Gonghe Basin is Located in semiarid area with fragile ecological conditions, all kinds of desertified lands and limited natural hioresources. The over grazing have further leaded to the deterioration of ecological environment. In consideration of the actual conditions of the Basin, some measures to prevent land desertification, such as closing and slightly utilizing range lands, are difficult to be realized. Therefore, the necessity of developing ecological agriculture is proposed in this paper so as to fully tap the land potential and solve the contradiction of environmental development and protection. Following investigation results prove that there is possibility of developing cultivation in Gonghe Basin: 1) According to the contrast investigation on soil profiles, the wind erosion in farmland is slight, which can be prevented and avoided with assistance of artificial measures. 2) The mechanical analysis shows that the cultivated soil layer is slightly roughed, but the material is lost within farmland, where no fine sand composition is found. 3) The fixed and semi-fixed dunes already existing in the farmland edge have nothing to do with modern reclamation. 4) Some nutrient content in farmland are higher than that in primary grassland. Based on the investigation on natural conditions and trend prediction of environmental changes, through drawing successful experience from local agricultural production, it is considered that developing ecological agriculture in Gonghe Basin is prossible.