In this paper, the exploitation, utilization and enhancement of marine living resources in the world, especially in the China have been described and discussed. The main contents of present paper are summarized as follows:1. The term "marine living resources" is here employed in a broad sense and includes the all living body (microbes, algae, seagrass, mangrove and animals) in the marine environment(including esturies). We should be discussion it from the point of view of ecosystems.2. China is a country rich in marine living resources. Nearly ten thousand species of marine organisms were found from the coastal zone and the shallow water of the continental self of China.3. The amount of photosynthetic production in water of Pohai Sea( Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea is about 3.5 × 10⁸ tons of carbon/year. According to the theoretical estimates from data on primary production the total year production of fish biomass is about 16 million tons.4. Marine living resources is exploited and utilized as foods, raw materials for industries, feed, fertilizer, new energy resources and ornament. Marine pharmacan which play an rapor-tant role in Chinese traditional medicine has attracted the attention of public in China and other countries.5. Though there was overfish in some areas in the ocean, the future of .vorld production of marine fisheries will be bright.6. Mariculture is greatly developed in China. At the present time, over 40 species of marine algae and animals are cultivated, the annual yield have increased to more than 50×10⁴. tons.7. Protective management is very important in maintaining the high aboundance biomass of marine living resources.