Through the regional integrated survey and system atic analysis of the relations between water need and water supply, some conclusions are drawn. (1) Water-deficient problem is a historical certainty due to the development of industry and agriculture. (2) Water need for agriculture is influenced by regional uneven distribution of monsoon climate and annual variation. (3) The proposed diversion of water from, the Huanghe (Yellow) River and the Chang-jiang (Yangtze) River can mitigats, to a certain extent, the contradiction between water need and water supply of the Hai-luan plain. (4) It seems desirable to encourage the low water consumption in industry and agriculture, and to control strictly the consumption of water in some departments.