The first time we defined the term of Gold Purchased by GDP (GPG) and regarded it as a new indicator of economic growth. GPG means the gold weight purchased by GDP according to the annual average exchange price and the annual average international gold price. Exploring the relationship between natural resource consumption and economic growth will contribute to improve the efficiency of resource utilization. This paper analyzed the data of commercial timber harvested, population, GDP and GPG of Southwest China since 1949, tested the hypothesis of Resource Curse and Kuznets Curve, the results showed: 1) with the increasing of GDP by 422 times from 1952 to 2008, the population, GPG and commercial timber harvested grew by one times, 4.5 times and 12 times respectively; 2) the commercial timber decreased by 80% resulted from the Natural Forests Protected Program from 1997 to 2000, but the figure of 9.5 million m3 in 2008 reached the level of 1997 and its increasing trend has not been changed since 1949; 3) the economic development experienced three GPG platforms and it stood at the third one currently. The linear correlation between GPG and timber consumption in the first 20 years was significant (P<0.01); 4) the per capita GPG increased by 1.5 times with the per capita GDP growing by 162 times. The linear correlation between commercial timber consumption and population was significant (P<0.01). The nonparametric correlation between GPG and population was true (P=0.005). The Resource Curse and Kuznets Curve did not exist between timber consumption and per capita GDP or per capita GPG; and 5) the commercial timber consumption per 10 thousand yuan or per kilogram GPG appeared inversed U-shaped curve, and the economic growth went through the period which has promoted by intensive labor and timber consumption.
ZHOU Bin, JIANG You-xu, ZANG Run-guo
. Relationship between Commercial Timber Consumption and Economic Growth in Recent 60 Years in Southwest China[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2010
, 25(11)
: 1907
-1917
.
DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.11.010
[1] Meadows D H, Meadows D L, Randers J, et al. The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind [M]. New York: Universe Books, 1972.
[2] Meadows D H, Meadows D L, Randers J. Beyond the Limits: Global Collapse or a Sustainable Future [M]. London: Earthscan Publication Ltd., 1992.
[3] Meadows D H, Randers J, Meadows D L. Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update[M]. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing Co., 2004.
[4] 罗浩. 自然资源与经济增长: 资源瓶颈及其解决途径[J]. 经济研究, 2007(6): 142-153.
[5] Auty R M. Sustaining Development in Mineral Economies: The Resource Curse Thesis [M]. London: Routledge, 1993.
[6] Sachs J D, Warner A M. Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth [M]. Cambridge M A: Harvard Institute for International Development, 1997.
[7] Kuznets S. Economic growth and income inequality [J]. The American Economic Review, 1955, 45(1): 1-28.
[8] Grossman G M, Krueger A B. Economic growth and the environment [J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1995, 110(2): 353-377.
[9] 关凤峻. 自然资源对我国经济发展贡献的定量分析[J]. 资源科学, 2004, 26(4): 24-27.
[10] 唐守正. 中国森林资源及其对环境的影响[J]. 生物学通报, 1998, 33(11): 2-6.
[11] 冯菁, 程堂仁, 夏自谦. 森林资源与经济发展相关性研究[J]. 林业经济问题, 2007, 27(5): 434-438.
[12] Panayotou T. Empirical tests and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development . Geneva: International Labor Office, 1993.
[13] Panayotou T. Environmental degradation at different stages of economic development//Ahmed I, Doeleman J A. Beyond Rio: The Environmental Crisis and Sustainable Livelihoods in the Third World. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
[14] 石春娜, 王立群. 森林资源消长与经济增长关系计量分析[J]. 林业经济, 2006(11): 46-49.
[15] 国家林业局. 中国森林资源报告——第七次全国森林资源清查[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2009.
[16] Myers N, Mittermeier R A, Mittermeier C G, et al. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities [J]. Nature, 2000, 403(6772): 853-858.
[17] 云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所, 云南省环境保护局. 云南省生态功能区划研究报告. 昆明, 2004.
[18] 四川省环境保护局, 四川省实施西部大开发领导小组办公室. 四川省生态功能区划. 成都, 2006.
[19] 中国银行总行. 各国货币汇价统计手册[M]. 北京: 中国财政经济出版社, 1979.
[20] 国家林业局计资司. 2008年全国林业统计年报分析——林业产业发展. http: //www. forestry. gov. cn/portal/main/s/304/content-195988. html.
[21] Krausmann F, Gingrich S, Eisenmenger N, et al. Growth in global materials use, GDP and population during the 20th century [J]. Ecological Economics, 2009, 68(10): 2696-2705.
[22] Cheng S, Xu Z, Su Y, et al. Spatial and temporal flows of China’s forest resources: Development of a framework for evaluating resource efficiency [J]. Ecological Economics, in press,
[23] 国家林业局. 2008中国林业统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2009.
[24] Brunnschweiler C N, Bulte E H. Economics: Linking natural resources to slow growth and more conflict [J]. Science, 2008, 320(5876): 616-617.
[25] Behrens A, Giljum S, Kovanda J, et al. The material basis of the global economy: Worldwide patterns of natural resource extraction and their implications for sustainable resource use policies [J]. Ecological Economics, 2007, 64(2): 444-453.
