The urban land per capita always inspires researchers working in the fields of urban planning, geography and urban/regional planning, because it is a basic parameter for urban planning and land use planning. In 1991, the standard of urban land per capita came into operation, which has become one of the important indexes for judging whether urban planning is reasonable at the different levels in China. However, after the rapid urbanization and economic development of 20 years, can the standard still meet the increasing demand of urban land in this country? In response to the question, this study discusses the differences of urban land per capita for 80 countries with the largest population in the world, using the data from the Demograhia website, FAO and World Bank, etc. Furthermore, the factors causing the differences are examined, using the cross-sectional data of these countries. The results show that urban land per capita has a positive relationship with land resources per capita and GDP per capita. And the latter has more influence on the differences than the former. In addition, the percentage of arable land and permanent crop land to the total land also has a relationship with urban land per capita. In China, urban land per capita will increase with economic development and might approach 165 m2 in 2020, which is higher than that of the present level (155 m2) and much higher than the upper limit of the standard of urban land per capita (120 m2).
TAN Ming-hong, LI Xiu-bin
. Characteristics of Urban Land Per Capita of Major Countries in the World and Its Implications for China[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2010
, 25(11)
: 1813
-1822
.
DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.11.001
[1] Camagni R, Gibelli, M C, Rigamonti P. Urban mobility and urban form: The social and environmental costs of different patterns of urban expansion (Special section: Economics of urban sustainability) [J]. Ecological Economics, 2002, 40: 199-216.
[2] Kasanko M, Barredo J I, Lavalle C, et al. Are European cities becoming dispersed? A comparative analysis of 15 European urban areas [J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2005, 77(1/2): 111-130.
[3] 丁成日. 中国城市的人口密度高吗?[J] 城市人口, 2004, 28(8): 43-48.
[4] 赵民, 汪军. 重构我国城市规划建设用地标准及控制体系的探讨[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2007(6): 29-35.
[5] Demograhia. World urban population density by country & area . http://www.demographia.com/.2006.
[6] FAO. FAOSTAT . http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=377&lang=en#ancor: Rome. 2005.
[7] The World Bank. Data & Statistics. GDP and GNI (2007 World Development Indicators) . http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0.,contentMDK:20394802~menuPK:1192714~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419~isCURL:Y,00.html.2005.
[8] Tan M, Li X, Xie H, et al. Urban land expansion and arable land loss in China: A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region [J]. Land Use Policy, 2005, 22(2): 187-196.
[9] Zhang T. Community features and urban sprawl: The case study of the Chicago metropolitan region [J]. Land Use Policy, 2001, 18: 221-232.
[10] Seto K C, Shepherd J M. Global urban land-use trends and climate impacts [J]. Environmental Sustainability, 2009(1): 89-95.
[11] Shoshany M, Goldshleger N. Land-use and population density changes in Israel—1950 to 1990: Analysis of regional and local trends [J]. Land Use Policy, 2002, 19: 123-133.
[12] Levinson D. Density and dispersion: The co-development of land use and rail in London [J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2008(8): 55-77.
[13] 索尔德 特 S, 阿曼尔·卡博内尔. 理性增长——形式与后果[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2007.
[14] 胡健颖, 姜国华, 王汉生. 实证研究中预测模型的选择: 从逐步回归到信息标准[J]. 数理统计与管理, 2006, 25(1): 21-26.
[15] Knaap G J. Land Market Monitoring For Smart Urban Growth [M]. Cambridge: Webcp Ltd., 2001.
[16] Nelson A C. Comparing states with and without growth management: Analysis based on indicators with policy implications [J]. Land Use Policy, 1999, 16: 121-127.
[17] Kline J D. Comparing states with and without growth management analysis based on indicators with policy implications comment [J]. Land Use Policy, 2000, 17: 349-355.
[18] Millera J S, Hoel L A. The "smart growth" debate: Best practices for urban transportation planning [J]. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 2002, 36: 1-24.
[19] Cullingworth J B. Town And Country Planning in England And Wales: The Changing Scene [M]. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1969.
[20] Zheng H, Shen L. Evaluation of urban intensive use—Take the case of a changing city of Shenzhen as an example [J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2008, 23(6): 1009-1021.
