Sponsored by Significant Consultation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),the scientific investigation was carried out again on the Tarim River.The process and experience of this river's scientific investigation is briefly introduced and a few preliminary understandings are presented aiming at some problems such as"the sustainability problem of the Bositeng Lake water transfer to downriver Tarim River","the problem of water resource allocation","the problem on the understanding of the Tarim River's trunk course renovation project","the understanding and management issues of ecological dams","the issue on the understanding of Populus euphratica forest's protection","the ecological and environmental restoration of downriver Tarim River"and so on.The elementary consultation advice on river course renovations and ecological rehabilitation of the Tarim River is also presented.