国土空间治理是国家治理的重要组成部分，空间开发权是国土空间治理的重点内容。在国土空间规划和用途管制、自然资源资产产权制度等改革同步推进的背景下，从空间开发权的视角来审视国土空间治理，已成为重要的理论和实践命题。在剖析国土空间治理基本内涵和运行关键的基础上，探讨了中国空间开发权的形成基础与内涵特征，据此分析提出基于空间开发权的国土空间治理运行逻辑。主要研究结论包括：（1）国土空间治理的运行关键在于全生命周期的国土空间开发保护，事关空间开发权的配置、调控与实现。（2）中国的空间开发权源自独有的两级土地发展权体系，是国土空间利用导致建设和非建设用途变化以及二者内部用途变化和空间利用强度变化所产生的权利，是两级、隐性、全域全要素陆海空间开发保护的权利。（3）中国国土空间治理的顺利运行应聚焦于两级空间开发权调配实现及主体互动协调。展望未来，以上述认知为切入点，加强空间开发权理论、空间开发权分级交易市场机制和统筹制度等研究，将有助于国土空间治理现代化和自然资源资产产权制度等改革的推进。

National territory spatial governance is an essential part of national governance, and spatial development rights are the critical content of national territory spatial governance. The reforms of national territory spatial planning, the regulation of territorial use control, and the property rights system of natural resource assets are advancing simultaneously. This has become a proposition of fundamental significance both theoretically and practically to examine national territory spatial governance from the perspective of spatial development rights. Based on the analysis of the basic connotation and main operation fields of national territory spatial governance, this paper dives deep into the formation basis and critical characteristics of spatial development rights and accordingly proposes the operation logic of territory spatial governance based on spatial development rights. The main findings include: (1) The main operation fields of national territory spatial governance lie in the whole life cycle of the development and protection of territorial space, which is tightly related to the allocation, regulation and realization of spatial development rights. (2) In China, spatial development rights originated from the unique two-level land development rights system. They are consisting of the changes in land use type and the intensity among the construction and non-construction land, as well as within the smaller land types. Furthermore, they have also formed a two-level structure and are implicitly rooted in the current laws and regulations, and are related to the whole process of development and protection of the whole territorial space and all kinds of natural resource types. (3) The crux of the successful operation of national territory spatial governance is the allocation and regulation of spatial development rights, as well as the interaction and coordination among multiple subjects. We suggest that further research and practice should focus on the theory of spatial development rights, the market of graded trading of spatial development rights, and the integrated coordination system, thus advancing the system's modernization and governance capacity and the reforms of the property rights of natural resource assets.

探索低效工业用地减量化治理对优化土地资源利用格局、促进产业升级和城市高质量发展具有重要意义。在分析低效工业用地治理复杂系统特征的基础上,建构“情境—结构—行为—结果”分析框架,以超大城市上海市为例,采用扎根分析方法,揭示减量化过程和运行机理。结果显示：（1）低效工业用地减量化具有规划限制性、公共利益性和乡村嵌入性特征,由外部环境、用地效益、主体角色和减量化治理共同构成“外缘—内核”式的复杂适应系统。（2）建设用地“天花板”刚性约束下的宏观资源—环境—发展压力与微观用地效益是减量化的外部情境;内源性主体治理能力不足与外源性主体基于公共利益主动介入共同构成基于价值共享的治理结构;刚性政策、激励政策和支持政策形成了“三元互补”系统推动了集体行动;结果则呈现出城市高质量发展与资源再配置的协调,而平衡生态保护与经济发展、解决减量化短期压力将成为持续开展减量化的重点与难点。研究结果可为长三角其他城市开展低效工业用地治理提供经验和案例的借鉴。

以沈阳市铁西区建筑物三维信息为基础数据，从建筑高度、密度、体积与体形、分布均匀度与空间拥挤度等方面构建了三维建筑景观评价指标，分别从区域、功能分区和梯度带3个角度分析了三维建筑景观的变化特征。结果表明：从1997年到2008年，铁西区建筑向垂直方向扩张，建筑空间分布越来越不均匀，空间拥挤度、建筑平均体积与容积率逐渐增大；居住区平均高度、平均体积、覆盖率、容积率、空间拥挤程度最小，建筑分布最均匀；商业区除建筑高度变异系数和平均体形系数最小外，其余指标值最大；工业区高度变异系数和平均体形系数最大，空间分布最不均匀；从梯度带上看，建筑使用类型的差异决定了三维建筑景观的变化特征。