
Study on the construction of talent-cultivation system for territory spatial planning in China
CHEN Yi, ZHOU Yue, HUANG Xian-jin, SHI Min-qi, MA Qi-fang
JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11) : 2961-2974.
Study on the construction of talent-cultivation system for territory spatial planning in China
The reform of territory spatial planning system has put forward new requirements for personnel training, and it is urgent to build a talent training system for territory spatial planning in the New Era. This research uses the potential conflict index (PCI) to study the current professional education situation of territory spatial planning in China, by using the questionnaire survey from the perspective of talent training supply and employer demand. The results show that there are about 261 colleges and universities offering majors related to territory spatial planning in China, which are characterized by diversified opening types, diversified school levels, differentiated degree systems, and the urgent need to improve the master and doctor training system. From the perspective of talent supply, talent training programs have different emphases on the requirements of mastering basic theory of planning due to the differences in subject basis, but all majors show a strong demand for planning tool application, planning practice courses and interdisciplinary knowledge integration. From the perspective of talent demand, employers attach importance to interdisciplinary talents, technical talents with both theory and practice, and professional talents with solid basic theory. This research proposes innovative ideas for the talent training system of territory spatial planning from the aspects of discipline system construction, basic study, application-oriented curriculum construction, professional evaluation mechanism and vocational training channels.
territory spatial planning / talent training / talent supply / talent demand / the questionnaire survey {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 Descriptive statistical results表1 描述性统计结果 |
人才供给侧 | 人才需求侧 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
指标 | 项目 | 频次/次 | 百分比% | 指标 | 项目 | 频次/次 | 百分比% |
性别 | 男 | 186 | 34.40 | 性别 | 男 | 488 | 59.37 |
女 | 355 | 65.60 | 女 | 334 | 40.63 | ||
学校 类型 | 985、双一流 | 83 | 15.34 | 职称 | 员级 | 52 | 6.32 |
211、双一流 | 122 | 22.55 | 助理级 | 120 | 14.60 | ||
211、普通本科 | 1 | 0.18 | 中级 | 321 | 39.05 | ||
普通本科、双一流 | 2 | 0.37 | 副高级 | 172 | 20.92 | ||
普通本科 | 333 | 61.55 | 正高级 | 35 | 4.26 | ||
专业 | 人文地理与城乡规划 | 56 | 10.35 | 科级及以下 | 59 | 7.18 | |
自然地理学 | 10 | 1.85 | 副处级 | 6 | 0.73 | ||
地图学与地理信息系统 | 36 | 6.65 | 其他 | 57 | 6.93 | ||
地理科学 | 54 | 9.98 | 学历 | 高中/中专及以下 | 6 | 0.73 | |
建筑学 | 3 | 0.55 | 大专 | 60 | 7.30 | ||
城乡(市)规划(学) | 51 | 9.43 | 本科 | 481 | 58.52 | ||
风景园林 | 3 | 0.55 | 硕士及以上 | 275 | 33.45 | ||
园林 | 2 | 0.37 | 工作 性质 | 政府管理部门 | 75 | 9.12 | |
工业设计 | 1 | 0.18 | 土地规划院 | 241 | 29.32 | ||
土地资源管理 | 238 | 43.99 | 城市规划院 | 122 | 14.84 | ||
旅游管理 | 7 | 1.29 | 智库科研中心 | 26 | 3.16 | ||
其他 | 80 | 14.79 | 其他 | 358 | 43.55 | ||
年级 | 大四 | 235 | 43.40 | 工作 时间/年 | <1 | 60 | 7.30 |
大五(五年制本科) | 9 | 1.70 | 1~5 | 168 | 20.44 | ||
研二 | 193 | 35.70 | 5~10 | 194 | 23.60 | ||
研三 | 104 | 19.20 | >10 | 400 | 48.66 | ||
合计 | 541 | 100.00 | 合计 | 822 | 100.00 |
Table 2 Statistics of main courses of different majors表2 不同专业的主要课程统计 |
课程 | 频次/次 | 排序 |
---|---|---|
城乡规划主要课程 | ||
关键词汇总 | ||
含有关键词“规划”的课程 | 868 | 1 |
含有关键词“建筑”的课程 | 115 | 2 |
含有关键词“管理”的课程 | 91 | 3 |
含有关键词“生态”的课程 | 83 | 4 |
含有关键词“地理”的课程 | 75 | 5 |
含有关键词“土地”的课程 | 5 | 6 |
人文地理与城乡规划主要课程 | ||
关键词汇总 | ||
含有关键词“规划”的课程 | 511 | 1 |
含有关键词“地理”的课程 | 415 | 2 |
含有关键词“城市”的课程 | 280 | 3 |
含有关键词“土地”的课程 | 86 | 4 |
含有关键词“建筑”的课程 | 19 | 5 |
含有关键词“生态”的课程 | 17 | 6 |
土地资源管理主要课程 | ||
关键词汇总 | ||
含有关键词“土地”的课程 | 502 | 1 |
含有关键词“管理”的课程 | 201 | 2 |
含有关键词“规划”的课程 | 113 | 3 |
含有关键词“房地产”的课程 | 74 | 4 |
含有关键词“地理”的课程 | 34 | 5 |
含有“城市”或者“城乡”的课程 | 24 | 6 |
Table 3 Analysis of curriculum cognition degree of different majors表3 不同专业课程认知程度分析 |
专业 | 理论基础类 | 规划设计类 | 方法技术类 | 综合实践类 |
---|---|---|---|---|
城乡规划 | 城乡/城市规划原理 城市设计(原理/概论) 城市社会学 城市(乡)生态与环境 保护 城市建设史(规划史) 城乡/城市规划管理与 法规 | 城市/城乡总体规划 居住区/住区/住宅规划设计 城市道路与交通规划设计 建筑设计 景观/风景园林规划与设计 | 地理信息系统 AutoCAD | 城乡社会综合调查研究 城市规划师职业实践 城乡总体规划实习 城乡认识实习 |
人文地理 和城乡规划 | 人文地理学 城市地理学 经济地理学 (农业与)乡村地理学 | 城市/城乡/城镇总体规划 城市控制/修建性详细规划 区域分析与(区域)规划 城乡/城市规划原理 城乡/城市规划管理与法规 土地利用规划/与管理 | 地理信息系统 地图学/测量学 遥感概论/数字图像 处理 | 土地利用规划实践 地理学综合野外实习 城乡规划综合野外实习 |
土地资源管理 | 土地管理学 地籍管理 房地产开发经营与管理 土地经济学 不动产估价/评估 土地法学 土地/国土/自然资源学 | 土地利用规划(学) 城乡/城市规划(原理) 国土空间规划 | 土地/地理信息系统 地籍测量/测量学等 遥感原理/技术及运用 数据库建设 | 测量学野外实习 土地调查实习 土地利用规划实践 土地资源利用综合实习 |
Table 4 The professional demand for planning talents (%)表4 规划人才专业需求情况 |
专业 | 需求 | 专业 | 需求 |
---|---|---|---|
规划类(如城乡规划/城市规划) | 75.06 | 建筑类(如建筑设计) | 14.60 |
管理类(如土地资源管理) | 51.34 | 其他(区域经济学、测绘学、计算机学、地质学、房地产经济学、统计学、海洋学、水文学等) | 7.79 |
地理类(如自然地理/人文地理/地理信息系统) | 50.36 |
Table 5 The capacity demand for planning talents (%)表5 规划人才能力需求情况 |
规划人才需要掌握的能力 | 需求 |
---|---|
扎实的国土空间规划专业基础 | 85.04 |
良好的国土空间规划文本与图件编制等规划实践能力 | 82.48 |
国土空间规划落地实施的逻辑思维能力 | 77.01 |
运用文字和口头表达规划与设计意图的能力 | 70.80 |
从事规划工作的组织协调和社会交往能力 | 70.56 |
数据与图像处理、空间分析等技术能力 | 70.19 |
政策理论研究等学习能力 | 69.34 |
改革创新能力 | 64.36 |
其他 | 1.70 |
Table 6 Evaluation of existing major courses in territorial spatial planning (%)表6 国土空间规划现有主要课程评价 |
课程名称 | 赞同百分比 | 课程名称 | 赞同百分比 | 课程名称 | 赞同百分比 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
城市规划原理 | 92.20 | 地理信息系统学 | 86.50 | 土地规划学 | 96.90 |
城市总体规划 | 88.65 | 自然地理学 | 86.00 | 土地管理学 | 91.20 |
区域经济与区域规划 | 77.15 | 人文地理学 | 80.09 | 土地资源学 | 87.70 |
城市生态与环境保护 | 75.53 | 经济地理学 | 79.00 | 土地经济学 | 75.40 |
控规与综合性城市设计 | 75.36 | 遥感原理及应用 | 65.70 | 地籍管理学 | 64.20 |
城市道路与交通 | 69.20 | 地图学 | 61.40 | 测量学 | 56.90 |
城市经济学与城市开发 | 65.96 | 文化地理学 | 56.00 | ||
城市工程系统规划 | 64.83 | 地质学 | 46.40 | ||
城市地理学与城市社会学 | 62.07 | 地球概论 | 35.70 | ||
城市设计概论与历史文化保护 | 59.48 | ||||
城市政策分析与管理法规 | 57.05 |
Table 7 The cognition of employers to territorial space planning professional education (%)表7 用人单位对国土空间规划专业教育的认知 |
条目 | 类别 | 赞同百分比 |
---|---|---|
未来是否有必要设立国土空间规划专业 | 有必要新设国土空间规划本科专业 | 29.68 |
设立国土空间规划硕士专业即可 | 12.41 | |
设立国土空间规划博士专业即可 | 0.61 | |
有必要设立国土空间规划本科+硕士专业培养体系 | 20.68 | |
有必要设立国土空间规划本科+硕士+博士培养体系 | 27.86 | |
没必要 | 8.76 |
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空间规划体系改革是推进生态文明建设的重大举措。面向新的国土空间规划体系,如何整合不同空间尺度下的政策,如何协调人类活动并保护生态格局和自然资源,是空间规划的核心问题,亟需吸纳多学科视角和知识加以回答。生态系统服务关联生态系统与人类福祉,是优化国土空间、推动规划决策更加符合生态文明理念的重要工具。本文立足于国土空间规划体系的构建需求,通过文献梳理和理论分析,从多个维度探讨了生态系统服务对空间规划体系构建的支撑作用。首先,对生态系统服务与空间规划价值目标的关联进行了基本判断,明确了生态系统服务不仅是空间规划进行自然资源价值塑造的载体,也是空间规划面向公共福祉的政府选择。其次,针对国家、省级以及市县和乡镇各纵向层级总体规划的功能定位和内容重点,分别剖析了生态系统服务对实现规划的战略性和政策性、协调性和操作性的支撑作用,并从尺度效应视角探讨了其对构建规划协同机制的促进作用。最后,面向“多规合一”的横向衔接需求,提出生态系统服务在培育部门共同价值,协同多元主体利益及改进空间规划技术三方面的重要作用。研究为指导空间规划体系改革提供理论支持和可行路径,丰富深化了生态系统服务在政策制定中的应用。
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Spatial planning system reform is a critical strategy to promote ecosystem civilization construction in China. In view of the new spatial planning system, how to coordinate human activities and protect ecological pattern as well as natural resources are critical to the reformation, which urgently requires multi-disciplinary perspectives and knowledge. Ecosystem services bridge the ecosystem and the human well-being, serving as an important tool for land spatial optimization and decision making to better conform with the ecological civilization. In the light of construction demands from the spatial planning system, this research investigates how ecosystem services may provide relevant support from multiple dimensions through intensive literature and theoretical analyses. Firstly, this paper clarifies ecosystem services' connection with spatial planning in terms of values and goal. Not only are ecosystem services a carrier of spatial planning to shape the value of natural resources, but they are a government choice for spatial planning to promote public welfare as well. Secondly, an in-depth analysis of ecosystem services' support is performed with functions and contents, which vary across planning hierarchy, including the national, provisional, urban, county and village/town levels. To be more specific, insights are gained into ways that ecosystem services may facilitate the strategic and policy-oriented function, the coordinative function, and the operational function, respectively. From a scale-effect perspective, the vertical coordination across planning levels that could be facilitated by ecosystem services is also discussed. Finally, facing the needs of horizontal coordination emphasized by "multiple planning integration", ecosystem services may play important roles in three aspects: fostering common values among different sectors, coordinating multiple stakeholders' interests, and improving spatial planning technology. Results give theoretical supports and possible paths to direct spatial planning reforms, which may help to expand the application of ecosystem services in policy making. {{custom_citation.content}}
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美丽中国是社会主义新时代生态文明建设的新目标愿景,满足人民群众对美好生活向往的现实需求。国土空间规划是国家统筹涉及空间各类规划的重大部署。美丽中国是国家第二个一百年发展新的引领目标,其内涵不仅是“生态美丽”,也是“经济—政治—文化—社会—生态”综合的大美丽,美丽中国建设要因地制宜构建差异化的评估指标体系。美丽中国和国土空间规划有着密切联系,美丽中国为国土空间规划指引了重要方向,国土空间规划则为美丽中国建设提供了重要途径和空间保障。国土空间规划编制需要加强人地关系地域系统、点—轴系统、主体功能区划、可持续发展与资源环境承载力、新型城镇化、乡村地域多体系统等深入探讨。本文提出了地理学视角下国土空间规划编制的思路框架,科学分析国土空间的自然地理条件、经济社会发展基础、国土空间相互联系,结合美丽中国目标,谋划国土空间的目标、愿景与路径,鼓励公众参与与开展动态评估,构建智能系统平台等,为国土空间规划编制实施提供思路借鉴。
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Beautiful China is the new goal of ecological civilization construction in the new era of socialism, which can meet the real needs of the people for a better life. National land space planning is a major deployment of the state to coordinate various types of space planning. Beautiful China is the new leading goal of the country's second centenary development. Its connotation is not only "ecological beauty", but also the comprehensive beauty of "economy-politics-culture-society-ecology". The construction of beautiful China needs a differentiated evaluation index system based on the local conditions. Beautiful China is closely related to the land spatial planning. The former provides an important direction for the latter, while the latter provides an important approach and space guarantee for the construction of the former. The establishment of land spatial planning needs to strengthen the further discussion of the regional system of human-environment interaction, point-axis system, the main functional area planning, sustainable development and resource environmental carrying capacity, new urbanization and rural regional multi-body system. This paper puts forward the thinking framework of land spatial planning from the perspective of geography, including scientifically analyzing the natural geographical conditions, economic and social development basis, and the interrelationship between land and space, planing the goal, vision and path of land and space, encouraging the public to participate in and carry out dynamic evaluation, and building an intelligent system platform for land and spatial planning with the goal of beautiful China, which provide ideas for the compilation and implementation of land spatial planning. {{custom_citation.content}}
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