
Multi-scale regional analysis for differences on residents' food consumption and policy implications: An empirical study on family recipes in Yantai, Lanzhou, Xinxiang and Jiujiang
ZHAO Miao-xi, SHI Hao-chen, LI Xin, ALFONSO Mejia, YAO Yue-xi, WANG Jia-yu, BI Yu-xuan
JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10) : 2636-2650.
Multi-scale regional analysis for differences on residents' food consumption and policy implications: An empirical study on family recipes in Yantai, Lanzhou, Xinxiang and Jiujiang
Currently, due to China's continuous rise of international dependence on food, reducing food losses and avoiding waste has become an important way to solve the problem of the resilience of the food security system. However, thanks to the obvious variations in the dietary structure of residents in different regions, the implementation of food saving policies and regulations should pay attention to these regional differences. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the food consumption habits (especially the dietary structure or ratio) of residents in different areas. In this context, taking Yantai, Lanzhou, Xinxiang, and Jiujiang as examples, our study used a questionnaire survey to explore the differences of the food consumption and its corresponding production land demand in the four cities. The results show that: (1) There are significant regional differences between dietary structures and their corresponding consumption of land resources, and this difference is closely related to the urban natural conditions and local dietary customs. (2) The origins (global, local and domestic) of food consumption of residents in the four cities tend to be different, and such differences are relatively small in local origins but significant in global origins. Finally, based on the analysis results, the paper discusses the policy possibilities for food saving and anti-food waste. First of all, the implementation of anti-food waste policies and regulations should fully take into account the regional characteristics of residents' food consumption, in order to formulate targeted food consumption standards and dynamic monitoring systems. Secondly, in the context of global fluctuations and food security, local governments should pay more attention to the possibility of cities reserving strategic origins for local food supplies in combination with spatial planning, so as to reduce the food losses during transportation.
resident recipes / food consumption / regional differences / land resources / globalization {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 The estimated conversion rate between consuming food and land resources表1 食材—土地资源估算转化率 |
食材类型 | 植物—土地转化系数 | 饲料转化率 | 1 kg重量所需土地资源/m2 | 所需土地类型 |
---|---|---|---|---|
谷物 | 1.59 | — | 1.59 | 耕地 |
油类 | 12.58 | — | 12.58 | 耕地 |
豆制品 | 5.07 | — | 5.07 | 耕地 |
牛羊肉 | 2.63 | 0.32 | 1.33、8.35 | 牧草地、耕地 |
猪肉 | 1.94 | 0.25 | 7.92 | 耕地 |
家禽 | 2.29 | 0.35 | 6.54 | 耕地 |
蛋类 | 2.29 | 0.60 | 3.82 | 耕地 |
奶制品 | 2.63 | 1.82 | 0.02、1.45 | 牧草地、耕地 |
水产品 | 2.46 | 2.22 | 1.23、1.11 | 水域、耕地 |
水果 | 0.43 | — | 0.43 | 林地 |
蔬菜 | 0.28 | — | 0.28 | 耕地 |
其他 | — | — | — | — |
Fig. 3 The food consumption per capita in four investigated cities图3 4个城市不同食材人均消耗量 |
Table 2 The land resources consumption per capita in four investigated cities (m2)表2 4个城市居民家庭人均食材消耗对应的土地资源需求 |
耕地 | 牧草地 | 水域 | 林地 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
兰州 | 2.451 | 0.105 | 0.048 | 0.079 |
新乡 | 2.162 | 0.063 | 0.061 | 0.065 |
九江 | 2.601 | 0.073 | 0.141 | 0.074 |
烟台 | 2.034 | 0.054 | 0.097 | 0.073 |
Fig. 4 Consumption proportions of imported, domestic and local food in four investigated cities图4 4个城市居民进口、本土、本地消耗食材占比 |
Table 3 The coefficients of variation of imported, domestic and local food consumption proportion表3 4个城市进口、本土、本地食材的变异系数 |
食材来源 | 食材类型 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
谷物类 | 油类 | 豆制品 | 牛羊肉 | 猪肉 | 家禽 | 蛋类 | 水果 | 蔬菜类 | 水产品 | 奶制品 | 其他 | |
进口 | 0.71 | 1.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.23 |
本土 | 0.43 | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.57 | 0.66 | 0.09 | 0.34 | 0.54 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
本地 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 0.27 | 0.21 |
Fig. 6 The coefficients of variation of imported, domestic and local land resources consumption in four investigated cities图6 4个城市进口、本土、本地食材消耗对应土地资源需求量的变异系数 |
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This review summarizes several avenues of planning inquiry into food systems research, revealing gaps in the literature, allied fields of study and mismatches between scholarly disciplines and the food system life cycle. Planners and scholars in associated fields have identified and defined problems in the food system as 'wicked' problems, complex environmental issues that require systemic solutions at the community scale. While food justice scholars have contextualized problem areas, planning scholars have made a broad case for planning involvement in solving these wicked problems while ensuring that the functional and beneficial parts of the food system continue to thrive. This review maps the entry points of scholarly interest in food systems and planning's contributions to its study, charting a research agenda for the future.
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感谢康立琦同学和陈思同学在问卷派放与收集过程中的努力。
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