
Regional differences and spatial convergence in the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the main grain producing areas in the Yangtze Region
LIU Meng-ba, ZHANG An-lu, WEN Gao-hui
JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2) : 477-493.
Regional differences and spatial convergence in the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the main grain producing areas in the Yangtze Region
The basic premise of realizing the "trinity" protection of cultivated land in China is to explore the cooperative mechanism of "resource, social economy and environment" and its evolution of cultivated land use ecosystem. Based on the connotation of cultivated land use ecological efficiency, we, from the perspective of the "socioeconomy-resources-environment" composite system, build a cultivated land use evaluation index system of ecological efficiency, and use the SBM - Undesirable model, kernel density estimation and spatial convergence model to quantitatively depict the dynamic evolution of the cultivated land use ecological efficiency of the 71 cities (prefectures) in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Region. The results showed that: (1) From 2007 to 2018, the overall ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization in the study area was at medium level, with obvious differences among the main grain producing areas. The efficiency loss was mainly caused by input non-efficiency induced by input redundancy, among which labor input redundancy was the highest. (2) From the perspective of time dimension, the overall ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the main grain-producing areas in the Yangtze Region can be divided into two levels, the overall internal differences have been expanding, but gradually tend to be stable. The evolution of the internal differences among the main grain-producing areas is highly differentiated. Among them, the gap in the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the major grain producing areas in Hubei and Jiangxi experienced a process of "expanding first and then narrowing". The internal gap in the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the major grain producing areas in Anhui province was gradually widening, while that in Hunan and Jiangsu provinces was gradually narrowing. (3) From the perspective of space dimension, considering the spatial spillover effect, the main grain producing areas in the Yangtze Region as a whole show significant absolute β convergence, and the condition convergence rate is 1.01% under the joint influence of science and technology level, farmers' income level and irrigation water equality. However, the convergence trend of major grain-producing areas varies in different regions. Jiangsu has the highest absolute value of absolute β convergence coefficient, followed by Hunan province and Hubei, while Anhui and Jiangxi have no absolute β convergence, but Jiangxi has the most obvious β convergence trend, while Jiangsu has the pseudo convergence. Therefore, in order to improve the ecological efficiency of cultivated land in the main grain producing areas in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River, it is necessary to raise the awareness of low-carbon agricultural development and a coordination mechanism of the main grain producing areas, adjust measures to local conditions and implement policies in different regions.
cultivated land use / ecological efficiency / regional differences / spatial convergence / major grain-producing areas / Middle and Lower Yangtze Region {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 Evaluation index system of cultivated land use ecological efficiency表1 耕地利用生态效率评价指标体系 |
变量类型 | 变量 | 指标释义 |
---|---|---|
投入指标 | 耕地投入 | 农作物播种面积/千hm2 |
劳动力投入 | 第一产业从业人员×(农业产值/农林牧渔业总产值) 进行换算/万人 | |
农药化肥投入 | 农药化肥施用折纯量/t | |
农机投入 | 农业机械总动力/万kW | |
期望产出指标 | 农业产值 | 农业产值/万元 |
粮食产量 | 粮食总产量/t | |
非期望产出指标 | 碳排放 | 耕地利用碳排放总量/t |
Table 2 Average annual input-output redundancy rate of cultivated land use in the major grain producing areas in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Region from 2007 to 2018 (%)表2 2007—2018年长江中下游粮食主产区耕地利用年均投入产出冗余率 |
地区 | 耕地利用投入冗余率 | 耕地利用产出冗余率 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土地投入 冗余率 | 劳动力投入 冗余率 | 农药化肥 投入冗余率 | 机械投入 冗余率 | 碳排放量 产出冗余率 | 粮食产量 冗余率 | 农业产值 冗余率 | ||
湖南省 | -26.79 | -56.08 | -20.68 | -36.83 | -24.71 | 0 | 9.06 | |
安徽省 | -18.45 | -43.59 | -28.04 | -30.48 | -27.55 | 5.35 | 31.51 | |
湖北省 | -23.95 | -27.03 | -32.14 | -15.89 | -28.72 | 1.71 | 6.09 | |
江西省 | -12.84 | -26.44 | -9.75 | -16.70 | -12.32 | 0 | 17.24 | |
江苏省 | -1.23 | -6.17 | -4.45 | -5.38 | -4.95 | 0 | 0.60 | |
整体 | -16.65 | -31.86 | -19.01 | -21.05 | -19.65 | 1.41 | 12.90 |
Table 3 Global Moran's I ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the major grain producing areas in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Region from 2007 to 2018表3 2007—2018年长江中下游粮食主产区耕地利用生态效率全局Moran's I |
年份 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moran's I | 0.194 | 0.187 | 0.210 | 0.228 | 0.199 | 0.296 | 0.371 | 0.285 | 0.244 | 0.236 | 0.339 | 0.301 |
Z值 | 2.743 | 2.653 | 3.019 | 3.343 | 2.899 | 4.236 | 5.389 | 4.020 | 3.533 | 3.445 | 4.893 | 4.340 |
P值 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Table 4 Spatial correlation test of ecological efficiency of cultivated land use表4 耕地利用生态效率的空间相关性检验 |
检验参数 | 绝对β收敛 | 条件β收敛 |
---|---|---|
LM-lag | 5.1924** | 5.7675** |
RLM-lag | 30.2790*** | 3.8697** |
LM-error | 4.2157** | 4.3796** |
RLM-error | 29.3022*** | 6.2765** |
注:*、**、***分别表示在10%、5%、1%水平上通过显著检验,下同。 |
Table 5 Absolute β convergence results of cultivated land use ecological efficiency in the major grain producing areas in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Region表5 长江中下游粮食主产区耕地利用生态效率的绝对β收敛结果 |
回归系数 | 长江中下游粮食 主产区整体 | 安徽省 | 湖北省 | 湖南省 | 江西省 | 江苏省 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | -0.3131***(-6.72) | -0.0637(-1.53) | -0.1536***(-2.60) | -0.1625*(-1.73) | 0.1748**(2.06) | -0.3340**(-2.33) |
ρ | 0.1035*** | -0.083* | -0.0941** | 0.2338** | 0.0953* | -0.2817** |
R2 | 0.3115 | 0.4050 | 0.2705 | 0.3084 | 0.4485 | 0.3960 |
收敛速度 | 0.0341 | 不收敛 | 0.0152 | 0.0161 | 不收敛 | 0.0370 |
样本数/个 | 71 | 16 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 13 |
注:括号内为基于市(州)为聚类变量的聚类稳健标准误下的Z值统计量,下同。 |
Table 6 Conditional β convergence results of cultivated land use ecological efficiency in the major grain producing areas in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Region表6 长江中下游粮食主产区耕地利用生态效率条件β收敛结果 |
回归系数 | 长江中下游粮食主产区整体 | 安徽省 | 湖北省 | 湖南省 | 江西省 | 江苏省 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | -0.1054**(-2.51) | -0.1416***(-2.76) | -0.0746*(-1.83) | -0.1909**(-2.01) | -0.4621**(-2.14) | -0.2173(-1.51) |
lnAG | -0.0866*(-1.75) | -0.0812**(-2.11) | -0.0144(-0.57) | -0.1819**(-1.99) | -0.0257(-0.92) | 0.0381(0.28) |
lnTE | 0.0891*(1.79) | 0.0407(1.35) | 0.0862**(2.03) | -0.0235(-0.59) | 0.221*(1.84) | 0.2558*(1.86) |
lnGOV | -0.0139(0.31) | -0.0969**(-2.32) | -0.1125**(-2.34) | 0.0277(0.63) | -0.399**(-1.99) | 0.2461*(1.75) |
lnFRE | 0.201***(3.38) | 0.1687***(2.89) | 0.0643*(1.79) | 0.2511**(2.53) | 0.0313(0.90) | 0.2228*(1.69) |
lnRCI | 0.0032(0.05) | 0.0381(1.16) | 0.0314(1.48) | -0.1585*(-1.68) | -0.5205**(-2.36) | 0.0549(0.83) |
lnIRI | 0.0970*(1.88) | 0.0083(0.06) | 0.0423*(1.68) | 0.0017(0.02) | 0.1981*(1.75) | 0.2764**(2.06) |
λ | 0.1113*** | 0.0986** | 0.0824** | 0.2011** | 0.2316* | 0.2682** |
R2 | 0.4089 | 0.5125 | 0.3304 | 0.4813 | 0.4712 | 0.3238 |
收敛速度 | 0.0101 | 0.0139 | 0.0144 | 0.0193 | 0.0564 | 0.0223 |
样本数/个 | 71 | 16 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 13 |
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