
Spatial differentiation and formation mechanism of tourism efficiency at village scale: A case study of 375 tourism villages in Luoyang
YU Ru-yi, LIANG Liu-ke, SU Xiao-yan, ZHANG Chuan-cai
JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4) : 893-905.
Spatial differentiation and formation mechanism of tourism efficiency at village scale: A case study of 375 tourism villages in Luoyang
Rural tourism is an important part for implementing the strategy of rural revitalization. Based on the data survey of 375 tourist villages in the city of Luoyang, combined with geographical data and traffic data, this paper uses Bootstrap DEA method, traffic network accessibility algorithm and geographic detector to study the spatial differentiation and formation mechanism of village scale tourism efficiency in Luoyang. Result shows that the correlation between comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency is significantly higher than that between comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency. This suggests that the comprehensive efficiency of rural tourism development is mainly based on the scale efficiency, and the agglomeration of business units has not improved the pure technical efficiency. The high value areas are distributed around Luoyang and Luanchuan and extended along the Zhengzhou-Lushi Expressway and Luoyang-Luanchuan Expressway. The main factors of spatial differentiation of comprehensive technical efficiency are the tourism carrying capacity of the village and poverty-related factors. In the future, the development of village tourism should follow the path of intensive development, give full play to the combined effects of traffic accessibility, natural part of human settlements environment and agglomeration so as to promote the advanced production factors and innovation of business forms, and guide rural tourism from extensive to intensive development. In rural areas, especially in the mountainous areas of western Henan, the market of tourism elements such as land, labor force, science and technology, finance and information has not really been formed, which restricts the allocation of tourism development elements in the most effective way. Furthermore, the agglomeration effect of tourism elements is not significant and the total factor productivity of tourism is relatively low. Therefore, in order to improve the comprehensive technical efficiency of rural tourism development, it is necessary to strengthen the innovation of land system, tourism statistics and information system, financial market, social organization, and the cultivation of new farmers and management subjects, so as to give full play to the activation effect of the high-level tourism production factors on the rural tourism resources and elements.
village scale / tourism efficiency / spatial stratified heterogeneity and mechanism / geodetector {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 The input and output indicators of rural tourism efficiency表1 乡村旅游效率投入与产出指标 |
指标类型 | 指标体系 | 变量定义/单位 |
---|---|---|
产出指标 | 经营收入 | 旅游总收入/万元 |
游客接待量 | 旅游人次/人次 | |
投入指标 | 投资 | 社区总投资/万元 |
土地 | 社区土地面积/km2 | |
劳动力 | 旅游从业人数/人 | |
工资支出 | 旅游人均工资/万元 |
Table 2 The influencing factors of rural tourism efficiency表2 乡村旅游效率影响因素及界定 |
指标体系 | 具体指标 | 定义 |
---|---|---|
集聚效应 | 旅游单位数量 | 旅游经营单位数量 |
交通条件 | 交通可达性 | 基于交通网络的可达性 |
吸引力 | 人居环境 | 用海拔高程表示地形起伏度 |
承载力 | 人口密度 | 乡村年末人口数与村面积之比 |
是否贫困村 | 建档立卡村,则PV=1,否则PV=0 |
Table 3 The correlation among scale efficiency, pure technical efficiency and comprehensive technical efficiency表3 规模效率、纯技术效率与综合技术效率间的相关性 |
相关性及检验 | 综合技术效率与规模效率 | 综合技术效率与纯技术效率 | 纯技术效率与规模效率 |
---|---|---|---|
Pearson 相关性 | 0.807** | 0.363** | -0.235** |
显著性(双侧) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
注:**表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关。 |
Table 4 The impact of related factors on the efficiency of rural tourism in Luoyang表4 相关因素对洛阳市乡村旅游效率的影响力 |
探测指标 | 可达性 | 人口密度 | 单位数量 | 海拔高度 | 是否贫困村 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q statistic | 0.13 | 0.27** | 0.11 | 0.33*** | 0.16** |
注:***、**分别表示在1%、5%水平下显著。 |
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