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Spatial flow pattern and optimization of Sinopec's first distribution of refined oil of Jiangsu province
YANG Zu-ying, ZHAO Yuan, ZHOU Hao, PAN Jia-qing, CUI Jin-shan
JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11) : 2770-2782.
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Spatial flow pattern and optimization of Sinopec's first distribution of refined oil of Jiangsu province
({{custom_author.role_en}}), {{javascript:window.custom_author_en_index++;}}Based on detailed and accurate statistical data of the government and enterprises, this paper studied the spatial flow pattern and optimization of Sinopec's first distribution of refined oil of Jiangsu province. In this study, we used the methods of Geographical Network Analysis and Linear Programming to calculate the unit oil transportation cost, combined with the optimized scenario construction and the comparative analysis of distribution pattern of refined oil. Then, we systematically analyzed the spatial flow pattern and optimized configuration of first distribution of refined oil, and attempted to explore its geographical network structure in theory, in the perspectives of allocation benefits and spatial structure. The results show that: (1) The cost under the optimization scenario is reduced by about 30% compared with the actual situation in 2017, indicating that the primary distribution benefit of Sinopec Jiangsu refined oil is not fully optimized. (2) Theoretically, according to the principle of "nearby allocation" of refined oil, different refining enterprises distribute the refined oil with lower unit oil transportation cost within their respective optimization scenario boundaries. (3) In fact, due to the differences in refining capacity of refineries, imperfect product oil transportation channels and different distribution center oil depots, there are relatively optimized scenario boundaries or large or small actual oil transportation boundaries between different refineries, and there are some distribution center oil depots (mixed oil transportation regions) that simultaneously accept the product oil of different refineries. We hope to further reveal the basic laws of spatial flow of refined oil, and provide decision-making advice from the field of economic geography for the current national market-oriented reform of refined oil and the preparation of national pipeline company.
first distribution of refined oil / geographical network / spatial pattern / optimization {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 Composition of refined oil costs of J refining enterprises of Jiangsu province in 2017表1 2017年江苏省内J炼油企业的成品油成本构成 |
| 环节 | 成本/亿元 | 比例/% | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原油购买 | 274.67 | 46.28 | 2017年全年购入原油的平均价格为1550.42元/t,购入原油1770多万t,主要为阿曼原油、沙特重油和巴西卢拉原油等进口原油,含进出口关税 |
| 原油配送 | 1.22 | 0.21 | 跨国运输采用VLCC超大型油轮,自所在国海港输送至中国境内宁波港;国内配送绝大部分采用管道运输,将进口原油自宁波港,通过甬沪宁原油管网进行配送 |
| 原油炼制 | 314.26 | 52.95 | 2017年汽油单位成本为4001.88元/t,产量约415万t; 2017年柴油单位成本为3378.06元/t,产量约437万t |
| 成品油配送 | 一次配送2.23 二次配送1.1 | 0.56 | 一次配送指成品油自炼油企业至分销中心油库过程; 二次配送指分销中心油库至加油站和终端销售过程 |
| 总计 | 593.48 | 100 |
Table 2 Supply of refined oil and the number of petrol stations of different enterprises in Jiangsu province (as of the end of 2017)表2 江苏省内各企业成品油供应量及加油站点数量（2017年底） |
| 中石化 | 中石油 | 中海油 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 成品油销售量/万t | 1595.5 | 420 | 53.89 |
| 在营大型油库数量/个 | 16 | 5 | 3 |
| 所属加油站数量/个 | 2295 | 661 | 53 |
| 注：资料来源于江苏省发改委能源局调研结果。 |
Fig. 2 Actual situation of Sinopec's first distribution of Jiangsu refined oil in 2017图2 2017年中石化江苏成品油一次配送实际状况 |
Table 3 Research data content and sources of Sinopec's first distribution of Jiangsu refined oil表3 中石化江苏成品油一次配送研究数据内容及来源 |
| 数据内容 | 数据来源 | |
|---|---|---|
| 成品油管道、水运输油航线 | 成品油管道,包括：江苏省内的苏南线与苏北线成品油管网、跨省的金嘉杭线（上海市、浙江省和江苏省）、鲁皖线成品油管道（山东省、江苏省、安徽省） 水运输油航线,包括：高桥石化至南通姚港油库航线、青岛炼化至连云港临洪油库航线 | 成品油管道和水运输油航线的地理要素（位置、距离等）和输油技术参数（年输油量、输油方向等）,来自于中石化华东管道设计研究院 |
| 炼油企业、分销中心油库（市县分销企业） | 炼油企业,包括：江苏省内金陵石化、扬子石化、盛虹炼化（在建）,省外上海石化、高桥石化、齐鲁石化、青岛炼化;分销中心油库,包括江苏省内中石化所属的14个分销企业（13个地级市和江阴县级市）所辖的16个油库,每个油库分别代表一个市县分销企业（南京和徐州分销企业各拥有两个油库,其余市县企业仅一个油库）,该分销企业开展相关分销市场（市县级区域）的成品油二次配送。由于仅分析炼油企业至分销中心油库一次配送过程,市县分销企业由分销中心油库代替 | 炼油企业、市县分销企业的2017年全年成品油销售数据,来自于中石化江苏销售分公司调研得到 |
| 成品油管道运费率、水运费率 | 成品油管道运费率为： 苏南线0.13元/(t·km)、苏北线0.13元/(t·km)、金嘉杭线0.14元/(t·km)、鲁皖线0.15元/(t·km);高桥石化至南通航线水运费率为11.5元/t;青岛炼化至连云港航线水运费率为25.35元/t | 成品油管道运费率和水运费率数据,来自于中石化华东管道设计研究院 |
Table 4 The composition of actual transportation cost for first distribution of Sinopec Jiangsu's refined oil in 2017 (万元)表4 2017年中石化江苏成品油一次配送实际运费构成 |
| 南京 | 镇江 | 常州 | 江阴 | 无锡 | 苏州 | 扬州 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 省内炼油 企业 | 金陵石化 | 110.52 | 869.80 | 2910.86 | 1346.18 | 2576.69 | 3609.15 | — |
| 扬子石化 | 135.23 | — | — | — | — | — | 1299.32 | |
| 盛虹炼化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 省外炼油 企业 | 齐鲁石化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 上海石化 | — | — | — | — | — | 1272.08 | — | |
| 高桥石化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 青岛炼化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 泰州 | 淮安 | 宿迁 | 盐城 | 徐州 | 南通 | 连云港 | ||
| 省内炼油 企业 | 金陵石化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 扬子石化 | 2339.13 | 2000.23 | 2824.67 | 3656.52 | — | — | — | |
| 盛虹炼化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 省外炼油 企业 | 齐鲁石化 | — | — | — | — | 8893.47 | — | — |
| 上海石化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 高桥石化 | — | — | — | — | — | 1802.81 | — | |
| 青岛炼化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2141.41 |
Table 5 The differentiation of first distribution unit oil transportation cost of Sinopec Jiangsu's refined oil in 2017 (万元/t)表5 2017年中石化江苏成品油一次配送单位输油成本分异 |
| 单位输油成本 | 南京 | 镇江 | 常州 | 江阴 | 无锡 | 苏州 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 苏南苏北管网 | 金陵石化扬子石化 | 2.86 | 11.44 | 20.306 | 30.602 | 40.04 | 52.338 | |
| 金嘉杭管网 | 上海石化 | — | — | — | — | — | 18.447 | |
| 单位输油成本 | 南京 | 扬州 | 淮安 | 泰州 | 宿迁 | 盐城 | ||
| 苏南苏北管网 | 金陵石化扬子石化 | 2.86 | 14.014 | 23.595 | 24.453 | 38.467 | 40.755 | |
| 单位输油成本 | 徐州 | 南通 | 连云港 | |||||
| 鲁皖管网 | 齐鲁石化 | 64.493 | — | — | ||||
| 水路运输 | 高桥石化 | — | 11.5 | — | ||||
| 青岛炼化 | — | — | 25.35 | |||||
Table 6 The composition of optimal transportation cost for first distribution of Sinopec Jiangsu's refined oil (万元)表6 中石化江苏成品油一次配送优化运费构成 |
| 南京 | 镇江 | 常州 | 江阴 | 无锡 | 苏州 | 扬州 | 泰州 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 省内炼油 企业 | 金陵石化 | 110.52 | 869.80 | 2910.86 | 1346.18 | — | — | — | — |
| 扬子石化 | 135.23 | — | — | — | — | — | 1299.32 | 2339.13 | |
| 盛虹炼化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 省外炼油 企业 | 齐鲁石化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 上海石化 | — | — | — | — | 1978.53 | 2544.15 | — | — | |
| 高桥石化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 青岛炼化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 淮安 | 宿迁 | 盐城 | 新沂 | 徐州 | 南通 | 连云港 | — | ||
| 省内炼油 企业 | 金陵石化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 扬子石化 | 2000.29 | — | 3656.57 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 盛虹炼化 | — | 1869.11 | — | 634.92 | 3146 | — | 84.47 | — | |
| 省外炼油 企业 | 齐鲁石化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 上海石化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 高桥石化 | — | — | — | — | — | 1802.81 | — | — | |
| 青岛炼化 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Fig. 3 The optimization of spatial flow pattern of refined oil's first distribution in Jiangsu province图3 优化情境下江苏成品油一次配送空间优化格局 |
Table 7 Prediction of unit oil transportation cost differentiation of refined oil's first distribution in Jiangsu province under optimized situation (万元/t)表7 优化情境下石化江苏成品油一次配送单位输油成本分异预测 |
| 单位输油成本 | 南京 | 镇江 | 常州 | 江阴 | 无锡 | 苏州 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 苏南苏北管网 | 金陵石化扬子石化 | 2.86 | 11.44 | 20.306 | 30.602 | 40.04 | 52.338 |
| 金嘉杭管网 | 上海石化 | 67.925 | 59.345 | 50.479 | 40.183 | 30.745 | 18.447 |
| 单位输油成本 | 南京 | 扬州 | 泰州 | 淮安 | 宿迁 | 盐城 | |
| 苏南苏北管网 | 金陵石化扬子石化 | 2.86 | 14.014 | 24.453 | 23.595 | 38.467 | 40.755 |
| 连徐商管网 | 盛虹炼化 | 63.921 | 80.795 | 91.234 | 40.326 | 25.454 | 57.486 |
| 单位输油成本) | 徐州 | 新沂 | 连云港 | ||||
| 苏南苏北管网 | 金陵石化扬子石化 | 62.491 | 46.761 | 66.781 | |||
| 连徐商管网 | 盛虹炼化 | 31.46 | 17.16 | 4.29 | |||
| 单位输油成本 | 南通 | ||||||
| 水路运输 | 高桥石化 | 11.5 | |||||
Fig. 4 The geographical network structure of first distribution of refined oil图4 成品油一次配送地理网络结构 |
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PDF(1883 KB)
Table 1 Composition of refined oil costs of J refining enterprises of Jiangsu province in 2017
Fig. 1 The process of refined oil's first and second distributionsTable 2 Supply of refined oil and the number of petrol stations of different enterprises in Jiangsu province (as of the end of 2017)Fig. 2 Actual situation of Sinopec's first distribution of Jiangsu refined oil in 2017Table 3 Research data content and sources of Sinopec's first distribution of Jiangsu refined oilTable 4 The composition of actual transportation cost for first distribution of Sinopec Jiangsu's refined oil in 2017 (万元)Table 5 The differentiation of first distribution unit oil transportation cost of Sinopec Jiangsu's refined oil in 2017 (万元/t)Table 6 The composition of optimal transportation cost for first distribution of Sinopec Jiangsu's refined oil (万元)Fig. 3 The optimization of spatial flow pattern of refined oil's first distribution in Jiangsu provinceTable 7 Prediction of unit oil transportation cost differentiation of refined oil's first distribution in Jiangsu province under optimized situation (万元/t)Fig. 4 The geographical network structure of first distribution of refined oil/
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