Currently, global warming poses a serious threat to sustainable development of human society. Taking effective measures to promote adaptation to climate change are of strategic significance for the sustainable development of human society. Research shows that the main driving forces of global climate change are greenhouse gas emissions, and changes of land use/land cover. In the past, scientific communities mainly focused on how to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, however, the relationship between land use/land cover change and climate change as well as how to adapt to climate change did not arouse enough attention. This article discusses the biogeophysical impact of land use/land cover change on regional climate, summaries the research progress of their quantitative relationship, and finally points out that current studies pay less attention to: 1) the relationship between landscape pattern and climate processes; 2) impact of human activities on land surface biophysical characteristics; 3) limitations of regional climate models; and 4) adaptation to climate change from the view point of land system planning. In view of the existence of above questions, this article proposes that sustainable land system design is an effective way to promote climate change adaptation, and will be a key issue of future research.