Increasing production capacity, the core of the agricultural land consolidation, has risen to one of the most important strategies at the national level. Agricultural land consolidation is a comprehensive engineering including the land plots merging, reconstruction of farmland irrigation and drainage facilities as well as road system to improve the engineering and ecological shelterbelt. Agricultural land consolidation project implementation measures would inevitably lead to changes in land use characteristics of the project area, which directly led to changes in cropland production capacity.Hubei Province as the study area can be roughly divided into three different agricultural land consolidation regions, such as plain, hill and mountain, and the different types of land regions have different production abilities of agricultural land. Through the establishment of agricultural land consolidation affected production ability of agricultural land estimation model, the effect of the different types of plain, hill and mountain land consolidation on the production ability of agricultural land in Hubei Province was quantitatively evaluated, the results indicate that: 1) Different types of agricultural land have a positive impact on the production ability of agricultural land, mountains remediation of the production ability of agricultural land increased by 168.91%, hill increased by 57.78% and plain increased by 38.32%. 2) Agricultural land consolidation infrastructure elements of different types of land affected the production ability of agricultural land differently, plain remediation district infrastructure elements increased the maximum, being 78.62%; hill remediation of water resources elements increased the maximum, being 75.00%; mountain remediation infrastructure elements increased the maximum, being 199.12%. 3) In different agricultural land consolidation regions, the contribution rate of infrastructure elements in the production ability of agricultural land is the largest, and that of plots merge is the smallest. It is suggested that funding delivery of the national land consolidation and delineation of the key areas should be appropriate to increase the importance of the mountains and hill remediation, the project area should reasonably support the scattered village renovation projects, and try to avoid the ecological loss.