中国首批国家公园生态系统健康的时空动态及其对人类活动的响应
张娜(2000- ),女,甘肃西和人,硕士,研究方向为生态经济与区域发展。E-mail: zhangna260@126.com |
收稿日期: 2024-07-15
修回日期: 2025-01-08
网络出版日期: 2025-08-05
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42371313)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3800705)
Spatio-temporal dynamics of ecosystem health and its response to human activities in China's first batch of national parks
Received date: 2024-07-15
Revised date: 2025-01-08
Online published: 2025-08-05
国家公园体制是中国推进生态文明体制改革的关键举措,在加强生物多样性保护、提升生态环境质量、筑牢国家生态安全屏障方面发挥着核心作用。提高国家公园的生态系统健康水平不仅有利于维护生态安全,更有利于增进人类福祉。基于活力—组织力—恢复力(VOR)模型,在分析首批五个国家公园2000—2023年生态系统健康时空变化特征的基础上,探讨了人类活动对生态系统健康的影响。研究发现:(1)2000—2023年除武夷山国家公园生态系统健康水平略有下降外,其余四个国家公园生态系统健康水平总体呈上升趋势。其中,三江源国家公园生态系统健康水平增幅最大,东北虎豹国家公园最小;(2)三江源国家公园生态系统健康以中等水平区和较高水平区为主,而其余国家公园则以高水平区为主;(3)三江源国家公园生态系统健康水平呈“西北低东南高”的空间分布格局,其余国家公园生态系统健康水平呈“高扩低缩”的趋势;(4)人类活动对首批五个国家公园生态系统健康水平提升的抑制与促进作用并存,但抑制影响和抑制区占比逐渐降低。未来,国家公园管理尤其应关注易受人类活动影响区域的生态系统健康水平。
张娜 , 赵雪雁 . 中国首批国家公园生态系统健康的时空动态及其对人类活动的响应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2025 , 40(8) : 2134 -2151 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20250809
As a pivotal institutional innovation within China's ecological civilization reform, the national park system plays a critical role in enhancing biodiversity conservation, improving environmental quality, and safeguarding national ecological security. Enhancing ecosystem health in national parks contributes significantly to both ecological security and human well-being. Based on the Vitality-Organization-Resilience (VOR) model, this study explored the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of ecosystem vitality, ecosystem organization, ecosystem resilience and ecosystem health in the first batch of national parks from 2000 to 2023. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2023, except for the slight decrease in the ecosystem health level of Wuyishan National Park (WYM), the ecosystem health level of the other four national parks showed an overall upward trend. Among them, Sanjiangyuan National Park (SJY) showed the greatest increase in ecosystem health level, while Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park (NCTL) showed the smallest improvement. (2) The ecosystem health of SJY was dominated by medium and higher levels, while the rest of the national parks were dominated by high levels. (3) The ecosystem health level of SJY presented a spatial distribution pattern of "low in the northwest and high in the southeast", while that of the rest of the national parks showed a trend of "high expansion and low contraction". (4) Human activities exerted both inhibitory and facilitative effects on ecosystem health improvements across China's first batch of national parks. In the future, national parks management should pay particular attention to the level of ecosystem health in areas that are vulnerable to human activities.
Key words: national park; ecosystem health; VOR model; spatio-temporal patterns; human activity
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