以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设是贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想的重大举措，也是人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化的重要实践领域，因此受到生态学、地理学、经济学、法学、社会学等多学科关注。为协调自然保护地体系的人地关系和园地关系，推动中国自然保护地体系建设的理论创新、治理优化和法制保障升级，特邀自然保护地相关领域的8位专家开展访谈。访谈主要从中国式现代化、理论体系与方法创新、法制保障和国际履约四个方面，以中国自然保护地体系治理的理论认识和实践创新为核心，以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设的几个方面展开探讨：对复杂的人地关系、园地关系的认识及其复杂性应对策略；自然保护地体系的管理效率提升策略；中国自然保护地体系建设如何通过与重要国际公约履约任务挂钩彰显中国式现代化的优势；法制保障在协调人地关系、园地关系方面的创新性作用。综合各位专家主要观点，主要结论有：（1）以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设需要在维护国家生态安全、保障优质生态产品供给以及协调保护地与周边关系方面响应人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化互动的治理要求，才能实现“生态保护、绿色发展、民生改善”相统一；（2）协调好人地关系是推动国家公园治理现代化的关键，需着眼于人地关系、园地关系和跨省协同这三个核心问题，把中国国家公园治理模式界定为“基于央地协同的整合治理”，通过有效的机制设计形成“激励相容”；（3）自然保护地的生态保护与社区发展相协同，需要进一步研究生物多样性对人类社会的重要作用，基于自然的解决方案有利于形成保护地的包容性治理；（4）构建统一规范高效的国家公园体制，需要健全统筹推进国家公园体制改革的领导体制和工作机制，形成园地利益共同体，加深园地融合程度；（5）发展新质生产力是处理人地关系和园地关系的必要之举，主要依靠市场经济形成的人与自然和谐共生模式，不仅能够体现中国式现代化的特色，也能助力《生物多样性公约》要求的生物多样性工作主流化，形成具有国际普适性的履约机制；（6）破解“人地约束”难题，妥善处理“园地关系”，需要从上到下的国家公园法制保障体系规范，并为自然资源的规范利用保驾护航；（7）共建“一带一路”倡议与建设生态文明相辅相成，中国的自然保护地体系在全球履约中能够帮助全球南方实现保护与发展的并重，为构建人类生态命运共同体贡献中国智慧。

The construction of nature reserve system with national parks as the main body is a major initiative to implement the idea of ecological civilization, and an important practice area for Chinese modernization of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature, and thus has received multidisciplinary attention from ecology, geography, economics, law, sociology and other disciplines. In order to coordinate the human-land relationship and garden-land relationship of the nature reserve system, and to promote the theoretical innovation, governance optimization and upgrading of the legal system guarantee in the construction of China's nature reserve system, we have invited eight experts in the nature reserve related fields to carry out interviews. The interviews focused on four aspects, namely, Chinese modernization, innovation of theoretical system and methods, legal system guarantee and international compliance, with the theoretical understanding and practical innovation of the governance of China's nature reserve system as the core, and explored several aspects of the construction of the nature reserve system with national parks as the main body: the understanding of the complex human-land and garden-land relations and its complexity coping strategy; the management efficiency of the nature reserve system; the strategy of improving the management efficiency of the nature reserve system; how the construction of China's nature reserve system can demonstrate the advantages of Chinese modernization by linking it with the implementation tasks of important international conventions; and the innovative role of the legal system in coordinating the relationship between people and land, and the relationship between parks and the land. Summarizing the main views of the experts, we can draw the main conclusions: (1) The construction of the nature reserve system, with national parks as the main body, needs to respond to the governance requirements of the Chinese modernization of the interaction between human beings and nature, which is a harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature, in the aspects of maintaining national ecological security, guaranteeing the supply of high-quality ecological products, as well as coordinating the relationship between the reserves and their surroundings, in order to achieve the unity of "ecological protection, green development and improvement of people's livelihoods". (2) Coordinating the relationship between people and land is the key to promoting the modernization of the governance of national parks, focusing on the three core issues of the relationship between people and land, the relationship between parks and land and the synergy of the inter-provincial level, and defining China's national parks governance model as "integrated governance based on the synergy between the central government and the local governments", and through the design of effective mechanisms. (3) The synergy between ecological protection and community development in nature reserves requires further research on the important role of biodiversity in human society, and Nature-based Solutions are conducive to the formation of inclusive governance in protected areas. (4) The construction of a unified, standardized, and efficient national parks system requires the improvement of the leadership system and the development of a system for promoting the reform of the national parks system in a coordinated manner, leadership system and working mechanism for the reform of the national park system, forming a community of interests in the park and deepening the degree of integration between the park and the land. (5) The development of new quality productive forces is necessary to deal with the relationship between people and the land and the relationship between the park and the land, and the model of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature that relies mainly on the market economy not only embodies the characteristics of the Chinese modernization, but also contributes to the mainstreaming of the work of the Convention on Biological Diversity in the work on biodiversity, and the formation of an internationally applicable model of biodiversity. (6) Cracking the problem of "human-land constraints" and properly handling the "park-land relationship" requires a top-to-bottom legal system to regulate national parks and escort the standardized use of natural resources. (7) The Belt and Road Initiative and the construction of ecological civilization complement each other, and China's nature reserve system can help the Global South to realize the equal importance of protection and development in global compliance, and provide Chinese wisdom for the construction of a community of ecological destiny for mankind.