建构田园牧歌:旅游发展背景下的地方推广与乡村消费研究
陈品宇(1991- ),男,广西玉林人,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为旅游与社会文化地理、乡村地理。E-mail: pychen66@suda.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-10-16
修回日期: 2024-02-27
网络出版日期: 2024-08-16
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42271244)
国家社会科学基金项目(23BGL168)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(23YJCZH017)
For the rural idyll: Tourism, place promotion and rural consumption
Received date: 2023-10-16
Revised date: 2024-02-27
Online published: 2024-08-16
地方推广是提升地方吸引力和竞争力的重要路径,但已有研究集中在城市场域,且较少评估地方推广的效应。在批判性地审视地方推广、乡村性和消费乡村等关联性文献的基础上,借助旅游循环理论建立一个分析框架,并以黄山市西溪南村古村落的网红化推广为个案,探讨乡村旅游地的地方形象建构与传播过程以及游客的感知与反馈。研究发现:当地政府利用了枫杨林的生态环境优势,通过对自然景观的改造以及特定的话语建构,描绘了“绿野仙踪”的乡村形象,营销富有浪漫主义色彩的地方神话。对游客的具身消费分析进一步发现,游客的消费行为、感受符合当地政府所建构的田园牧歌乡村性的设定,并在身体感官、认知和情感上表现出相应的细致特征,但也不局限于先前地方推广话语的范畴。在地方推广成功的前提下,游客的能动性能够反馈到下一轮的旅游生产,从而强化先前建立起来的旅游景观话语的表征。研究在理论上有助于推进地方推广与地方营销的学术争论,也进一步推动了旅游循环的框架发展,在实践上可为乡村旅游营销以及旅游体验营造提供借鉴。
陈品宇 , 赵弋徵 , 陶汝聿 , 孔翔 . 建构田园牧歌:旅游发展背景下的地方推广与乡村消费研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2024 , 39(8) : 1956 -1973 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20240813
Place promotion plays an important role in enhancing the attractiveness and competitiveness of a place. The existing studies, however, have focused on the field of urban areas and small towns, and relatively little attention has been paid to the rural areas, especially in promoting the rural nature rather than the historical and cultural heritage. In addition, limited scholarship has investigated the evaluation of place promotion, increasingly making a call to examine the circuit of production and consumption of place image in the actions of place promotion. Taking Xixinan village in Huangshan city, China as a case study, this paper thus comprehensively uses qualitative methods to analyze the construction and communication of place image in such a rural tourism destination, as well as tourists' perception, consumption and feedback of the projected place image. It is found that the local government, centered on the natural landscape of the maple poplar forest, takes advantage of the local ecological environment to construct the image of the 'Wizard of Oz' and actively promote it, marketing it as a romantic place myth. Essentially, the place image of 'The Wizard of Oz' is a version of rural idyll, in which such seductive place promotion caters to people's escape from urban modernity, as well as nostalgia for the countryside. Through the analysis of embodied consumption, it is further found that tourists' consumption behavior and feelings are in line with the setting of rural idyll constructed by the local government, and they show corresponding nuanced characteristics in physical sense, cognition and emotion. Meanwhile, it is also argued that it is not limited to the scope of the previous discourse of place promotion. Tourists' embodied experience reveals their positivity and agency, making sense in the construction of their subjective meaning and the consumption of place. Under the premise of successful place promotion, tourists' rural consumption behavior is able to be fed back to the next round of tourism production, further shaping the rurality of the 'Wizard of Oz' in Xixinan village. By doing so, the consumption of tourists reinforces the representation of the previously established tourist landscape discourse. This paper contributes to the academic debate of 'clarifying the conceptual confusion between place promotion and place marketing and advancing relevant empirical research'. Further, it advances the empirical research agenda of 'circuits of tourism' proposed by Irena Ateljevic by placing the geographical process of this framework in a rural context, and discussing the production and consumption of tourism on the rurality. In practice, this paper provides planning guidance for rural tourism marketing and tourism experience creation.
Key words: place promotion; rurality; rural idyll; place image; consumption; embodiment; circuits of tourism
表1 游客在西溪南村的消费感受Table 1 Tourists' consumption experience in Xixinan village |
情感类型 | 情感类别 | 自由节点 | 频率/次 | 占比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
积极 | 惊奇的 | 给人惊喜的 | 5 | 10.6 |
惊叹的 | 1 | 2.1 | ||
放松的 | 好玩的 | 4 | 8.5 | |
安静的 | 4 | 8.5 | ||
愉悦的 | 满意的 | 16 | 34.1 | |
喜爱的 | 10 | 21.3 | ||
中性 | 平静的 | 平常心打卡 | 7 | 14.9 |
消极 | 困倦的 | 无聊的 | 0 | 0 |
不快的 | 讨厌的 |
注:根据马蜂窝(www.mafengwo.cn)游记文本整理。 |
表2 游客在西溪南村的消费活动Table 2 Tourists' consumption activities in Xixinan village |
乡村消费方式 | 乡村活动 |
---|---|
凝视(视觉) | 观光;摄影;闲坐凝望 |
触摸(触觉) | 购物;触摸徽派建筑和枫杨林;在湿地和古村水系亲水 |
品尝(味觉) | 品茶、野果泡酒;吃徽菜;尝西溪南村土特产 |
声景(听觉) | 倾听溪流、蜂鸣、鸟叫、鸡啼等乡村声音景观;乡村音乐;在宁静中冥思 |
味景(嗅觉) | 呼吸枫杨林负离子、清新的空气;嗅到花香、稻香和乡土气息 |
注:根据实地调研整理。 |
表3 西溪南村举办的徽州市集活动Table 3 The Huizhou-style rural fair held in Xixinan village |
市集类型 | 展销内容 |
---|---|
非遗民俗 | 非遗产品、民俗产品、基于传统开发的文创产品 |
原创手作 | 原创的陶瓷、玻璃、皮质、纸质、木制等有创意的手作 |
游玩体验 | 射艺、摄影、DIY等体验项目 |
农特产品 | 茶叶、蜂蜜、鲜花、果蔬等 |
特色美食 | 米酒、徽州特色美食、烧烤等 |
特殊类别 | 摊主发起的品牌特展、交流活动、文艺表演、游行等 |
文化活动 | 扎草龙和舞草龙、放河灯、鱼灯等;民谣、古琴等表演;艺术展览;汉服秀;青年文化活动论坛 |
注:根据官方提供的资料整理。 |
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
林明水, 胡晓鹏, 杨勇, 等. 流量经济对旅游资源创新性开发的影响: 热反应与冷思考. 自然资源学报, 2023, 38(9): 2237-2262.
[
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
蔡晓梅, 寸露, 朱竑. 自我东方主义? 丽江旅游形象的想象与建构. 旅游学刊, 2018, 33(9): 26-37.
[
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
黄震方, 张圆刚, 贾文通, 等. 中国乡村旅游研究历程与新时代发展趋向. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(10): 2615-2633.
[
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
|
[30] |
吴俊, 唐代剑. 旅游体验研究的新视角: 具身理论. 旅游学刊, 2018, 33(1): 118-125.
[
|
[31] |
樊友猛, 谢彦君. 旅游体验研究的具身范式. 旅游学刊, 2019, 34(11): 17-28.
[
|
[32] |
|
[33] |
曾丽, 高权, 陈晓亮. 游客具身体验视角下传统乡村旅游地的地方重构: 婺源案例. 旅游学刊, 2021, 36(11): 69-79.
[
|
[34] |
|
[35] |
|
[36] |
|
[37] |
|
[38] |
|
[39] |
|
[40] |
|
[41] |
|
[42] |
|
[43] |
|
[44] |
|
[45] |
|
[46] |
朱竑, 蔡晓梅, 苏晓波, 等. “晒”与“赞”: 微信时代旅游体验的互动建构. 旅游学刊, 2020, 35(10): 96-108.
[
|
[47] |
|
[48] |
|
[49] |
马凌. 旅游中的文化生产与文化消费. 旅游学刊, 2020, 35(3): 9-11.
[
|
[50] |
|
[51] |
|
[52] |
孙九霞, 吴传龙, 凌玲. 旅游地特色饮食的地方化: 丽江三文鱼的生产与消费. 南开管理评论, 2018, 21(2): 182-191.
[
|
[53] |
|
[54] |
|
[55] |
|
[56] |
|
[57] |
|
[58] |
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |