面向乡村振兴的中国传统村落保护与利用:挑战与展望
其他作者为共同第二作者。
程叶青(1976- ),男,湖南武冈人,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为乡村发展与城乡融合、经济地理与区域规划。E-mail: 34794249@qq.com。 |
收稿日期: 2024-07-04
修回日期: 2024-07-21
网络出版日期: 2024-08-16
基金资助
国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA161)
国家自然科学基金项目(41661028)
国家自然科学基金项目(42261054)
Protection and utilization of the traditional villages of China in the context of rural revitalization: Challenges and prospects
Received date: 2024-07-04
Revised date: 2024-07-21
Online published: 2024-08-16
传统村落保护与利用既是实现中国乡村振兴与中国式现代化的重大实践问题,也是地理学、社会学、规划学、经济学等多学科关注和融合交叉研究的热点议题。为系统探索中国传统村落保护与利用的理论认知、政策机制、实践经验和实现路径,特邀传统村落相关研究领域的11位专家开展访谈。访谈主要从政策变迁与典型模式、宏观机制与核心主题、理论认知与实践路径三个视角,以中国传统村落保护与利用的理论认知到具体空间实践为主线,聚焦政策变迁、机制机理、经验模式、村落分类、产业转型、景观保护、有机更新、活态化、价值实现、主体驱动、空间治理和地方性等核心主体及其前沿性理论和实践问题进行深入对话。结合各位专家主要观点,新时期中国传统村落保护与利用需重点关注:(1)面向快速城镇化与现代化冲击的中国传统村落保护与利用的机制体制创新与实现路径。针对中国传统村落面临的现代文明与农耕文明的冲突和面向国家乡村振兴与中国式现代化的重大战略需求,需采用“自上而下”和“自下而上”相结合的方式,构建多元主体参与、农文旅有机融合和全面统筹协调的多元融合机制,通过挖掘传统村落内生增长因素和传统村落历史传承和文脉肌理、发挥村民主体作用、重塑传统村落公共文化空间体系和全方位数字孪生建模等,打造符合现代化发展与生态文明建设的人居环境和协同共建文化图谱。(2)面向乡村振兴与中国式现代化发展的中国传统村落保护与利用的核心主题与具体空间实践。聚焦传统村落分类施策、产业转型、有机更新、景观保护、活态化、价值实现、主体驱动、空间治理和地方性重构等核心主题,强化基于“生计、水、粮食、能源、土地”等关键要素耦合的传统村落划分及分类施策;关注传统村落产业转型时间维度、空间维度和属性维度的意义内涵及影响机制;重点围绕“保护发展对策、改善民生措施、活化利用策略”三大任务推进传统聚落有机更新;重视传统人居文化景观基因保护与内在精神价值挖掘和传统居住空间“活态”保护与利用及传统文化遗产“活化”;关注传统村落活态多样化,推进“共建共治共享”和美乡村建设;重视自然非人类要素和人类作为传统村落空间秩序建构和地方营造的重要作用及其能动性实践;关注传统文化底蕴挖掘和集约高效物质空间、塑造和谐舒适社会空间与保护传承传统文化空间打造;聚焦“生态、文化、主体、产业”等乡村要素,强化生态底色、传承发展地方文化和平衡地方、跨地方主体间的资本优势和地方性嵌入,以实现中国传统村落地方性重构和特色重塑。
程叶青 , 胡守庚 , 杨忍 , 陶伟 , 李红波 , 李伯华 , 刘沛林 , 魏峰群 , 郭文 , 唐承财 , 顾康康 , 唐雪琼 . 面向乡村振兴的中国传统村落保护与利用:挑战与展望[J]. 自然资源学报, 2024 , 39(8) : 1735 -1759 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20240801
The protection and utilization of traditional villages is not only a major practical issue to realize China's rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, but also a hot topic in the integration and cross-research of geography, sociology, planning, economics and other disciplines. In order to systematically explore the theoretical cognition, practical problems, system mechanism, practical experience and effective path of the protection and utilization of traditional villages in China, 11 experts in the research field of traditional villages were invited to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on the classification of Chinese traditional villages from three perspectives: policy change and typical model, macro mechanism and core theme, theoretical cognition and practical path, and focuses on specific practices such as industrial integration, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality, based on the theoretical understanding of the macro system and mechanism for the protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages. Advanced theoretical and practical issues such as industrial integration, landscape protection, organic renewal, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality were discussed in depth. According to the main views of the experts, the protection and utilization of China's traditional villages in the new era should focus on: (1) The main problems of protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages facing the impact of rapid urbanization and modernization, the innovation of mechanism and system, and the realization path. In view of the conflict between modern civilization and agricultural civilization faced by traditional Chinese villages and the major strategic needs for national rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, the combination of "top-down" and "bottom-up" is adopted to build a diversified integration mechanism featuring multi-subject participation, organic integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, and overall coordination. By exploring the endogenous growth factors of traditional villages and the historical inheritance and cultural context of traditional villages, strengthening the leadership of rural grassroots party building, giving play to the role of villagers as the main body, reshaping the public cultural space system of traditional villages and all-round digital twin modeling, etc., we will create a living environment that is in line with modernization development and ecological civilization construction and jointly build a cultural map, to realize the transformation of traditional Chinese villages from "vegetable gardens" and "back gardens" to "spiritual homes". (2) Core themes and specific spatial practices of protection and utilization of traditional Chinese villages for rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization. Focus on the core themes of traditional village classification, industrial integration, organic renewal, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and local reconstruction, and strengthen the classification and classification of traditional villages based on the coupling of key factors such as "livelihood, water, food, energy and land"; focus on the significance, connotation and influence mechanism of the time dimension, space dimension and attribute dimension of traditional village industrial transformation; focus on the three tasks of "protection and development countermeasures, measures to improve people's livelihood, and strategies to activate utilization" to promote the organic renewal of traditional settlements; emphasis should be placed on the gene protection and inner spiritual value mining of traditional human settlement cultural landscape, the "living" protection and utilization of traditional living space and the "activation" of traditional cultural heritage; focus on the diversification of traditional village activities, "co-construction, co-governance and sharing" and the construction of beautiful villages; the importance of natural non-human elements and human beings as spatial order construction and place construction of traditional villages and their active practice are emphasized to promote the realization of multi-functionality and multi-value of traditional villages. Pay attention to the excavation of traditional cultural heritage and intensive and efficient material space, create a harmonious and comfortable social space and protect and inherit traditional culture space; focusing on rural elements such as "ecology, culture, subject, and industry", strengthening ecological background, inheriting and developing local culture, balancing capital advantages and local embeddedness among local and cross-local subjects, so as to realize local reconstruction and characteristic remodeling of traditional Chinese villages.
感谢北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院硕士生王柒柒、南京师范大学地理科学学院胡晓亮博士、中国地质大学(武汉)博士生熊若仪、华南师范大学地理科学学院硕士生史廷喜等对访谈相关内容撰写的贡献。
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