新时代中国城乡融合发展:挑战与路径
金晓斌(1974- ),男,甘肃兰州人,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为土地管理与城乡发展、耕地保护与粮食安全、土地利用与国土整治。E-mail: jinxb@nju.edu.cn。其他作者为共同第二作者。 |
收稿日期: 2023-09-04
修回日期: 2023-11-10
网络出版日期: 2024-01-16
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42271259)
国家自然科学基金项目(42001225)
Urban-rural integrated development in China in the New Era: Challenges and paths
Received date: 2023-09-04
Revised date: 2023-11-10
Online published: 2024-01-16
城乡融合发展是统筹推进新型城镇化和乡村振兴两大国家战略的重要途径,也是实现中国式现代化建设目标的重大现实需求。为全面认识当前中国城乡融合发展面临的主要挑战,探寻城乡协同治理的路径,明晰城乡融合发展的策略,特邀请来自不同领域的相关专家就新时代中国城乡融合发展的态势与路径、城乡融合发展的体制机制创新、国土空间规划实施路径、乡村聚落重构、乡村新业态发展、数字技术驱动乡村转型、不同区域城乡高质量融合发展路径以及全域土地综合整治助推城乡融合发展的路径等前沿问题进行笔谈,以期推动中国城乡融合发展的理论研究与规划实践。新时代城乡融合发展需要关注:(1)全局统筹与区域联动导向下城乡融合发展体制机制的主要壁垒与创新路径。构建城乡有效衔接和互补的基础设施与公共服务体系,以县域为载体加快城乡联动发展,推动流动人口的弹性治理和城乡自然社会统筹治理。推动跨界治理,鼓励东西部地区帮扶协作,实现区域尺度的城乡协同发展。中西部欠发达地区要强化县域及小城镇的联动作用,增强人才、技术、资本流入的吸引力,推动产业结构向数字化、智能化、低碳化转型;东部发达地区要构建多点支撑、网络布局、层次分明的空间结构体系,拓展城乡要素流动的广度与精度,推动传统基础设施、公共服务转型升级和普惠发展。(2)国土空间“规划—利用—整治”驱动下优化配置资源要素实现城乡共治和乡村重构。通过国土空间规划锚定城乡发展空间格局,由规划实施落实城乡空间布局优化,通过空间有机更新提升空间品质,驱动不同要素在城乡之间双向流动。重点关注乡村功能供给水平、资源利用方向和产业发展模式,挖掘乡村生产、生活、生态、景观等复合功能,探索区域适配、特色凸显、高效增益的产业融合发展模式,增强农业农村发展活力。强化全域土地综合整治政策引领作用,鼓励和支持社会资本积极参与整治,推动资源要素整合和价值提升,加强城乡产业互动、一体化发展,促进城乡资源要素有序流动。(3)数字技术和智能化平台支撑下城乡治理精细化和乡村转型发展的认知提升与实践创新。建立城乡数据共享平台,破解城乡融合的“数字鸿沟”,实现城乡治理精细化。深度应用5G、物联网、人工智能等技术,支持传统基础设施转型升级,加强农村基础设施数字设备的覆盖面,利用数字技术整合城乡文化资源。促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合,通过互联网、数字技术对接消费市场,打通多元化的农产品上行渠道,刺激城乡居民消费转型和消费能力提升。将数字技术植入乡村产业发展和社会治理全过程,推动农业生产智慧化、乡村产业发展数字化、乡村政务智能化和乡村社会治理数字网格化。以上观点可为面向中国式现代化的城乡融合发展目标的实现提供理论支撑和决策依据。
金晓斌 , 叶超 , 岳文泽 , 马利邦 , 罗震东 , 杨忍 , 吕晓 , 王成 , 李传武 , 张国俊 , 范业婷 . 新时代中国城乡融合发展:挑战与路径[J]. 自然资源学报, 2024 , 39(1) : 1 -28 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20240101
Urban-rural integrated development is an important way to coordinate the national strategies of new urbanization and rural revitalization. It is also crucial for Chinese-style modernization. To comprehensively tackle challenges facing the current urban-rural integration in China, explore the path of coordinated urban-rural governance, and clarify the strategies for urban-rural integrated development, experts from various fields were cordially invited to engage in in-depth discussions on pressing issues related to urban-rural iintegrated development. These issues include the trends and pathways of urban-rural integration in contemporary China, Innovation of institutions and mechanisms for urban-rural integration, implementation pathways for territorial spatial planning, emerging rural business models and rural transformation pathways, high-quality development pathways for urban-rural integration in different regions, and the path of promoting urban-rural integrated development through comprehensive land consolidation. These discussions aimed to advance theoretical research and practical planning of urban-rural integrated development in China. Attentions need to be paid in urban-rural integrated development in the New Era on: (1) The primary obstacles and innovative pathways in the institutions and mechanisms of urban-rural integrated development guided by comprehensive coordination and regional interconnectivity. Constructing an infrastructure and public service system that effectively connects and complements urban and rural areas, accelerating the coordinated development of urban and rural areas using counties as the carrier, and promoting the flexible governance of this population while concurrently achieving integrated governance of urban-rural natural and social system. Promoting cross-border governance, encouraging cooperation and assistance between eastern and western regions, and achieving regional-scale coordinated development between urban and rural areas. Underdeveloped regions in both Central and Western China should strengthen the linkage role of counties and small towns. This involves enhancing their attractiveness for the inflow of talent, technology, and capital, and driving the transformation of industrial structures towards digitization, intelligence, and low. In contrast, developed regions in the Eastern China should establish a spatial structure system with multiple focal points, network layout, and clear hierarchies. They should expand the breadth and precision of urban-rural factor mobility, and promote the transformation and upgrade of traditional infrastructure and public services, aiming for inclusive development. (2) Optimizing the allocation of resource elements driven by the "planning-utilization-consolidation" cycle in territorial spatial management to achieve shared urban-rural governance and rural reconstruction. Anchoring the spatial pattern of urban and rural development through territorial spatial planning, optimizing the urban-rural spatial layout during planning implementation. Ultimately, improving the spatial quality organic renewal and driving bidirectional flows of diverse elements between urban and rural regions. Place emphasis on rural functional provision, resource utilization orientation, and industrial development models, uncovering multifaceted rural functions including production, lifestyle, ecology, and landscapes. Exploring regionally adapted industrial integration models that enhance agricultural and rural development vitality through distinctive features and high efficiency gains. We also should enhance the leading role of comprehensive land consolidation policies, incentivize and support active private capital involvement, promote resource integration and value enhancement. Strengthening urban-rural industrial synergy and integrated development, and facilitating the orderly flow of urban-rural resource elements. (3) Enhanced awareness and innovative practices in targeted urban-rural governance and rural transformation supported by digital technology and intelligent platforms. Establishing an urban-rural data sharing platform helps bridge the "digital divide" in urban-rural integrated development and enables refined governance across urban and rural areas. Deeply apply the technologies like 5G, Internet of Things (IoT) to support the transformation and upgrade of conventional infrastructure. Expanding the coverage of digital devices in rural basic facilities, and utilizing digital technology to integrate cultural resources across urban and rural areas. Promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the physical economy involves linking consumer markets through the internet and digital technology, establishing diverse channels for agricultural product distribution, and stimulating the transformation of consumption patterns and the enhancement of consumption capabilities for both urban and rural residents. Embedding digital technology into rural industry development and social governance processes to facilitate the intelligent transformation of agricultural production, digitalization of rural industry development, smartification of rural administrative affairs, and establishment of a digital grid for rural social governance. The aforementioned viewpoints can provide theoretical support and decision-making foundations for achieving the goal of urban-rural integrated development oriented towards Chinese-style modernization.
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