考虑基础设施中断的暴雨灾害社会影响研究——基于公众视角的情感与行为演化分析
万欣(1985- ),女,吉林通化人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为城市韧性及灾害风险管理。 E-mail: wanxin@hhu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-03-20
修回日期: 2023-08-14
网络出版日期: 2023-11-06
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(71802071)
国家自然科学基金项目(71901120)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJCZH166)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(B230207062)
Research on social impacts of rainstorm disaster considering infrastructure disruption: An analysis of sentimental and behavioral evolution from a public perspective
Received date: 2023-03-20
Revised date: 2023-08-14
Online published: 2023-11-06
利用舆情大数据探究暴雨灾害的多样化社会影响,为城市水灾害管理提供了新的研究视角。构建暴雨灾害社会影响分析框架,采集“郑州暴雨”事件中与基础设施相关的微博数据,分别运用基于词典的情感分析方法和随机森林机器学习模型,探究细粒度情感以及人与设施多种响应行为随灾情进展的演化特征。结果表明:灾前悲哀和愤怒是主导消极情绪,而灾中恐惧占主导,应及时公开灾情焦点信息,疏导高唤醒消极情绪;公众对设施中断的感知体现了级联失效关系,加强建成区积水点改造和新区交通与排水设施配套设计是关键;灾中公众对各类设施修复感知存在时滞性,应加强重点设施灾前联合防护,避免关键路段积水断行;灾前政府救助准备不足,导致公众负向行为较多,应提升基层重大风险决策与处置能力。研究结果可为防洪减灾制度及政策优化提供有益参考,有助于提升政府水灾害管理水平。
万欣 , 丁欣宇 , 张天天 , 李灵芝 . 考虑基础设施中断的暴雨灾害社会影响研究——基于公众视角的情感与行为演化分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2023 , 38(11) : 2919 -2932 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20231115
Leveraging public opinion big data to explore diverse social impacts of rainstorm and flood disasters provides a new research perspective to the management of urban water disaster emergencies. A social impact analysis framework of rainstorm disaster was established, upon which the microblog data related to critical infrastructure in the case of "Zhengzhou Rainstorm" were collected and analyzed by using lexicon-based sentiment analysis and random forest machine learning model. Thus, the evolution characteristics of fine-grained sentiments and multiple response behaviors of people and facilities were examined throughout the disaster from sentimental and behavioral dimensions. Correspondingly, the recommendations for flood control policy-making were put forward. The results show that sadness and anger were leading negative emotions before the disaster, while fear dominated during the disaster. Hence, the timely disclosure of disaster situation focus information can provide positive guidance for high arousal negative emotions. Meanwhile, the dissemination of disaster prevention knowledge is essential to enhance the public's capacity for disaster response. Public perception towards infrastructure disruption is reflected in the cascading failure relationships between diverse facilities, highlighting the criticality of water supply facilities and their sensitivity to transportation services. A key step in addressing this concern is to improve the modification of waterlogging hotspots in urban areas and the coordinated design of transportation and drainage facilities in newly-developed regions. It was also found that the restorations of facilities, such as transportation, were perceivable by the public both before and after the disaster; however there existed a time lag during the disaster. Therefore, pre-disaster joint protection of critical facilities should be reinforced to prevent waterlogging and disruption on key road sections. Moreover, the evident inadequate pre-disaster aid preparation of governments resulted in considerable negative public behaviors during this phase. Consequently, the linkage mechanism between meteorological warning and emergency response must be strengthened, while the decision-making and disposal capacity of grassroots-level governments regarding significant risks needs to be improved. This study contributes to the body of literature on disaster management and infrastructure management. The findings are beneficial to enhancing the government's capacity for water disaster management and water security by providing valuable references for optimizing flood control and disaster reduction systems and policies.
表1 基础设施分类关键词Table 1 Keywords of infrastructure classification |
基础设施类型 | 关键词 |
---|---|
给排水设施 | 无水、停水、没水、断水、供水、有水、水力、积水、排水、污水、内涝、淹、漫过、蹚 |
交通设施 | 地铁、*号线、马路、路面、道路、堵塞、高架、高速、桥、隧道、公交、停运、站台、交通 |
电力设施 | 停电、断电、没电、无电、来电、有电、供电、用电、电线、电缆、触电、漏电、电力 |
通讯设施 | 断网、没网、断联、关机、有网、通讯、信号、邮政、快递、物流 |
表2 情感分类与含义Table 2 Classifications and meanings of sentiments |
情感类别 | 含义界定 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
积极 | 对基础设施服务水平和相关部门救灾措施的满意、获救后的喜悦、公众祈福祝愿、团结一致等正向情绪 | “防汛抢险守一线乘风破浪保供电” “河南幼儿园开铲车护送孩子过积水”等 |
愤怒 | 对基础设施服务水平的不满、对相关部门不作为的贬责、对他人利己行为的憎恶等情绪 | “公司停电了老板不让走” “气象部门为什么没有提前通知”等 |
悲哀 | 对灾情发展无能为力的内疚、对救灾人员的心疼、对受灾者的担忧、对遇难者的悲伤思念、对基础设施服务的失望等情绪 | “家乡受灾我却在外地读书帮不上忙” “郑州地铁昨天有12人遇难,他们只是下班回家而已,却再也回不去了”等 |
恐惧 | 对突发灾害以及未知情况的慌乱、害怕等情绪 | “屋里停电了外面雨好大一直有巨响” “多户人家出现塌方多人受伤一人死亡”等 |
表4 情感分析精度检验结果Table 4 Test results of the accuracy of sentiment analysis (%) |
情感类别 | Precision | Recall | F-Measure |
---|---|---|---|
积极 | 85.83 | 85.12 | 85.47 |
愤怒 | 90.76 | 87.01 | 88.85 |
悲哀 | 93.08 | 80.87 | 86.55 |
恐惧 | 76.19 | 85.41 | 80.54 |
表5 响应行为分类与含义Table 5 Classifications and meanings of the response behaviors |
行为类别 | 含义界定 | 具体表现 |
---|---|---|
基础设施 中断行为 | 基础设施所呈现的故障和中断等状态的行为 | 给排水:停水、积水、溢洪道、管网堵塞等 交通:路面塌陷、道岔故障、路基冲毁、列车停运等 电力:供配电设施损坏、备用电源失效、区域断电等 通讯:通信设施损坏、信号中断、防汛专用通信网络缺失等 |
基础设施 修复行为 | 基础设施灾前接受巡检与排查、灾中和灾后的故障排除与恢复正常运行等行为 | 给排水:水位监测、积水抽排、清淤、封堵河道缺口、应急供水等 交通:路段排查、道路封闭、抢通作业、复轨、交通疏导、道路畅通等 电力:缆线加固、设备巡检、电缆抢修、临时供电、电力恢复等 通讯:缆线加固、设备巡检、基站抢修、建立应急通讯平台、调度应急通信设备、信号恢复等 |
政府救助行为 | 政府对受灾群众采取的转移、救援、安置等行为 | 灾前避险转移与避险知识宣传,灾中搜寻营救、医疗救治与生活保障,灾后安置与心理抚慰等 |
公众行为 | 公众之间利他或利己的人际互动以及反映灾害对其生产生活造成影响的行为 | 求助、互助、传谣等 |
表6 不同机器学习模型精度比较Table 6 Accuracy comparison of different machine learning models (%) |
机器学习模型 | Precision | Recall | F-Measure | |
---|---|---|---|---|
所用模型 | 随机森林 | 82.95 | 82.88 | 82.88 |
基准模型 | 支持向量机 多元逻辑回归 决策树 朴素贝叶斯 K近邻 | 78.84 77.20 75.69 68.30 80.36 | 78.56 77.19 75.81 66.94 80.13 | 78.54 77.15 75.72 66.66 80.09 |
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