地震对三江源国家公园生态环境的影响机制与损失评估
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殷成龙(1995-),男,山东潍坊人,博士研究生,研究方向为土地变化与自然灾害风险。E-mail: yinchenglong95@163.com |
收稿日期: 2022-09-05
修回日期: 2023-02-07
网络出版日期: 2023-06-09
基金资助
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0906)
国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC1503001)
Mechanism and damage assessment of the impact of earthquakes on the ecological environment of Sanjiangyuan National Park
Received date: 2022-09-05
Revised date: 2023-02-07
Online published: 2023-06-09
国家公园是中国生态文明建设的重要内容,是推进自然生态和生物多样性保护的切实行动。然而,自然灾害是影响国家公园建设和可持续发展的重要因素。三江源地区是中国重要的生态屏障,生态环境极为脆弱、敏感,自我调节和修复能力差,一旦破坏,极难恢复。三江源地区地震及其次生灾害频发,对生态环境影响深远。为系统评估地震对三江源国家公园生态环境的影响,在近年来青藏高原多次地震灾害评估的基础上,构建了地震灾害对三江源国家公园生态环境直接和间接影响的评估框架。基于此框架,以2021年青海玛多地震为例,通过实地调查、基于遥感和GIS等方法,综合评估了地震对三江源国家公园生态系统与生态基础设施的影响以及生态系统服务价值损失,并在此基础上提出了构建地震对国家公园生态环境影响评估平台的建设思路。结果表明:地震严重损害了三江源国家公园的生态管护设施和冰川、冻土、植被、地表、水系等生态系统要素的结构稳定性,导致区域生态系统的功能受到破坏;地震发生当年导致的生态系统服务价值损失达1492.67亿元,远超116.95亿元的直接经济损失。本文提出的评估框架及平台构建思路,可为评估未来地震对三江源乃至整个青藏高原地区国家公园的生态环境影响提供参考。
殷成龙 , 周强 , 刘峰贵 , 陈睿山 , 孟飞 . 地震对三江源国家公园生态环境的影响机制与损失评估[J]. 自然资源学报, 2023 , 38(6) : 1588 -1601 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20230613
National parks are an important part of the construction of ecological civilization in China, and a practical action to promote natural ecological protection and protect biodiversity. However, natural disasters are an important factor affecting the construction and sustainable development of national parks. The Sanjiangyuan region is an important ecological barrier in China, and the ecological environment is extremely fragile and sensitive. It has poor self-regulation and repair capacity and once damaged, it is extremely difficult to recover. The frequent occurrence of earthquakes and their secondary disasters in the Sanjiangyuan region has a great impact on the ecological environment. In order to systematically assess the impact of earthquakes on the ecological environment in the context of the construction of the Sanjiangyuan National Park, this paper constructs a framework for assessing the direct and indirect impacts of seismic hazards on the ecological environment of the park based on the assessment of several seismic hazards on the Tibetan Plateau in recent years. Based on this framework, this paper takes the 2021 Qinghai Madoi earthquake as an example, and comprehensively evaluates the impact of the earthquake on the ecosystem and ecological infrastructure of Sanjiangyuan National Park and the loss of ecosystem service value through field surveys, remote sensing, and GIS methods. On this basis, the idea of building an assessment platform for the impact of earthquakes on the ecological environment of national parks is proposed. The results show that the earthquake seriously damaged the ecological management and protection facilities of Sanjiangyuan National Park and the structural stability of ecosystem elements such as glaciers, permafrost, vegetation, surface and water system, destroying regional ecosystem functions. The value loss of ecosystem services caused by the earthquake reached 149.267 billion yuan, far exceeding the direct economic loss of 11.695 billion yuan. The evaluation framework and platform construction ideas proposed in this paper can provide a reference for evaluating the impact of future earthquakes on the ecological environment of the Sanjiangyuan region and even the entire Tibetan Plateau National Park.
表1 青藏高原不同类型生态系统服务价值Table 1 The service value of different types of ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau |
| 生态系统类型 | 单价/(万元/km2) |
|---|---|
| 高寒草甸 | 281.76 |
| 冰川 | 21.91 |
| 高寒荒漠 | 37.38 |
| 湿地 | 3273.29 |
感谢桂林理工大学测绘地理信息学院王志华女士为本文插图绘制过程中所做出的贡献。
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