在西北干旱、半干旱地区,随着人口增长和经济发展,国民经济需水与生态环境需水成为水资源开发利用和生态环境保护的主要矛盾。因此,合理量化生态环境需水是西北水资源优化配置亟待解决的问题。论文着重研究两方面的内容:一是基于植被生长需水的区域分异规律,采用遥感和地理信息系统技术实现生态的空间分区,以生态分区和流域水平衡为基础量化生态需水;二是基于可持续发展的生态模式,确定生态保护目标和生态建设规模,并预测生态需水。

The conflict between ecological water requirements and economic water demand has become critical in arid and semi-arid areas with population growth and economic development.This paper presents a mathematical model based on techniques of remote sensing(RS)and Ge-ography Information Syste(GIS).Results have been achieved as follows:(1)ecological zoning based upon the RS and GIS technology reflects the mechanism of water requirement;(2)regional math-ematical model on ecological water requirements was developed based on ecological zoning and water cycle of drainage basins;and(3)targets of ecological protection and scale of ecological con-struction was identified based on ecological protection and restoration mode coupled with experts comments as well as prediction of ecological and economic water requirements.