自然保护区建设是保护生物多样性的最有效途径。至１９９３年底，我国共建立各类型自然保护区７６３个，总面积６６１．８万ｈｍ２，约占国土面积的６．８％。本文在总结我国自然保护区建设成就的基础上，概述了自然保护区对各类自然生态系统、野生生物、驯化物种、野生亲缘种及种质资源保护的现状，包括为保护生物多样性各组分已建自然保护区的数量、面积、分布及管理；评价了自然保护区对生物多样性各组分保护的效果；分析了存在问题并提出加强生物多样性就地保护的措施。

Nature reserve establishment is the most effective approach of biodiversity conservation.By the end of 1993, 763 reserves has been established in China with a total area of 66 184 100ha that occupied 6. 8% of the country's whole land. On the basis of summing up the achivements of the nature reserve development in China, the present status of all categories of reserves is presented in this paper, including their numbers, areas, distributions and managements. Then the effects of reserves on conserving various natural ecosystems, wild species, domestic species and germplasm resources are evaluated. Also the existing problems are analysed and the measures for enhancing the in situ conservation of biodiversityproposed.