科学合理的城市内部空间结构可实现兼顾效率与宜居的城市治理目标。本文利用多源大数据定量研究了后工业化阶段城市紧凑发展的消费者福利效应和机制。结果发现,紧凑的城市空间结构对消费多样性具有显著的正向影响,“以人民为中心”的城市更新模式可强化上述影响。机制分析结果表明,紧凑的城市内部空间结构通过增加人口密度、增加人流密度以及促进零售商集聚3种机制从供需两端提升城市消费多样性。此外,城市内部空间结构对消费多样性的影响还存在显著的空间衰减效应,验证了后工业化阶段服务业主导的大城市市中心密度的重要性。

A scientifically sound urban spatial structure within a city can effectively balance urban governance goals, targeting both efficiency and liveability. This study leverages multi-source big data in China to quantitatively explore the consumer welfare effects and mechanisms associated with compact urban development in the post-industrial era. The findings reveal that a compact urban layout significantly boosts consumption diversity. Moreover, a “people-centred” approach to urban renewal can amplify this effect. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms indicates that a compact urban spatial structure augments consumption diversity from both the supply and demand sides by increasing population density and the number of pedestrians and fostering clusters of retail. The research also reveals a pronounced spatial decay effect in the influence of urban spatial structure on consumption diversity, highlighting the pivotal role of service sector-dominated urban centres' density in the post-industrial era.

随着我国大力推动实施城市更新行动,城市更新的空间策略选择成为关键。文章通过梳理英国城市更新行动的各阶段理念演进,总结出英国当代城市更新的特征、城市设计的作用和文化主导的作用与策略。在分析文化主导下的城市更新的三种实现路径基础上,提出以文化为主导、城市设计为手段的城市更新空间策略：优化公共空间网络、开发文化创意区域和兴建公共文化建筑。通过对伯明翰中心城区的更新实践中具体策略运用和经验、成效的剖析,结合我国现阶段城市发展的问题,分析总结出对我国城市更新的启示。

As urban renewal action is strongly promoted,the choice of spatial strategy for urban renewal has become important. Analyzing the conception evolution of British urban regeneration at each stage,this paper summarizes the characteristics,the role of urban design and the trend of cultural led of British contemporary urban regeneration. On the basis of analyzing the comprehensive effects of three culture-led urban regeneration methods on urban development,this paper proposes the spatial strategies of culture-led urban regeneration with urban design as its main method: optimizing public space network,developing cultural and creative areas and building public cultural buildings. Through the analysis of the application of specific strategies,experience and effectiveness in the regeneration practice of central city of Birmingham,combined with the problems of urban development at the current stage of China,this paper analyzes and summarizes the enlightenment for urban renewal in China.

旧城区绿地作为关键的社会—生态系统载体,是城市高质量发展与转型治理亟需关注的问题。构建广州旧城区绿地服务基本单元,引入适应性循环理论的潜力—连通度—恢复力三维框架,构建表征生态、社会与经济服务的绿地景观指标体系,综合评估2000—2018年广州旧城区绿地的空间恢复力水平及适应性转化特征。研究结果显示：旧城区绿地的恢复力演化具有明显的核心区与外围区的时空分异,在拆除重建阶段呈现快速开发—快速释放—重组的转化,在微更新阶段主要呈现开发—保护的提升,并具有提升型、稳定型和更替型的社会—生态系统服务适应性。由此说明,城市更新具有调节社会—生态系统服务治理的效果。其中,绿地形状指数、5 min可达绿地率以及土地利用混合度对核心区绿地恢复力具有显著的促进作用,为外围区治理提供参考。同时,进一步探讨了更新政策与城市绿地空间恢复力演化的关系,为促进旧城区绿地空间更新治理提供社会—生态系统适应性的理论与实证案例研究。

生态风险的持续累积使得城市越来越脆弱,城市更新所带来生态系统抵抗力、适应力和恢复力的变化,成为生态韧性的重要影响因素。在梳理城市更新对生态韧性影响机理的基础上,基于2006—2020年环长株潭城市群8个地级市的样本数据,运用基于博弈论的组合赋权、TOPSIS模型、因子分析等方法,探究政府主导型与社会参与型城市更新对生态韧性的影响效应。研究结果表明：①2006—2020年环长株潭城市群生态韧性区域差异整体减小,空间分布呈现聚集态势。②政府主导型城市更新对环长株潭城市群生态韧性有抑制作用,加强环境规制、增大科教投入、调整产业结构有助于生态韧性的提升。③城市更新社会关注、城市更新社会行动和城市更新社会认可是社会参与型城市更新的主要因子,高密度、高强度的城市更新社会关注将抑制环长株潭城市群生态韧性的提升,而城市更新社会行动则有助于提高生态韧性,城市更新对生态系统恢复力的影响作用尚不明确。

The continuous accumulation of ecological risk makes cities more and more vulnerable,and the changes of ecosystem resistance,adaptability and resilience brought by urban renewal become important influencing factors of ecological resilience. Based on the data of eight prefectural-level cities in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration from 2006 to 2020,this study sorts out the mechanism of urban renewal on ecological resilience,and investigates the mechanism of government-led and social-participation urban renewal on ecological resilience using the methods of combination weighting based on the game theory,TOPSIS model,factor analysis,and so on. The results show that: 1) The regional differences in ecological resilience of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration from 2006 to 2020 are reduced as a whole,and the spatial distribution shows an aggregation trend. 2) Government-led urban renewal has an inhibitory effect on the ecological resilience of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration. Strengthening environmental regulation,increasing investment in science and education,and adjusting the industrial structure can help to improve the ecological resilience. 3) Social concern for urban renewal,social action for urban renewal and social recognition for urban renewal are the main factors of social participation in urban renewal. High-density and high-intensity social concern for urban renewal will inhibit the enhancement of ecological resilience of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,whereas social action for urban renewal will help to improve ecological resilience,and the effect of urban renewal on the ecosystem's resilience is still not clear.

伴随着后工业时代的来临，“绿色转向”逐渐成为全球城市更新的基本原则。然而，城市更新的绿色倡议与实践通常只关注环境的可持续发展，忽视了在社会层面可能引发的绿色绅士化现象。论文采用质性研究方法，以城市农业公园的绿化实践为例，探究城市更新背景下绿色绅士化的效应及机制。研究发现：① 在城市更新背景下，城市绿化实践隐含着绅士化的行动逻辑，其所营建的后现代审美与体验型景观成为绿色绅士化的地方表征；② 以服务城市精英为导向的绿化实践引发了景观隔离与阶层分化的结果，但在中国土地制度的保障下，原住民不仅没有流离失所，反而获得了土地再资本化的红利；③ 政府、村集体和村民以及开发商分别出于城市治理、土地租金与经济利益的目的，组建了满足各自政治与经济诉求的绿色增长联盟，最终形成以政府为主导的绿色绅士化运作机制。论文将发源于西方社会的绿色绅士化置于中国的制度语境与社会情境中开展实证分析，拓展了绿色绅士化在多元地理背景下的概念内涵与解释效力，也为理解中国城市更新背景下的人地关系变迁提供了新的理论视野与实践启示。

With the advent of the post-industrial era, a "green turn" has gradually become the basic principle of global urban renewal. However, green initiatives and practices in urban renewal often focus on environmental sustainability, neglecting the green gentrification that can be triggered at the social level. In the context of urban renewal in China, urban greening practices have emerged with many representations similar to the phenomenon of green gentrification, but this has not attracted the attention of scholars in China. This study adopted a qualitative research method to investigate the effects and mechanisms of green gentrification in the context of urban renewal, taking the greening practices of urban agricultural parks as an example. The study found that: 1) In the context of urban renewal, urban greening practices imply a logic of gentrification in action, and the postmodern aesthetic and experiential landscape it creates becomes a place representation of green gentrification. 2) Greening practices oriented to serve the urban elite have triggered landscape segregation and stratification, but under the guarantee of the Chinese land tenure and management system, the indigenous people are not displaced but receive dividends from the recapitalization of the land. 3) The government, village collectives and residents, and developers have formed green growth alliances to meet their political and economic demands for the purposes of urban governance, land rents, and economic interests, respectively, eventually forming a government-led green gentrification operation mechanism. This study empirically analyzed green gentrification, which originated in western societies, in the institutional and social contexts of China, expanding the connotation and explanatory validity of green gentrification in the context of multiple geographies, and providing new theoretical perspectives and practical insights for understanding the change of human-land relationship in the context of urban renewal in China.

城市韧性是新兴的研究话题,其实质为城市面对不确定性扰动的抵抗、恢复及适应能力。本文构建“规模—密度—形态”三维城市生态韧性评价体系,借鉴物理学耦合模型测算2000—2015年珠三角城市城镇化与生态韧性的耦合协调度,并对其时空变化特征进行深入探讨。结果表明：2000—2015年珠三角各市的城镇化水平总体不断提升,生态韧性水平持续降低,两者耦合协调度总体由基本协调向基本失调下滑。在空间分布上,珠三角地区城镇化与生态韧性的耦合协调度呈现出以珠江入海口城市为中心、向外围递增的圈层式格局。从生态韧性子系统对城镇化与生态韧性耦合协调的作用来看,规模韧性主要起反向阻滞作用;形态韧性的协调影响力主要为正向,且随时间推移不断增强;密度韧性的正向协调影响力持续下降,且在低于零值后负向增长。以新型城镇化引领区域协调发展,并通过严守三区三线、适应生态承载力、合理布局城市绿地等方法提高生态韧性,是未来珠三角实现城镇化与生态韧性协调可持续发展的主要路径。

Urban resilience is an emerging research topic of urban studies, and its essence is the ability of cities to resist, recover and adapt to uncertain disturbances. This paper first constructs a "Size-Density-Morphology" urban ecological resilience evaluation system, and then uses the coupling coordination degree model to measure the degree of coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to 2015, and conducts an in-depth discussion on its temporal and spatial characteristics. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2015, the urbanization level of cities in the study area generally increased while the level of ecological resilience declined. The coupling coordination degree between the two systems decreased from basic coordination to basic imbalance. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the coupling coordination degree between ecological resilience and urbanization of cities presented a circle pattern that centered on the cities at the mouth of the Pearl River and increased toward the periphery. (3) Ecological resilience subsystems played different roles in the coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience. Specifically, size resilience mainly played a reverse blocking role; the influence of morphological resilience was mainly positive and continued to increase over time; the effect of density resilience was positive and continued to decline and further became negative after falling below zero. Leading the coordinated development of regions with new urbanization, and improving ecological resilience by strictly observing the three areas and three lines, adapting to ecological carrying capacity, and rationally arranging urban green spaces, are the main path for achieving coordinated and sustainable development of urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta in the future.

城市更新是构建可持续城市和落实中国高质量发展战略的重要手段。为综合认知可持续城市更新时空演进路径和协同驱动机理,论文梳理了可持续城市更新研究概况,凝练其时空演进路径和区域差异,解析影响因素、驱动机理和典型空间响应模式,并从理论和政策维度进行研究展望。研究发现：① 可持续城市更新形成了从“发展瓶颈倒逼”到“可持续愿景牵引”的时空演进路径,同时在时序化进程、本地化过程与空间演进历程中表征出显著的区域差异性;② 综合地理环境影响可持续城市更新的空间模式,利益相关者决定可持续城市更新的组织模式,政府主导、市场主导和多元驱动等组织模式作用于不同时空尺度的功能空间形成了5类典型空间响应模式;③ 可持续城市更新未来研究需聚焦于全球可持续发展和国内高质量发展目标,定量厘清面向可持续城市更新的驱动因子、主控因素和协同机理,建立保障可持续城市发展的城市更新管控方法库与政策集。中国在实践中需要健全“国家—区域—城市”的多尺度管控制度,建立可持续目标导向的城市更新精细化管理系统,并完善多主体协同的城市更新参与机制。

Urban renewal is important to global sustainable development and high-quality development strategy in China. In order to understand the spatial-temporal evolution path and driving mechanisms of sustainable urban renewal, this article reviewed the research on sustainable urban renewal, summarized the spatial-temporal evolution path and regional differentiation of sustainable urban renewal, analyzed the driving factors, mechanisms, and spatial response modes, and put forward the research prospects and policy recommendations. The study shows that sustainable urban renewal has changed from problem oriented to sustainable goal oriented. There are regional differentiations in the process of globalization, localization, and temporal evolution. Geographical environment influences the spatial pattern while stakeholders decide the organizational pattern of sustainable urban renewal, and the interaction of these two systems produces five spatial response modes including government-dominant urban redevelopment, government-dominant urban renaissance, market-dominant real estate development, market-dominant industrial development, and multi-stakeholder participation modes. Future research on sustainable urban renewal needs to focus on global sustainable development and high-quality development strategies, quantitatively analyze the driving factors, main control factors, and collaborative mechanism of sustainable urban renewal, as well as establish governance method library and policy set. In practice, China should improve the multi-scale policy, management system, and participation mechanism of multiple stakeholders.

快速城市化易引发各种生态问题,如何构建城市化与生态韧性的协调发展关系对于干旱区内陆城市的发展至关重要。结合遥感技术从韧性角度解读城市化与生态环境,以宁夏为研究区域,在构建城市化与生态韧性指数的基础上,运用耦合协调性和相对发展度模型对2005—2020年两者的耦合协调性进行研究。结果表明：（1） 宁夏城市化水平提升较快,以银川市为中心的沿黄城市群灯光璀璨,而宁夏南部呈现众多面积较小零星分布的灯光像元。（2） 宁夏生态韧性水平整体稳中有升。银川市生态韧性水平全区最高,吴忠市次之,石嘴山市、固原市和中卫市生态韧性水平则相对较低。（3） 宁夏城市化与生态韧性耦合协调性稳步提升,除银川市和石嘴山市外,其余各市均经历了不同程度的失调期。（4） 宁夏城市化和生态韧性的相对发展尚未达到理想上的等同。

Various ecological problems caused by rapid urbanization have become the biggest obstacle to achieving high economic quality. Therefore, the construction of a coordinated development relationship between urban ecological resilience and urbanization is crucial for developing inland cities in arid regions. This study attempts to break through previous research methods and interpret the relationship between urbanization and ecological environment from the viewpoint of resilience. Based on nighttime light data and land use remote sensing data, the coupling coordination and relative development degree models were used to study their coupling coordination and spatio-temporal evolution in Ningxia, China, from 2005 to 2020. The results show that the urban agglomeration along the Yellow River in Ningxia, with Yinchuan City as the center, has bright lights, whereas the southern part of Ningxia presents many small scattered lights. The distribution pattern of ecological resilience is the highest in Wuzhong City, followed by Yinchuan City, and the lowest in Shizuishan City, Guyuan City, and Zhongwei City. Except for Yinchuan City and Shizuishan City, other cities have also experienced varying degrees of imbalance, and the relative development of urbanization and ecological resilience in Ningxia has not reached ideal equivalence. Finally, Ningxia gradually forms a coordinated regional development pattern, with Yinchuan City as the core and Shizuishan City and Wuzhong City as the support, radiating the cities of Zhongwei and Guyuan. This study makes up for the deficiency of research on arid cities. Resilience, as a new hotspot in the field of urban studies, provides a new way for interpreting the relationship between urbanization and ecological environment from the perspective of ecological resilience by constructing the evaluation index system of “resistance-adjustment-resilience”, which is greatly significant for accelerating the construction of an important ecological security barrier and realizing high-quality development in northwest China.

基于城乡统筹发展与区域协同发展研究视角，通过构建乡村振兴与新型城镇化综合评价指标体系，运用耦合协调度模型、LISA时间路径、LISA时空跃迁及地理加权回归模型等方法，分析2013—2019年甘肃省86个县域单元两者间耦合协调发展水平、时空分异特征及影响因素。结果表明：（1）全省县域乡村振兴与新型城镇化发展水平在空间分布上具有相似性，均呈现“西北高、东南低”的发展态势。其中，河西地区乡村振兴与新型城镇化发展水平最高。河西地区乡村振兴与新型城镇化耦合协调度处于全省首位，陇中地区与陇东南地区耦合协调度相对较低。全省各县域在基本失调类型和基本协调类型中乡村振兴发展滞后型均占大多数，不存在新型城镇化发展滞后型。（2）县域耦合协调度空间格局具有一定的平稳性，在局部空间依赖方向和空间增长过程中具有波动性较弱特征，受周边邻近城市溢出效应或虹吸效应相对较弱。县域自身耦合协调度受相邻县域的溢出效应影响程度较小，整体呈现出的高增长或低增长趋势较为明显。耦合协调度的局部空间关联格局保持在一定的稳定态势，多数县域未发生跃迁，空间格局呈现出一定的转移惰性与路径依赖特征。（3）县域乡村振兴与新型城镇化耦合协调度影响因素在空间上差异较大，城乡收入差距、城乡消费差距、产业二元性水平不利于两者耦合协调度的提升，经济发展水平、政府调控水平对两者耦合协调度的提升具有促进作用。

构建基于“规模—密度—形态”的三维流域生态韧性分析框架，运用耦合协调模型测算并分析2000—2021年汾河流域县域新型城镇化与生态韧性的耦合协调时空演变特征，采用空间自相关模型揭示耦合协调的空间集聚特征，引入协调影响力指数表征各子系统对整体耦合协调度的作用力及作用程度。结果表明：（1）2000—2021年汾河流域各县域新型城镇化水平总体缓慢提升，“核心—边缘”空间格局显著，生态韧性综合指数持续降低，空间格局上高值区呈“S”型分布，低值区集中于中部谷地。（2）耦合协调度呈现由“轻度协调”向“轻度失调”下滑的发展特征，受区位优势和生态禀赋因素影响，耦合协调度空间分布呈现由核心向边缘逐级提升的“环状”分布格局，空间集聚趋势显著。（3）新型城镇化中人口、空间、社会、绿色子系统对综合耦合协调度起反向阻滞作用，经济城镇化对综合耦合协调度的影响先阻滞后推动，生态韧性子系统对综合耦合协调度均起反向阻滞作用，规模、密度韧性阻滞力增强，形态韧性阻滞程度减弱。（4）新型城镇化水平不均衡发展的“马太效应”更加明显，生态韧性受制于生态资源本底，空间演变存在路径依赖现象，汾河流域兼具城镇化推进对生态产生负效应的流域普遍性特征和资源发展型县域产业转型缓慢、生态建设较城镇化显著滞后的特殊性。

随着对科学发展观认识的深入,耦合协调度模型成为研究区域整体均衡发展程度的有效评价与研究工具。但在该模型使用中,存在书写错误、丢失系数、错用权重和模型不成立四类误区,已经显著影响到学术研究的科学性。因此首先明确传统耦合协调度模型的规范公式,在探讨该传统模型在社会科学领域研究中效度问题基础上,进一步提出耦合度的修正模型。此外耦合协调度模型还存在指标构建的主观性、耦合结果的波动性和无可比性的信度问题。以京津冀生态与经济系统为例,验证修正后的耦合协调度模型具有较好的效度,研究对象的时空变化会显著影响耦合协调度模型的信度。

经济发展质量与生态韧性协同发展是人与自然和谐共生的重要体现。基于2003—2020年中国53个海岸带城市数据,利用熵权—TOPSIS法和耦合协同模型测算经济发展质量与生态韧性协同发展度,通过核密度估计、标准差椭圆分析其时空演化规律,采用Dagum基尼系数及分解、空间收敛模型考察区域差异和空间收敛特征。研究发现：①整体及三大区域（渤黄海岸、东海岸、南海岸）的协同发展度呈波动上升,且各区域存在不同程度极化现象;②协同发展格局呈东北—西南走向,空间集聚特征明显,具有“勉强协调区逐渐消失、初级协调区成为主体、中级协调区团块状发展”的演化特点;③协同发展度总体及区域差异呈波动下降趋势且程度各异,超变密度是总体差异的主要来源;④整体及各区域协同发展具有σ收敛、绝对和条件β收敛特征,空间收敛性表现存在区域差异。基于此,在补足经济高质量发展短板、坚持一体化发展、制定区域差异化政策方面提出对策建议。

The coordinated development between economic development quality and ecological resilience is an essential manifestation of human-nature harmony. The methods of entropy weight-TOPSIS and coupling synergy are used to quantify the degree of coordinated development between economic development quality and ecological resilience using the data of 53 Chinese coastal cities from 2003 to 2020. This paper investigates the evolution principles of coordinated development between economic development quality and ecological resilience using the kernel density estimation and the standard deviation ellipse,and uses the Dagum Gini coefficient and decomposition,the spatial convergence model to analyze its regional disparities and spatial convergence features. It's found that: 1) The degree of coordinated development shows a fluctuating upward pattern in overall coastal cities and three major regions (coastal cities in the Bohai-Huanghai Sea,the East China Sea,and the South China Sea) where it has different degrees of polarization. 2) The coordinated development pattern has a northeast-southwest tendency with apparent spatial agglomeration features. The evolution process is characterized by "barely coordinated areas gradually disappearing,primary coordinated areas becoming the main bodies,and intermediate coordinated areas showing the block-shaped development". 3) Coordinated development degree has a fluctuating downward trend with varying degrees at the overall and regional levels. Hypervariable density is the main source of overall differences. 4) Overall and regional coordinated development exhibits the features σ convergence, absolute and conditional β convergence,and regional differences in spatial convergence performance exist. Based on the above,this paper suggests policy implications from strengthening the weakness areas of high-quality economic development, adhering to integrated development,and developing regional differentiation policies.

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, China witnessed gradual shrinkage of cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). In this study, we introduce the concept of economic resilience to analyse urban growth and shrinkage in the context of a rapidly-urbanising region. Multiple regression analysis is performed to explore the determinants of economic resilience in the PRD. By measuring resistance in the shrinking phase and recoverability in the growing phase in a group of cities in the PRD, this study distinguishes four scenarios and investigates their characteristics from a spatial perspective. The results demonstrate that the financial crisis had a severe and asymmetric influence on this area, indicating more than 15% of cities are faced with shrinking. The spatial distribution of economic resilience indicates a centre-periphery pattern, that is, high economic resilience in the inner ring and low economic resilience in the outer ring of the PRD. The service economy is found to play a significant role in promoting urban economic resilience. Results imply that sound economic policies for enhancing resilience: both poor local financial status and a high degree of export concentration adversely impact resistance, while upgrading the manufacturing economy and stimulating of industrial innovation are conducive to improve recoverability.

科学评估黄河流域城市生态韧性对于塑造流域高质量发展优势与营造韧性宜居环境至关重要。基于“压力-状态-响应-创新”四维框架构建城市生态韧性评价体系，运用核密度估计、Dagum基尼系数等方法考察2011—2020年黄河流域城市生态韧性时序演进、空间分布及空间差异特征，并使用空间杜宾模型剖析其影响因素。结果表明：（1） 黄河流域城市生态韧性有效提升，上中下游各地区演进过程、极化特征不尽相同。（2） 城市生态韧性空间格局呈“下游-中游-上游”梯度递减，空间集聚与区域分异特征明显。（3） 城市生态韧性总体及区域内差异波动式下降，区域间差异是空间差异主要来源，年均贡献率高达65.44%。（4） 降水量、经济发展水平、公共安全建设对黄河流域城市生态韧性提升具有正向影响，对外开放水平存在正向溢出效应，基础设施建设、政府干预程度在提升当地城市生态韧性过程中也呈现出正向溢出效应，而土地开发强度、环境污染程度会抑制城市生态韧性提升，且环境污染程度还存在负向溢出效应。此外，黄河上中下游各地区影响因素效果差异显著。