中国现代旅游业体系建设中的旅游资源创新开发:理论认知与应用创新
张宏磊, 宋瑞, 靳诚, 李钢, 陆林, 王兆峰, 卢松, 王辉, 邹统钎
自然资源学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4) : 855-875.
中国现代旅游业体系建设中的旅游资源创新开发:理论认知与应用创新
Innovation in the development of tourism resources in the construction of China's modern tourism industry system: Theoretical insights and practical strategies
在中国现代旅游业体系的构建中,旅游资源的创新性利用、有效保护与合理转化不仅是核心支撑要素,更是驱动产业升级与实现可持续发展的根本动力。针对这一议题,本文邀请了来自地理、旅游、文化及管理等相关学科领域的专家学者,围绕文旅融合、资源潜力和技术变革等方面展开讨论,综合各位专家的主要观点,需关注以下重点议题:(1)重构旅游资源价值体系,跳脱“自然—人文”二元划分的传统认知,将日常生活方式、文化认同等隐性要素纳入资源谱系,并与国家文化软实力和高质量发展的总体部署相衔接。通过跨学科研究、科技赋能以及规划管理与法律保障等制度性支撑,引领资源开发向内涵式与创新性方向转变。(2)政府、企业与社会的“三方合力”机制是关键。政府在规划管理、产权协调与资金扶持中发挥顶层设计和引导作用;企业则关注市场需求,提供差异化、高品质的产品与服务;同时,应鼓励社区居民与社会组织积极参与本土知识的挖掘与价值塑造。在新兴数字技术的支持下,推进沉浸式与交互式体验模式,扩大产业融合效益。(3)警惕过度商业化对自然生态与文化原真性的侵蚀,合理限定开发强度。加强跨区域合作与政策性扶持,推进交通与公共服务的优化配置,让欠发达地区的自然与文化资源真正转化为高质量发展的内生动力。最后呼吁多学科合力探索更宏观的国家战略框架下,通过“协同创新”将旅游资源优势转化为产业和区域可持续增长引擎,进一步夯实国家文化自信与软实力,并为全球旅游理论与实践贡献中国经验。
In building China's modern tourism system, the innovative use, effective protection, and judicious transformation of tourism resources serve not only as core supporting elements, but also as critical drivers of industrial upgrading and sustainable development. To address this topic, the paper convened experts and scholars from geography, tourism, culture, and management to discuss issues such as the integration of culture and tourism, resource potential, and technological change. A synthesis of their main insights points to three pressing questions: (1) From an institutional and strategic perspective, rethinking the value system of tourism resources is essential, moving beyond traditional views rooted in the "natural-human" dichotomy. Less obvious factors, such as everyday lifestyles and cultural identity, should be recognized as key components of the resource spectrum and aligned with national objectives for cultural soft power and high-quality development. Interdisciplinary research, technological tools, and robust institutional support, including planning, management, and legal safeguards, can help steer resource development toward richer and more innovative pathways. (2) Regarding implementation models and strategies, success hinges on a three-way partnership among government, enterprises, and society. The government supplies top-level design and oversight in aspects like planning, property rights coordination, and funding support; enterprises respond to market demand by offering differentiated, high-quality products and services; at the same time, local residents and social organizations should be encouraged to participate in uncovering and shaping local knowledge and values. By leveraging new digital technologies, immersive and interactive forms of tourism can be promoted, expanding the benefits of industry integration. (3) Considering potential drawbacks and countermeasures, it is vital to guard against excessive commercialization that may undermine ecological integrity and cultural authenticity, making it necessary to set reasonable limits on development intensity. Strengthening cross-regional collaboration and policy support, along with optimizing transportation and public services, can help less-developed regions translate their natural and cultural resources into genuine engines of high-quality growth. This paper ultimately calls for a multidisciplinary effort under a broader national strategic vision, where "collaborative innovation" turns tourism resource advantages into catalysts for sustained industrial and regional growth. By doing so, it reinforces national cultural confidence and soft power, while contributing China's insights to the global discourse on tourism theory and practice.
现代旅游业体系 / 文旅融合 / 创新驱动 / 资源保护 / 高质量发展 {{custom_keyword}} /
modern tourism industry system / cultural and tourism integration / innovation-driven growth / resource protection / high-quality development {{custom_keyword}} /
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新质生产力是构建现代旅游业体系的核心动力,是建设旅游强国的战略支撑。为了深入理解新质生产力的科学内涵,并厘清新质生产力赋能旅游业高质量发展的理论逻辑和战略路径,特邀请区域经济、数字经济、旅游管理、旅游地理等领域的多位专家开展访谈。访谈基于“问题导向—创新思维—路径机制”的逻辑思路,主要围绕新质生产力赋能旅游业高质量发展的时代背景、机遇与挑战、核心内涵、动力机制、创新路径等内容展开。主要结论如下:(1)科技革命下新质生产力推动旅游业高质量发展的战略机遇与风险挑战。新质生产力不仅能够通过科技创新优化资源配置,提升旅游业的生产效率和增长质量,而且还能有效催生出旅游发展新模式新业态,并不断释放驱动经济社会高质量发展的新动能。然而,在全球化和技术快速发展的背景下,旅游业的创新发展也面临一系列挑战。尤其是旅游创新软硬环境缺乏系统化建设、旅游数据安全与隐私保护风险、传统旅游业的复杂性带来的创新发展阻力以及新技术新动能转化带来的“阵痛”等问题值得关注。未来开拓旅游新质生产力可以重点关注颠覆性的科技创新,培育旅游业新质劳动者,优化整合劳动资料和劳动对象为代表的生产力要素,全面提升旅游业全要素生产率。(2)新发展理念下创新成果向现实旅游生产力转化的核心标志与动力机制。新质生产力赋能旅游业高质量发展的过程中,有以下具体特征:科技创新引领产业现代化是旅游业高质量发展的重要前提,要素整合和供需匹配是旅游业高质量发展的内在要求,数字化、绿色化和智能化是旅游业高质量发展的动力支撑,全要素生产率大幅提升是旅游业高质量发展的核心目标。(3)国家战略导向下新质生产力赋能旅游业高质量发展的逻辑进路与科学图景。在新的时代背景下,现代科技已成为旅游产业的关键生产要素,与此同时,旅游产业转型升级持续推进、发展动能不断增强,旅游业服务国家战略的能力也日益突出。但不容忽视的是,在推动旅游业高质量发展过程中,仍面临着科技创新能力不强、区域发展不平衡、要素资源流通不畅、旅游专业人才不足等问题。为了进一步提升新质生产力推动旅游业高质量发展的能效,需要重点关注以下方面:深化旅游创新的体制机制改革,优化旅游生产要素创新性配置,加快建设现代化旅游产业体系,提升旅游专业化人才培养质量。上述观点不仅能在一定程度上深化对新质生产力的科学理解,同时也能为推动旅游强国的建设提供决策参考。
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高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。传统以存量资源空间盘点为主要思路、以经济为主要指向的旅游资源研究范式,已无法满足新时代旅游业发展和国家战略需求,亟待明晰旅游资源新属性、新框架与新方向。基于此,从国内外研究总格局出发,基于CiteSpace 6.2.2分析中外旅游资源研究知识图谱,对比其研究现状与趋势特征,揭示理论需求;进而基于中国实践与时代趋势,探索旅游资源新属性与新范畴变迁模型,以高质量发展为目标,以旅游资源新属性为起点,以人本理念为基础、以科技与文化为动力、以创新和创意为引领,阐释旅游资源性质拓展与研究范畴的新变化;从核心层、发展层、系统层(点、线、面)提出以高质量发展为导向的旅游资源创新研究框架,阐释旅游资源内涵创新、旅游资源全链理念创新、“五位一体”领域架构创新;提出“五位一体”与“三层级”交叉融合的旅游资源研究矩阵,从经济、政治、文化、社会和生态五维度的微观、中观、宏观层面提出旅游资源高质量发展的研究方向。旨在推动旅游资源研究承担时代使命、服务国家战略,以资源研究为杠杆促进新时代高质量发展。
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旅游资源的认知是旅游产业发展的基础工作,传统的旅游资源研究、保护和开发通常依托于单体展开,而忽视了资源的集聚特征和组合价值。聚焦旅游资源区域组合,以国家战略导向和新时代旅游业发展需求为背景,重新梳理旅游资源区域组合的相关研究基础;面向旅游资源价值转化和可持续利用,从地域特征、组合特征和价值特征三个方面分析旅游资源区域组合的内涵;基于多源异构数据,以自动化识别为目标,结合知识图谱、文本分析、图像分析等技术,提出旅游资源区域组合的识别思路、方法和技术体系;归纳出旅游资源区域组合划定的原则与依据、旅游资源区域组合模式与方法、旅游资源区域组合的评价体系、旅游资源区域组合的价值转化路径和旅游资源区域组合开发保障体系五大关键问题,力求推动旅游资源区域组合的相关理论研究与实践探索。
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The cognition of tourism resources is the basic work of the development of tourism industry. Traditional research and development of tourism resources usually rely on the development of single unit, and neglect the aggregation characteristics and combined value of resources. This study focuses on the regional tourism resources combination, and reorganizes the relevant research basis of regional tourism resources combination under the context of national strategic orientation and tourism development needs in the New Era. For the value transformation and sustainable utilization of tourism resources, the connotation of regional tourism resources combination is analyzed from the aspects of regional characteristics, combined characteristics and value characteristics. Combining with knowledge mapping, text analysis, image analysis and other technologies, this paper puts forward the identification ideas, methods and techniques of regional tourism resources combination. It sums up five key problems of the regional tourism resources combination: the principle and basis of the division, the mode and method, the evaluation system, the path of value transformation, and the guarantee system. Going forward, we will endeavor to advance the theoretical research and practical exploration of regional tourism resource combination. {{custom_citation.content}}
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随着现代信息技术的不断发展,GIS在旅游研究与应用愈来愈深入。目前,GIS已经广泛的应用到旅游资源研究中,尤其在旅游资源空间分类、评价、旅游规划、旅游资源管理、旅游开发利用等方面取得了较大的进展。首先,本文综述了近些年来GIS在旅游资源研究中的文献资料,研究发现GIS空间分析理论与方法在旅游资源研究与开发中的应用较为广泛,但在旅游资源认知、分类及评价等方面仍存在一些尚未解决的问题。其次,在总结前人和课题组研究成果的基础上,对旅游资源认知、分类与标准化理论进行了相关论述。通过梳理GIS建模技术与空间分析方法在旅游资源信息提取与分析、旅游资源评价、旅游资源开发规划等相关研究成果中发现,旅游资源研究方法已从定性描述走向定量模型,应用成果不断增多,涉及综合评价、空间结构优化、空间布局与选址、空间发展趋势预测、空间利用规划等方面。最后,提出了未来在旅游资源知识模型、旅游资源图谱、旅游资源多维仿真以及旅游资源大数据等方面的相关展望。
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旅游资源是旅游活动的基本要素,决定着旅游资源开发利用的综合效益。旅游资源与国家重大战略的关系日益密切,树立新旅游资源观是对区域发展实践的再认识和再实践,能够为旅游资源研究提出新的课题。梳理与总结传统旅游资源观视角下旅游资源研究成果的发展脉络,研究发现:(1)旅游资源研究内容不断丰富,研究方向日益多元,在开展基础研究的同时,积极为服务国家重大战略和区域经济社会发展做出重要贡献,一定程度上实现了“理论指导实践”与“实践完善理论”的良性互动局面。(2)新旅游资源观是指在科学技术进步、价值观念变革、旅游需求提升、人均收入提高等背景下,人们对不同来源、不同结构、不同层次的旅游资源进行整合、配置、重组和优化的动态过程,表现为人们的思维认知对旅游资源性状改变的一种能动响应。新旅游资源观是对传统旅游资源观的根本突破,呈现出新旅游资源价值观、新旅游资源利用观、新旅游资源发展观、新旅游资源效益观和新旅游资源空间观等特征。(3)从旅游资源价值转化、旅游资源可持续利用、旅游资源融合发展、旅游资源区域效益、旅游资源空间重构等方面构建新旅游资源观视角下的“五维一体”的旅游资源研究内容体系,强化旅游资源的跨区域聚合、竞合与融合,揭示跨区域旅游资源开发利用的相互作用机理。(4)面对新旅游资源观视角下旅游资源开发利用过程中出现的新问题和新课题,多学科交叉融合与新方法引进是开展旅游资源开发利用综合性、动态性、区域性和系统性研究的必然趋势。
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当前,我国已经全面进入大众旅游时代,旅游业持续领跑宏观经济,并成为带动区域发展的支柱产业。旅游资源是传统旅游业的发展基础,我国是旅游资源大国,处理好旅游资源保护与利用的关系、实现创新发展是旅游资源研究的关键。来自旅游地理研究领域的16位青年学者,以笔谈方式探讨了新时期、新阶段下旅游资源保护与利用的基本思路,从旅游发展的新特征、资源价值的新认知、开发与保护的新方式以及针对专项资源的保护开发的新对策等方面重新定义新时代旅游资源研究的重点,核心观点整理如下:(1)随着旅游业的发展,大众旅游方式变化推动旅游产业革新,旅游资源的内涵也相应不断丰富。新时代旅游资源的重构、泛化和组合的变化需要重新对旅游资源进行识别、划分和评价,未来资源仍是旅游产业发展的基础,需要合理认知旅游资源的新特征和新价值。(2)新时代,传统资源开发的条件趋严,坚守生态底线是发展的基础。从供给端看,资源转化为产品的过程中,要尊重市场规律,面向游客新需求,以深入挖掘文化内涵为重点,借助科技新手段,创新资源开发新模式,推出受游客欢迎的旅游产品,从而激发旅游资源的市场价值属性,推动区域旅游产业升级,实现资源、资本、资产的可持续发展。(3)从需求端看,捕捉客群变化特征,构建社会规范和文明旅游新方式,从多方面引导游客主动保护旅游资源的行为,从而形成推动旅游资源保护和开发协调的新思路。(4)旅游资源的类型丰富,决定了旅游资源保护与开发方式的多样化:针对乡村旅游资源,要在资源评估的基础上,重新认识其新价值,在乡村振兴战略的引领下,因地制宜,以产业集聚为突破,重视乡村社区利益,推动乡村旅游资源的创新利用和可持续发展;针对农业文化遗产资源,在可持续发展的基础上,活态利用,构建多方参与的新机制;针对人文旅游资源,需要挖掘人文旅游资源本真性,融入传统文化,促进文化传承与旅游产业的互动发展;针对山地民族旅游资源,在时代价值重新认知的基础上要重视其地域系统的独特性,基于人地关系整体化保护与开发;针对民宿旅游,重视其转化农村闲置资源的重要功能,强化生态保护,构建民宿旅游集聚区。
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Nowadays, China has fully come into the massive tourism era. Tourism continuously occupies one most quickly growing industry in the macro-economy and becomes a strategic pillar industry in regional economic development. Since China is rich in tourism resources, which are the foundation of conventional tourism development, it is crucial to deal with the relationship between property protection and utilization of tourism resources, meanwhile, achieving innovative development. In this issue, 16 young tourism geographers discuss tourism resources protection and utilization in the new era. They clarify a set of key points about tourism resources research, including new knowledge of value, new ways to protect and use, and new discussions for special resources. The main points state as follows. (1) Massive tourism mode changing bring the industry innovation, as well as resources' meaning expansion. In the new era, by embracing a perspective of construction, generalization, and a combination of tourism resources, we need to rethink how to define, classify and evaluate these resources. In the future, resources will still be the basis of tourism development, which should capture more reasonable recognition of their new characteristics and values. (2) Under the constraints of ecological reserves, controls in exploitation of traditional resources will be more severe. From the supply-side, considering the transformation from resources to products, we should take more measures such as complying with the market rules, meeting tourists' new needs, excavating cultural senses, creating new developing paths amid new technologies support, and forming popular products. These measures will be beneficial to stimulate the marketing values, upgrade the regional industry, and realize to coordinate resources, capital, and assets in a sustainable way. (3) From the demand-side, we should be aware of the common changes of tourists, lead to new behavioral norms in civilized tourism, and guide the tourists to protect resources spontaneously, which will rewardingly balance environmental protection and industrial development. (4) Abundant resources require diverse approaches to protect and rationally use. In light of rural tourism resources, we should assess their new value, follow the strategy of rural vitalization, suit measures to local conditions, pay main concerns on tourism agglomerations, consider local communities' interests, and innovatively promote sustainable development. Based primarily on sustainability, agricultural heritages re-use needs to be concerned about novel multi-participation machinery dynamically. For human tourism resources, it is necessary to maintain authenticity with traditional culture integration, and coordinate cultural inheritance and tourism growth. Mentioned with ethnic tourism resources in mountainous region, we suggest paying attention to the uniqueness of regional system, taking account of the contemporary value and human-land relationship, and then adopting appropriate measures. Besides, owing to homestay's role in activating rural stacks, it is recommended to enhance ecological protection, and boost the homestay cluster.
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李想, 何小东, 刘诗永. 国内外美食旅游发展趋势. 旅游研究, 2019, 11(4): 5-9.
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龚思颖, 黄凯洁. “网红打卡地”旅游现象的市场营销分析. 商业经济研究, 2023, (7): 65-68.
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