基于体育文化项目的土地再开发:德国多特蒙德旧工业区更新研究
Land redevelopment based on sports and cultural projects: A study on the regeneration of old industrial areas in Dortmund, Germany
旧工业区转型正从发达国家向发展中国家延展,体育文化等新型方式振兴旧工业区作为一种有效的城市更新手段受到了广泛关注。本文聚焦德国鲁尔区的多特蒙德威斯特法伦球场项目,通过实地调查、历史回溯等方法,深入分析了该项目如何以体育文化项目带动周边地区实现旧工业区更新,研究结果表明:(1)多特蒙德通过把握全球化机遇和实施鲁尔区转型计划,成功地由传统重工业城市转型为可持续、智能的科技城市,威斯特法伦球场项目正是顺势而为的一项体育文化主导的旧工业区更新探索实践;(2)球场项目建设过程中,联邦政府和城市政府投入的资本逐渐减少,足球俱乐部的参与也在减弱,社会资本在球场建设和运营中逐渐占据主导地位;(3)球场扩建显著推动了周边土地利用的转型升级,土地利用由以第一、第二产业为主的绿地和住宅用地转向以第三产业为主的综合性功能用地,通过用地转型升级,周边地区空间功能得以优化;(4)球场建设提升了多特蒙德的全球知名度,促进了产业结构向第三产业为主导转型,增加了当地就业率,加快了基础设施建设,提高了居民生活品质,从而推动了城市结构更新与现代化转型。通过梳理该项目的发展经验进而总结体育文化项目带动下的旧工业区更新机制,并提出可供中国借鉴的经验,以期为中国正在进行的旧工业区更新提供思路。
The transformation of old industrial areas is spreading from developed countries to developing countries, and sports culture as an effective means of urban regeneration has attracted widespread attention. This paper focuses on Dortmund's Westfalenstadion project in the Ruhr area of Germany, and analyzes in depth how the project has led the surrounding areas to realize the regeneration of old industrial areas with sports and culture projects through field surveys, historical retrospectives, etc. The results of the study show that: (1) Dortmund has successfully transformed from a traditional heavy industrial city into a sustainable and intelligent technology city by grasping the opportunities of globalization and implementing the Ruhr Area Transformation Plan, and the Westfalenstadion project is precisely an exploratory practice for the regeneration of the old industrial area led by sports culture in accordance with the trend. (2) In the course of the project, the capital invested by the federal government and the city government has gradually been reduced, and the participation of the soccer club has been weakened, with social capital taking a dominant role in construction and operation. (3) The development of the stadium has significantly promoted the transformation of the surrounding land use, with the pattern of land use shifting from greenfield and residential areas, which were mainly for the primary and secondary industries, to the tertiary industry-based. The development of the stadium has significantly promoted the transformation of the surrounding land use, shifting the land use pattern from primary and secondary industry-oriented green areas and residential areas to tertiary industry-oriented comprehensive functional land use, and optimizing the spatial functional structure. (4) The construction of the stadium has enhanced Dortmund's global reputation, promoted the upgrading of the industrial structure to the tertiary industry, increased the local employment rate, accelerated the construction of infrastructure, improved the quality of life of the residents, and thus promoted the structural renewal and modernization of the city. By summarizing the development experience of the project and the mechanism of the old industrial area regeneration driven by the sports and cultural projects construction, we finally put forward the experience that can be borrowed by China, with a view to providing ideas for the ongoing renewal of old industrial areas in China.
体育文化项目 / 旧工业区更新 / 城市转型 / 威斯特法伦球场 / 多特蒙德 {{custom_keyword}} /
sports culture projects / regeneration of old industrial area / urban transformation / the Westfalenstadion / Dortmund {{custom_keyword}} /
图1 1970年、1990年、2000年、2020年威斯特法伦球场周边不同类型土地面积统计情况注:商服用地指其他经营性服务业及其相应附属设施用地,下同。 Fig. 1 Areas of different types of land use of Westfalenstadion in 1970, 1990, 2000 and 2020 |
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