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    Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Zhang Hualing
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    China is a country which is deficient in forests. China just had some partially data about it's forest resources until the 'Four-Five' Survey, a thorough investigation made on forests in the midseventies. It was the first time for China through the 'Four-Five' Survey to find out the forest resources of the whole country, including the gross area of forests, the area and growing stock of woodland and sparse woods land, and the area of shrubbey. Meanwhile, the geographic distribution of the forests, the structure of dominant species and the age composition were also found out exclusively. Most provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities made the surveys by means of the small-group investigation, surveying all woodlands one by one. Afterwards, every province made macrosampling survey of it's forest resources, named as 'Five-Five' Survey from 1978 to 1981. The results of those two surveiys are almost identical and show clearly that China's forests are so little that it's forest cover rate is far lower than the average level of the world and that of the typical countries in the world.The area of China's forest regions in the early period of history was about several times larger than that of today. The present situation of woods and lumber deficiency was caused by forest fire, destructive lumbering, and especially the overreclaiming and overgrazing over the past thousand years in China's agricultural society. This damaging process has been still continuing.China's natural conditions and the situation of the land are suitable for forestry. China can expand the area of forests by a big margin and rise the growing stock. It is possible for China to expand it's forests to 252 million ha. and rise the growing stock more than 21000 m3, both are more than two times that of the present. Even though, China's forest resources will not meet all the needs of ecological environment protection and the demands of economic growth.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Zhang Ben
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    In this paper, there is an overall evaluation about territorial resources in Poyang Lake district and the strategy of exploitation and renovation is proposed. Poyang Lake district is rich in natural resources and has enormous exploitable potentialities. But the economic development in Poyang Lake district has been influenced by frequently happened natural calamities (such as flood, drought et al.), unreasonable economic structures, under developed commodity production, higher increasing human population as well as science, technology and culture behind and worsening environment. In order to exploit and renovate Poyang Lake district, there is a series of strategic suggestions, such as (1) prevent flood and drought, (2) bring the water of the lake into full play, (3) optimize economic and industrial structure, (4) utilize the territory resources reasonably, (5) bring the agricultural superiority of the district into full play, (6) control population growth strictly, (7) increase intelligen-tial investment, (8) raise population quality and (9) promote the progress of science and technology.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Guo Wenqin, Xie Yong
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    It's the core of regional economic development in choosing industrial development model on the basis of the systematic charasteristic of Ganjiang Valley. The main points of industrial development model of Ganjiang Valley are as follows: (1) promote the utilization of resources effectively. (2) produce superior and replaced products. (3) realize the transform of industrial structure of resources producing-processing-technology applying gradully tend to from lower reaches to upper. (4) promote ecology-economy good circle so that resource exploit and territory administer tend to upper reaches to lower.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Yao Shimou, Liu Zhendang, Han Ming, Zhang yun
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    The Southern part of Fujian Province, situated in the south sub-tropical zone of China with rich and varied natural resources, is a valuable-land in Fujian. It has an important strategic position facing to Taiwan province, and near to Hongkong and Macao. In the golden triangular area of South Fujian, there are three cities and 19 counties, which cover an area of 25,000 Sq. Km, with a population of over ten millions. The physical environment is-quite varied and human activities add to the complexity in delta. This region is known popularly as an overseas Chinese native land and treasured place for industrial and agricultural production in addition to the fine climate conditions and the rich natural resources.Exploit natural resources and cultivated lang have a long history. Nevertheless, due to the unreasonable expolitation in the past, there exist the soil erosion, soil and water loss, environmental degradation and damage of landscape. This paper is trying to define a way of development in the South Fujian from four aspect:1. Adjusting agricultural structure and rationally using physical resources are an important way to increase land productivity.2. It is an important subject to control the soil and water loss, appositely to exploit natural resources, and protect environment in South Fujian.3. Rationally using the shoal and point bar, develop fishery and protect aquatic resources.4. According to local conditions, emphasis should be laid on the combination of land utilization and conservation, the preservation of land productivity to make the ecological environment better, and take care of land function, land productivity and land suitability.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Liu Changming
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    The present paper discusses agricultural water supply in the plain downstream of the Ha-ihe Basin, where water is unsatisfied with water demand. On the basis of water saving policy concerned with water development and management, the concept of an analytical model for decision making is suggested in this paper. The model can be used for either large area or small area. In this paper a large plain area of the Haihe Basin is taken as a case study.The mathematical model is obtained as follows: Where: Z = total profit (value of the objective function);B=benefits of water use;C = costs of water supply; = management level at e;I = water duty; A = irrigation acreage to be developed by using different flooding technigues, subscript of i;n = farming structure (cropping system);m = source of water (water supply combination);P = reliability of water supply. In this study, n and m are constants.There are many constraints involved in the model such as water amount, irrigation acreage, irrigation technique etc.The results show that water saving would be of the most important alternative to solve the problem of water shortage in the Haihe Plain. The net benefit of water supply through water saving techniques can be positive in a dry year. Enhancing the irrigation management should be emphasized on water saving. On the basis of water saving agricultural water resources can be supplemented through water diversion from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) to the Haihe Plain with a reasonable scale. Before the implementation of the water diversion a countermeasure of adjusting the cropping system of the Haihe Plain to mitigate water shortage is likely to be advisable.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Li Kehuang, Qin Yaochen
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    On the basis of analysing the state of the landuse in Xixia county in 1985, in this paper. We applied the method of optimization models, and developed the land use optimazation model, including 9 decision variables and their coefficients and 12 constrants, for the whole county, and further, three sub-models representing hilly areas, near mountainous areas and remote mountainous areas respectively, and pointed out the goals set for agricultural output value in 1990 and their strategic measures to achieve. The computed results of the models have shown that the agricultural structure of Xixia county in 1990 will change greatly in that values of the forestry-antmal husbandry-fishery will exceed that of the crop, the land resources in this county will be more rationally used.In this paper, we expounded the principle and methods developing land use optimization models in mountainous countyes, and suggested that optimization model be a comprehensive and quantitative approach to rationally planning land resources. Using this method, we can make quantitative synthesis on the basis of analysis, and express in its concise mathematical models the complex systems of land use, and analog the behaviour of the systems in modern computer techeniques, and seek the optimum project on the conditions of restraints and objective function optimization, and thus make the goal of both economic and ecologic benefits optimized.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Niu Wenyuan
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    Zipf Theorem (Zipf, G. K., 1949) is a very valuable rule to express the morphological distribution of non-continuous series in human society or natural world. In our research, the Theorem seems to be the first use in the world for the quantitative calculation of natural resources. In this paper, we have applied the principle of Zipf Theorem to achieve more comprehensive explanation of non-continuous resources arrangement according to their order in the series. For instance, "rank-size" relation of species in spatial structure, distribution of city population, and so forth.Zipf Theorem has been extended to a new form including all of states. That isfrom Pr -= P0/rto Pr = P0/rbin which, P0-the amount of the first order in a non-continuous series; Pr-the amount ofthe order r, r-number in the series; b-a key parameter discovered.If b = 1, it is equivalent to Zipf form. If b≠1 (e. g. b<1, b = 0, 0<1, b>1, b→∞), the curves of the series in graph would have various geometric shape. However, it is interesting that these curves have been the same family of Zipf Theorem. The research has already proved that the extension can exist on some universal basis. Also, we used annual average runoff of Chinese 26 rivers as the case study to examine the conclusion. The result is quite satisfactory. In our discussion, how to analyse the signification of value b and go further into the mechanism governing behaviour of the parameter b will be our new target. We have also discovered, a possible relationship between Zipf Theorem and "Strange Attractor" is existing.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Li Shishun, Dai Changda, Hu Deyong
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    The 1:200,000 SPOT false color image of Beijing area on Mar. 2, 1986 was enlarged to 1:50,000 picture. The character and amount of information of SPOT image were studied in detail. It was compared with other remote sensing image, aerial photograph and various map data and obtained the changes of land use and environment in recent years in area of Beijing urban and suburb. The results show that SPOT image is more distinguishable than MSS image of first generation resource satellite, satisfies the requirement of land utilization mapping of which the scale is 1:50,000, and could be widely used for estimating population, land utilization and environment changes.