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    Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Dongye Maixing
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    Although our .country is rich in resources of .phosphate mineral, the phosphate .mine has been developing slowly and the phosphate fertilizer supply has been insufficient because of lacking a stratigic planning in phosphate .industry for a long time. This has resulted in disproportion of nitrogenous, phosphate and potash .fertilizers .applied to the farmland.According to statistics, two thirds of the .farmland in the whole country,is short of phosphorus and the situation of half of such farmland, is severe. It has led to the "decreasing remuneration" phenomenon in agriculture.In this article, the demand prediction of the phosphate mine and phosphate fertilizer is made on the basis of the phosphate industry development in our country. The development steategy of phosphate industry and the macrosc topic layout of production are pointed out in accordence with the distribution of agriculture and phosphate mineralrresources and the conditions related to exploitation and construction. The reasons are .given that we should develop our own phosphate industry, follow the general planning of national economy, and set up four large scale comprehensive bas'es of phosphate industry (The main base is of the resource type; the complementary bases are of the comprehensive type, the coastline type and the consumption type).The proposal for developing the TS double structure network .of phosphate industry is also presented. Following this development .stratigy, with commercial development and progress in industrialization of phosphate industry,the pattern ,of raw material——proccessing——circulation——comsumption will tend to be obvious, the economical and industrial adyantegesin different regions will tend to be stable, the regions specialized in phosphate industry will be formed gradually, and our country's phosphate industry will be among the leading ones in the world.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Chen Chuanyou, Guan Zhihua
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    The Qiang-tang Plateau is the main part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. . Its average height is more than 5,000 metres above sea-level and its total area covers 71.6,000 square kilometres,occupying 7.5% of the land area-of our country.The' whole 'plateau "is cold and dry and has "many lakes, glaciers, and rivers. It is the highest and newest large inland plateau in the world. Water is the lifeblood of the living creatures and plants on the plateau. It has about 23.615 billion cubic metres of water, including the surface runoff and the ground water. The average-modulus of water is 33,000 cubic metres/km2, but at present it is evaporated after flowing into the lakes. If we overdevelop -he runoff water resource, it will lead to the violation of law of water circulation and artificially accelerate the perishment of the lakes. So, in .order to solve the problem of water for industry and agriculture in the future, what we should do is to try every means" "to "reduce the evaporation and get hold of the water available. It is by way of this that our economy can be developed and the ecological balance of the plateau can be maintained.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Zhang Ben
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    This paper summarized the current situation on land, water, climate and the biological resources of Poyang lake, and the specific features has been analysed. The Poyang lake is the largest fresh water lake in China, the area covered fluctuates very much from the high water level season to the low. During the low water level season, the Poyang lake is consists of many small lakes. Though the annual average flowing surface water attains to as high as 1457 × 108m3, but the lake is just a passing water lake. Obviously, it does not play the effective role of the regulation of the flood storage for the Yangtze river, furthermore, it effects ofter not at a righi-time, nevertheless, the yearly and monthly variations are big enough. The over all water quality till keeps good, but the lake has been polluted already. The Poyang lake is a region of the high sunshine hours, evaporation values and wind resources of the district. The lake is an ais-temperature regulator. The biological resources is abundant in Poyang lake, makes it a complete waters ecosystem and makes it a complete lake beach-grassybar ecosystem that alternates of water or land.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Xue Jinding, Zhu Guangyuan, Gao Zengyi
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    This paper deals with the long-term macro-level forecast and the "rational structure' of rural energy requirements in the hill and mountain regions of southern Henan Province according to the present conditions of rural energy resources and energy consumption, and provides recommendations for solving the rural energy problems of these regions.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Lu Jingxuan, Liu Tanren, Hui Sibo, Zhao Wenyuan, Ha Hong
    A hydraulic mathematical model of furrow. irrigation with free draining end boundary was established by using the kinematic-wave method in this paper, and a good agreement between the model result and the field test was found. The established model shows good calculation stability, high speed, and small storage. It can be used in microcomputer. In this study, we adopt a new concept that the irrigating water quota is used to control the amount of irrigation water and that the uniform coefficient is used to evaluate the irrigation result. At the same time, we put forth a trial and error method to study the way to determine the rational combination of technical parameters for furrow irrigation under the conditions of free draining end boundary and blocked end boundary.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Wang Daolong
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    The author proposes applying the planning method to conduct cropland irrigation in arid and semiarid regions where water supplies are limited, and takes winter wheat as an example to show how to do it in Quzhou county of .Hebei province. The total yield of the new irrigation plan worked-out according to the planning method increases about 18% over that of the traditional irrigation method adopted at present.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Deng Wanming
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    The preliminary results of a comprehensive geological investigation on the volcanic group are reported in this paper. On the basis of field study and the textual research of some documents, the author queries very much the validity of "the eruption of No. 1 volcano in 1951". A host of facts indicate that there was no presence of lava flow in 1951. The lake in this basin was formed before the volcanic eruption. Thus, it is not a checked-np lake, but a tectonic lake in genesis.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Yang Hanxi
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    The development of modern ecology is ten :atively classified into 5 stages as follows:1. The establishment of ecology stage (1866-1903)This stage refers to the period from the definition of ecology by E. Hackel (1966) to the seporation of autoecology and synecology by C. Schroter (1903). The importance of two books of Warming and Schimper is emphasized.2. The parallel development of plant ecology and animal ecology stage (1904-1958)——The study of plant community stageEmphasis is laid on the study of plant community by 4 main Schools, i.e., Anglo-American School, Zurich-Monpellier School, Upssala School, and Soviet Union School.3. The Ecosystem Stage (1959-1974)The International Biological Programme (1964-1974) is described as the meinstream of ecological study. New developments in other fields are mentioned as well.4. The ecological sciences stage (1975--1983)Ecology has been developed into a network of ecological sciences which can be classified by 5 different criteria. Many new interdisciplinary fielde have been developed.5. The Conceiving of "New ecology" stage (1984-)The traditional ecological principls. like Darwin's "struggle of existance",are challenged. New discoveries and ideas are burgeoning in different fields of ecology.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Huang Wanli
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    This paper analyzes the status of abundance of water resource and adequacy of its monthly distribution in China through the yearly precipitation and monthly temperatures of January and July of several Chinese cities in comparison with those of various regions in the northern hemisphere of the world. Next it explains the right meaning of water resource of a region or a watershed and presents formulas for estimating the available quantities of local and alien water resources by discriminating between that available in nature and that economically utilizable to mankind. The utilizable water resource of a region is analyzed into three items: the local effective rainfall, the deep artesian water, and the feasibly introduced water from alien districts. Finally, it presents the four available means of accruement of water resource in China from analysis of the relations existing between the utilized quantities of water resource and the agricultural climate of the district as expressed in temperature, duration of sunshine and precipitation during the non-frost period.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Chen Nianping
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    Several problems in the study of the population supporting capacity of land resources are discussed in this paper. The problems are the understanding of definition, the calculating of land productivity and crop yield, the evaluating of land resources, and the adjusting of land use structure.How to define and understand the population supporting capacity of land resources is the key in the study. A specified land evaluation for the study is the necessary foundation for the land productivity calculating and the land use structure adjusting. The predicted crop yield based on economic statistics can not represent land productivity. There are also some problems in crop yield calculated by the method of AEZ.