Archive

  • Select all
    |
    Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    ZHANG Xianzhou, LIU Yunfen, ZHANG Yiguang, ZHOU Yunhua
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on measurement data of winter wheat field in the Tibet Plateau, the dynamic change curves of dry matter production of winter wheat under present climatic as well as suitable soil water and fertilizer conditions are obtained by means of simulation models. The results show that on the Tibet Plateau, the growing period of wheat is prolonged because the climate in summer is cool. And the high yield of wheat in Tibet Plateau is due to the long accumulating time of dry matter. The advantageous temperature in summer is the key reason of the high yield of the winter wheat in the Tibet Plateau. The potential yield of the dry matter of the winter wheat in the Tibet Plateau is 32t/ha.The potential yield of the grain is 14 4t/ha and 1 45 times as much as that on the plain.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    WANG Yanglin, HAN Dang
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The theoretical focuses of emerging Landscape Ecology are spatial hete rogeneity and ecological holism. The ultimate aim of agrolandscape sustainability is the harmonious relation between human and its environment, that is, the human ecological holism. The study on agrolandscape sustainability deals with an extensive area, and the realization of agrolandscape sustainability must depend on a spatial approach. Therefore, Landscape Ecology could be taken as the theoretical foundation of agrolandscape planning and design.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    FAN Yezheng, GUO Laixi
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Chinas 18000 kilometer long coastline has great potential for the deve lopment of seashore tourism. The unique natural conditions, particutarly the mild climate, have attracted numerous tourists to come for the leisure or convalescent tourism on seashore. The research focuses on the physiological climate of coastal cities and small offshore islands in China.Four indexes—temperature, humidity, wind velocity and sunshine hours were selected in this research. Each of the indexes has its own effect on a body of person, so two integrated indexes were employed in the research. One is temperature humidity index, it shows true temperature sense of body; and the other one is index of wind effect, it shows true wind sense of body. These two indexes are calculated from temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and sunshine hours. The data from 37 observatory(25 coastal cities and 12 small offshore islands)were analyzed in this research. The influence of tropical cyclone and cold airflow was also considered. In this research, it is found that there are about 4~6 months convalescent climate for tourism in Bohai Gulf and southern Hainan coastal cities, in addition, there is great seasonal complementarity between the two areas. It is also found that the climate is not very good for tourism in the other coastal cities of China.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    YIN Kangqian, NI Jinren
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the wetland classification systems presented in the companion paper, typical mathematical models are further developed for wetlands. Special attentions are paid to the series of hydrological models, including surface runoff mo delling, hydrodynamic modelling, water quality modelling, sediment transport mo delling, etc. Secondly, the simple relationship among the models as well as that between hydrological models and ecological models are discussed. According to the analysis stated in this paper, various wetland classification indexes characterized by dynamic behaviours physically, chemically or biologically could be quantitatively des cribed by the given mathematical models. It is indicated that the comprehensive classification system for wetlands allow for feasible introduction of wetland models, but the complete coupling of all the models is still not possible in the present stage. Thus, simple causality analysis becomes very necessary in the study of wetland mo delling.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    LEI Ming
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In references 1 and 2, we made a study of integrated accounting of natural resources economy based on input output accounts. One kind of natural resources economy input output accounting table and model was designed, the relevant issues such as natural resources fee and environmental tax issue, pricing issue etc. were also analyzed in those papers. As a follow up study, we focus on green GDP (Gross Domestic Products) accounting in this paper. One operative calculation method of green GDP was put forward on the basis of the natural resources economy input output accounting table and model, and the Chinas green GDP of 1992 was calculated by considering coal used and SO2 emission.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    FANG Yan
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In view of the deteriorating agricultural pollution caused by application of substantial chemical pesticides to control pest as well as failure control to due to pests resistance to the chemicals in Chinas major cotton producing areas, an IPM pilot project financed by Asian Development Bank and conducted by CABI was implemented in China's Tianmen City,Hubei Province from 1993 to 1996. This project was aimed at studying and developing an IPM technical system suited to Chinas major cotton producing areas in order to control pest damage and improve eco environment.Compared with the guideline and measures of China's plant protection system, the IPM project was more environmental protection oriented technically and more decentralized in terms of decision making (decision making by farmers), both of which were closely related. Theory and practices have proven that technical reform quite often leads to social reform and structural reform. The IPM project has two features in this respect: (a)Unlike the usual technical reform caused by land and population pressure, the IPM project was one caused by environmental pressure;(b) Technical reform used to be pulled back by the rural social structure, especially farmers' resistance to new technology while this IPM project met its major obstacle from highly centralized pest management system, namely the structural factor. The key to the problem is who makes decisions in pest management. Although farmers have the right to operate on their contracted land, they are not the decision makers for pest management of their own land. Because the farmer households are of small scale and separated from each other and cotton pests usually outbreak at a sudden, infect large areas of cotton and have a migratory feature, a highly centralized top to bottom management system has taken shape in Tianmen with the local authorities as the decision makers. Being held responsible for local cotton production, the local authorities take a very prudent attitude towards adoption of every integrated management measure.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    WU Dongmei, ZHANG Jianhong, LU Shanlan, ZHAO Jinkui
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper studies the fertilization of gangue weathering matter centered around its serious deficiencies in organic active matter and available nutrients. The results showed that application rate of each time should not be high because of its low absorbability and low fertility preserving capability. Proceed from reducing investment and difficulties in reclamation and quick establishment of a self maintaining vegetation, the paper advances a fertilization strategy of combining chemical fertilizer with sludge, and studies the fertilization effect of sludge.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    XING Shihe, LIN Wenxiong, YANG Judian, LIAO Jingsi, LIN Hongrong
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Taking market demand as guidance, the multipurpose linear programme of resources was carried out according to the principle and method of ecology and systematic theory based on the analysis of resources superiority and problems of Xiao cun suburban hilly gully area. The overall scheme,“ taking freshwater fish and duck farming as a lead , stabilizing orchard areas, developing high benefit planting”, was formulated by analyzing material circulation, energy transformation and economic benefit of the ecosystem. The land resources were stereoscopically and dynamically developed by following measures: improvement of low yield and young orchard, cultivating famous and special tree species,breeding high yield pond product and establishing of high benefit planting. A steady artificial agricultural ecosystem was established, which achieved marked economic, social and ecologic benefits.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    YANG Xiu, LI Wenhua
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    According to the principle of harmonious development of integrated farming system, based on material and energy flow and economic value flow in the existing agriculture system in consideration of restrained factors of land area, manpower, livestock power, social demand and fodder amount in the investigation area, an optimization structure was suggested. In the light of the optimization model, the total net profit of farming and animal husbandry can be 69 14% more than that of conventional one, and the system's comprehensive profit index can be increased by 33.48%, which indicated that this optimization design can provide significant benefits for adjusting the structure of agriculture system in the investigation area.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    ZHANG Guangyu, LIU Yongqing
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper improves a system structure model in the following respects. First, a multihierarchical system of classification and subsystem are established. Second, relations between units of a system are described by the fuzzy similarity matrix, which is transformed into 0 1 matrix by selecting different cut matrix. The improved model is applied to the hierarchical classification of land resources, and a rational distribution of land resources is achieved.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    WU Honggan, QIAO Yanyou
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper demonstrates a simple method of monitoring stand needle biomass and its changes in masson pine forest with Landsat TM data. The forest health situation can be known by comparing monitored satellite data with basic data obtained by forest resources investigation. According to the macroscopically monitored results, an experienced forester can predict the development trend of damage and present corresponding protecting strategy. Thus, the task of macroscopic monitoring and predicting forest damages caused by pests can be realized.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    LIU Hailing, WU Shimin, WEI Changxing, YANG Shukang, ZHANG Wenhuan, ZHANG Yixiang
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    A potential new freshwater resources, seafloor freshwater resources, is proposed based on the analysis of regional geologic structural and sequence stratigraphic characteristics in coastal estuarine areas.The features of the“generating moving filtering reservoiring capping” conditions for the formation of seafloor freshwater in the areas are studied.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    YAO Jianmin
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on in depth studies of structure of membranes, the principle of water osmosis in single direction was put forward, and water osmotic plastic film was designed and developed. Plastic film of the kind possesses various functions such as temperature preservation, temperature regulation, water percolation, water conservation and micro air ventilation.The tests covered with water osmotic plastic film showed an increase of 15 7%~38 3% in grain yield, 1%~4 5% of increase in soil water over conventional membrane, and double increase in grain yield than no covered.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    LI Jinhua
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Primates, as mankind related animals, are a kind of unique and interes ting tour attractive resources. Though there exist 19 species of primates in China, they are all under endangered status and cited in the list of the first—or second—grade national protected species. Therefore, the contradiction of exploitation and conservation for them is relatively serious. How to resolve the contradiction in order to improve both economic development and primate conservation is an urgently resolved problem under the current market economic conditions. Based on tourism exploitation for Tibetan monkeys (Macaca thibetana) at Huangshan mountains, Anhui Province, the paper discusses the dialectical relation between tourism exploitation and conservation, and proposes some problems that should be taken notice of and measures to cope with them in such a tourism exploitation.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    BAO Weikai, CHEN Qingheng
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper reviews systematically the ecological and biological characte ristics of Taxus plants, distribution, present storage and usable amounts of wild resources of all species available in China, as well as present status of exploitative research and clinical practices of taxol agents in China.Existing problems in the process of taxus resources exploitation and further development strategies and countermeasures are also revealed. Four species and one variety of Taxus grow in China, namely T. cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc.,T.yunnanensis Chang et L. K. Fu, T. chinensis(Pilger) Rehd., T. wallichianna Zucc., and T.chinensis var. mairei(Lemee et levl.) Chang et L. K. Fu. Except T. chinensis, wild resources storage of other species is not as much as what people expected. The available storage is very limited because of recent excessive exploitation and long time destruction of taxus plant contained forests. Exploitative researches of taxus resources in China mainly focus on organic analysis of chemical composition, separation and purification of taxol, probe into quick expansion of usable taxus resources, searching for alternatives of taxus resources, clinical test of taxol agents, etc. About 110 taxoane diterpenoids have been isolated and identified form all species in China, but taxol is most active in resisting tumos.Taxol contents in different parts of all species in various habitats have concluded and the optimal region where taxus spp. trees with high content of taxol grow and some optimal population have found out. Many units have the capability to isolate taxol, but only a limited number of them can purify and make taxol agents. Because the material for producing taxol is so scarce that many units have started to study artificial asexual propagation and tissue culture technology of taxus spp. plant. The former has been succeeded and is being expanded, but the latter still needs much work to be done. Confirmed by Chinese Health Department in February of 1995, taxol agents produced by several units had been used in clinical experiences and exhibited remarkable potential for the treatment of various cancers and tumors. Taxus resources exploitation in China is now oriented towards taxol industry, however, many problems still need to be solved satisfactorily,such as effecctive protection and research on present wild taxus spp. trees and their habitats, quick development of artificial propagation material by asexual reproduction, technological improvement of purifying taxol extraction and how to reduce resources wastes, etc.