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• 2000 Volume 15 Issue 4
  Published: 25 December 2000

    

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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
  

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Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  Approach to dynamic relationship between population,resources,environment and development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  CHENG Shengkui,SHEN Lei

  2000, 15(4): 297-304. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.001

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  The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is one of the special geographical territories in western China.Whether population,resources,environment and economy are mutually coordinated is highly responsible for the sustainable and healthy development either in the Plateau or in western China or even all over China. This article briefly analyses the concept of sustainable development and its significance and considers that the sustainable development model is an inevitable choice both in reality and for the future of the Plateau. The quantitative analysis based on the intermodulation relationships between population,resources,environment and economy of the Plateau,leads to the conclusion that rapid population growth and its lower quality constitutes the most fundamental barrier to the sustainable development of the Plateau;the rich endowed resources but increasing pressure from population growth are the potential menace to restrict the sustainable development of the Plateau;the dismatch between population,resources and economy and inadequate carrying capacity constitute the great burden of the Plateau;irrational resources exploitation severely threatens the vulnerable eco environmet in the Plateau,which is an incubative crisis of the Plateau.Finally,the article puts forward some essential measures for the realization of sustainable deve lopment of the Plateau such as moderately controlling population growth,rationally utilizing natural resources,optimizing economic structures,actively protecting ecology and environment of the Plateau.
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  Analysis on the comparative advantages of natural resources for insuring food security in Tibet

  NYIMA Tashi

  2000, 15(4): 315-322. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.002

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  This paper analyzes the comparative advantages of natural resources for insuring food security of Tibet The results showed that the resources of solar energy,bio diversity and tourism have great comparative advantages in Tibet Water resources and mineral reserves also have great potential but at present it is lacking of economic capacity for exploitation and development Land resources such as cultivated land,rangelands and forest land,which are fundamental bases for food security,have both advantage of large area and disadvantages of low quality in Tibet Future food security of Tibet will be depending upon effective combination of all the advantages of natural resources,integrated management and sustainable use of the natural resources
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  The exploitation potentiality of land and countermeasure in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  LI Mingsen

  2000, 15(4): 323-327. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.003

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  The Qinghai Tibet Plateau abounds in vast land resources,but the quality and quantity of land suitable for farming,forestry and animal husbandry is inhomogeneous and the exploitation potentiality of land is also different.So the important countermeasures for rational exploitation of land and sustainable development of agriculture are to raise per unit area production level of the existing cultivated land,strengthen the grassland construction,raise the commodity rate of livestock products,prohibit deforestation and protect natural forests,and energetically develop economic forests and undergrowth resources.
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  Strategy and countermeasure for sustainable development of animal husbandry in Qinghai

  ZHANG Yaosheng,ZHAO Xinquan,ZHOU Xingmin

  2000, 15(4): 328-334. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.004

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  Qinghai Province is one of the largest 5 stockbreeding districts in China,there are 3161×104 ha of grassland that can be used in the province.Under long term traditional nomadic system,grasslands have been poorly and inadequately protected and managed.To increase animal number,over grazing has become a common phenomenon,leading to serious degeneration of grassland,deterioration of eco environ ment,frequent occurrence of natural disaster,and the lower economical benefit.Actualizing the strategy of sustainable development of animal husbandry on this kind of basis,the policy of prospering animal husbandry taking advantages of science,technology and education was needed.It is also necessary to intensify the production bases of animal husbandry,gain ecologic and economic benefits simultaneously,promote industrialization of animal husbandry and develop commercialized production.In order to realize sustainable development of animal husbandry,the following measures should be taken,including introduction of high efficiency,intensive production system of animal husbandry,developing animal products with plateau features and market competitiveness,bring eco environment under control and the grassland resource protected on the basis that animal husbandry becomes a high benefit production system.
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  Rational exploitation of grassland resources in the Northern Xizang Plateau

  LI Mingsen

  2000, 15(4): 335-339. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.005

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  The Northern Xizang Plateau covering an area of 600,000km₂ with an altitude higher than 4,000 m.a.s.l.is climatically cold and dry.So,there is no resident in most part of this physical region where the most severe eco environment is found in Qinghai Xizang Plateau.It is the largest pasture in Xizang as 55% of the total area of Northern Xizang Plateau is utilizable grassland.Of which the dominant alpine steppe and desert steppe consisting chiefly of Stipa purpurea and Carex moorcroftii are suitable for Tibetan sheep,but the output of fresh grass is less than 800kg/ha and the grazing season is limited to Jun Sep.In addition,the soils of the grassland contain much sand and gravel,very weak in resisting against erosion.So the grassland ecosystem is very fragile.Now,1/3 of the grasslands has been threatened to erosion or desertification and 4% has been degraded due to overgrazing.So the important principle for exploiting grasslands in Northern Xizang Plateau is to protect grasslands by maintaining ecological stability.Such as the alpine desert steppe with the lowest suitability for grazing and the desertified alpine steppe must be prohibited from being grazed or closed off for protection,the grazing intensity of most part of the alpine steppe should be under control or permit moderate grazing in order to guarantee sustainable utilization and get good economic ecological benefits.
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  Sustainable development of forestry resources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  DENG Kunmei

  2000, 15(4): 340-347. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.006

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  Based on analysis on current status,characteristics and developing tendency of forestry resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau,we can conclude that there are abundant forestry resources with high value of utilization in the region,but they poorly distributed with low quality.Integrated resources exploitation and management along with protection are efficient way for the region to keep sustainable development
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  Strategic thoughts on industrial allocation in the key regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  SHEN Lei

  2000, 15(4): 348-357. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.007

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  This article considers that modern industries with specific characteristics should be deliberately developed in the comparatively advantageous key regions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.It mainly analyzes the general outline and strategic objectives for the industrial development in the key regions of the Plateau and points out the general directions of the industrial development and the framework of regional industrial allocation.In accordance to coordinate the relationships between different kinds of industries,it is held that the following industries should be developed in the key regions.Those include metallurgical industries dominated by iron and steel,iron alloy,non ferrous and gold;chemical industries of salt lake resources,oil and natural gas;and building material industries for meeting the internal requirements in the Plateau;and some manufacturing industries with certain foundations such as machine electronics and light and textile industries,and Tibetan handicrafts industry.
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  A study on prospect of industrial development in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  ZHAO Jianan

  2000, 15(4): 358-362. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.008

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  This paper analyzes the history and situation of industrial development in the Qinghai Tibet plateau.In light with industrial transformation and growth of the plateau,the author puts forward that the plateau should take advantages of natural resources and establish industrial development strategy in the new century.Meanwhile,the paper also indicates the transformation and development directions for the leading industries.The main contents include to set up large agro industrial system with“principal grain crops”as the core,construct developing bases of hydraulic power and mineral resources,foster the new pillar industries with tourism industry,and speeds up the pace of constructing infrastructure and central towns and cities in the Qinghai Tibet plateau.Of which,the basic construction of resources exploitation is the main developing direction in the key regions.These key regions include the He Huang valley,the Qaidam Basin,river valleys in southern Qinghai Tibet plateau and the contiguous area Sichuan Yunnan Tibet.
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  Threshold study on transportation and industrial development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  JIN Fengjun,LIU Yi

  2000, 15(4): 363-368. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.009

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  It is very clear that the transport is one of the most important factors for economic development in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau where the poor transport infrastructure has affected local economic development.In Qinghai Tibet Plateau,high transportation cost and long transport distance of the products has not only limited the competitiveness of local enterprises,but also raised market price of the products from other parts of the country.However,in some areas,there are partly development potentials for some industries due to the superior natural resources and relative favorable transport conditions.In this paper,the relationship between transportation cost and economic development is discussed.The development strategies of comparative advantage and unbalanced development should be properly worked out for local economic development.For example,according to the transportation cost,developing local cement industry is benefit for local economy in Tibet.Some key natural resources,such as salt,chromite,and so on,should be developed as key sectors in some areas.
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  An analysis of urbanization and its dynamical mechanism in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  FU Xiaofeng

  2000, 15(4): 369-374. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.010

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  Due to unique condition of climate and undeveloped state,in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau had witnessed a slow urbanization process.The development standard of cities and towns had been very low until 1952.Over the 40 years since then,the development of cities and towns in Qinghai Tibet Plateau has made a great progress.The course of urbanization has been accelerated.Since the physical and human environment is unique,the course of development of cities and towns and urbanization is also unique This article elaborates the characteristics of present situation and pro blems of the development of cities and towns and urbanization in Qinghai Tibet Plateau,and analyzes the urbanization dynamic mechanisms of the region.
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  Ecological footprint: A new indicator for sustainability

  LI Lifeng,CHENG Shengkui

  2000, 15(4): 375-382. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.011

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  This article briefly introduced the basic concept,theories of ecological footprint and its approaches to measure sustainable development.Based on the results of the report Ecological Footprints of Nations,global,national and regional ecological footprint were compared and analyzed It argued that the ecological footprints of individuals, region/cities, and nations unveil the sources of global ecological crisis and environmental problems,and now the global ecological footprint has severely exceeded the carrying capacity of the earth To achieve a sustainable future,the potential choices are (a)controlling population growth to decrease the ecological footprint of the growing population,(b)rebuilding environmental friendly lifestyle and consumption,(c)recurring to recycling and energy saving technology to improve the efficiency of resource development and utilization,and (d)protecting natural resources and improving their biological productivity.The possibilities and significance of the application of the ecological footprints in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau were also pointed out.
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  Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS

  Basic work and construction of scientific database in the basic researches for Tibet Plateau

  CHEN Shenbin,LIAO Shunbao,LIN Hui

  2000, 15(4): 383-388. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.04.012

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  In this paper,basic work means a kind of process in which the scientific data,materials and relative information are collected,sorted out,saved,flowed and used.It should pledge the reliability of data,materials and information in this process.It is also including the studies to seek its law and achieve its worth.This kind of work is a part of basic researches.In pace with rapid development of information technology (IT),studying methods for geo science are being continually renewed,studying cycle is being shorted,studying regions are being expended.It is the same situation for the basic researches of the Tibet Plateau.But the basic work including construction of scientific database is still relatively inadequate .This paper sets forth the connotation,significance and developing tendency for basic work.The current situation for basic work in the basic researches of Tibet Plateau is analyzed and the construction of scientific database in recently two years is described.It then points out that relevant departments of the State and leaders connected with Tibetan projects should pay attention to basic work.Data acquisition,processing,digitalization and integration should be strengthened in studying projects.