#### Table of Content

25 February 2007, Volume 22 Issue 1
Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
 Study on Method of Monitoring Rice Planting Area Based on MODIS Data ZHANG Chun-gui, LIN Jing, WU Zhen-hai, PAN Wei-hua 2007, 22 (1):  1-8.  doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.01.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (76KB) ( )   Remote sensing technology which is wide-viewed,speediness,low expenses and accurate compared with traditional investigation way is an ideal method for estimation of rice planting area.This paper,taking Fuzhou region which possesses characteristics of a typical hilly area as a demonstration,obtains the rice potential planting area by using land use map,digital elevation data and altitude data firstly,with the help of GIS,and then estimates the leaf area index(LAI)of rice potential planting area by using MODIS remote sensing data. The results of the analysis of the LAI variational curves of three different ground types,i.e.,town,forest and rice field,in Fuzhou district in 2005 indicated that the LAI variational curve of town is no-peak-value model,the LAI variational curve of forest is single-peak-value model,and the LAI variational curve of rice field is double-peak-value model.The characteristics of LAI sequence of the three different ground types are different apparently.This paper analyses the interannual characteristic change of LAI of rice potential planting area in Fuzhou region by using MODIS data during 2001-2005,and the result shows that the LAI based on MODIS data can reflect sensitively the information of rice growth,at the same time,can reflect the pattern that the early and late rice have been planted in Fuzhou region.The course of rice can be judged by using the whole LAI variational curve of rice,and the course of rice that is judged by LAI variational curve in Fuzhou region during 2001-2005 is very close to the data of observation. The estimation model of rice planting area has been established after the best MODIS images have been pciked in the rice growth season,and the subtract images that can reflect the most relative change of LAI in rice potential planting area have been counted.Research result shows that:the relative estimate error of the early and late rice planting area in hilly area using MODIS data is less than 13%,the average value of relative estimate error of the early rice planting area is 9.5%,the average value of relative estimate error of the late rice planting area is 4.1%,and the estimate precision of late rice is better than the early rice.
 Quantitive Appraisal of Biomass Energy and Its Geographical Distribution in China LIU Gang, SHEN Lei 2007, 22 (1):  9-19.  doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.01.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (982KB) ( )   By using the existed statistics data,this paper estimated the quantity of biomass energy and analyzed its distribution pattern in China.Conclusions are as follows:(1)Biomass energy is very rich in China,and its geographical distribution and quantity depends mainly on the the relationship between ecological zones and the climate conditions.The total quantity of each biomass resource goes as follows:crop residues7.28×108t,distributed mainly in Henan,Shandong, Heilongjiang,Jilin and Sichuan provincesXdung39.26×108t,distributed mainly in Henan,Shandong, Sichuan,Hebei and Hunan provincesXforest and wood biomass 21.75×108t,distributed mainly in T ibet,Sichuan,Yunnan,Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia provincesXcity rubbish1.55×108t,distributed mainly in Guangdong,Shandong,Heilongjiang,Hubei and Jiangsu provincesXwastewater482.4×108t, distributed mainly in Guangdong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shandong and Henan provinces.(2)The potential quantity of all the biomass energy in China in 2004 is 35.11×108tce,and the acquirable quantity is 4.6×108tce with the top five provinces of Sichuan,Heilongjiang,Yunan,Tibet and Inner Mongolia.The respective proportion of crop residues,firwood and dung in the acquirable quantity is 38.9%,36.0% and 22.14%,respectively.(3)Biomass energy distribution varies from province to province in China.If computed by the rural population,the biomass energy density varies from the biggest 14.17tce per capita in Tibet Autonomous Region to the smallest 0.15tce per capita in Zhejiang province.And the relation between biomass energy proportion and primary energy proportion of each province in China shows great potential to explore biomass energy especially in the region where there is a shortage of primary energy.
 Effect of Different Vegetation Restoration Models on Soil Microbial Biomass in Eroded Hilly Loess Plateau XUE Sha, LIU Guo-bin, DAI Quan-hou, DANG Xiao-hu, ZHOU Ping 2007, 22 (1):  20-27.  doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.01.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (216KB) ( )   Vegetations recovery is a key measure to improve eco-environments in the Chinese Loess Plateau.In order to find the effect of soil microbial biomass under different vegetation restoration in this region,six long trial sites located in Zhifanggou Catchment were studied.The results showed that soil microbial biomass,microbial respiration and physiochemical properties increased apparently.After 30 years of de-farming and vegetation recovery,soil microbial biomass C,N,P(SMBC,SMBN,SMBP)and microbial respiration,respectively,increased by 109.01%-144.22%,34.17%-117.09%,31.79%-79.94% and 26.78%-87.59% as compared to the farmland.However metabolic quotient declined dramatically with a percentage decrease of 57.45%-77.49%.Different types of vegetation restoration are differentin improving soil properties.In general,mixed stands of P.tabulaeformis-Amorpha fruticosa and R.pseudoacacia-A.fruticosa had the most remarkable effect,followed by Robinia pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinkii,while fallow land and Pinus tabulaeformis was the smallest.Construction of mixed forest is more effective than that of pure forest in restoring vegetations on the eroded hilly Loess Plateau.The significant relationships were observed between SMBC,SMBP,microbial respiration and physiochemical properties of soil.We think that microbial biomass can be used as indicators of soil quality.
 Principles and Application of Using Entropy-weight-based Multiple-destination Travel Cost Method to Evaluate the Tourism Value of Recreation Resources:A case study of Wuyishan XU Li-zhong, ZHANG Jiang-shan, WANG Fei-feng, Li Guo-ye 2007, 22 (1):  28-36.  doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.01.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (63KB) ( )   Travel cost method(TCM) is one of the most practical and effective methods to evaluate the tourism value of recreation resources,and widely existing multiple-destination problem is one of its most difficult and hot issues.Travel cost distribution model and portfolio of site model have been set up now,and the former has become the first choice for its operated more simply and understood easier,such as travel scenic distribution,ticket cost distribution,stayed-overnights distribution,and so on.Among all these ways,how to decrease the subjective in cost distribution turns out to be the point to the question. An entropy-weight-based multiple-destination travel cost method is put forward in this thesis,which takes into consideration comprehensively the tourist consumption,recreation resources element value and recreation resources impact.Tourist consume index includes tourist's stayed-days,stayed-overnights,ticket cost and other soft cost in some scenic;recreation resources element value index consists of its recreational use value,scientific culture value and its precious and rare degree;its famous degree and period suited for travel constitute recreation resources impact index. A case study of the application of entropy-weight-based multiple-destination travel cost method is demonstrated.The evaluation of the Wuyishan tourism value of recreation resources show that:the native tourism benefits of Wuyishan recreation resources in 2002 was 22.301×108 yuan,including consumer cost of 15.407×108 yuan(1 452 yuan per person)and consumer surplus of 6.894×108 yuan(650 yuan per person).The study result which is reasonable compared with the up-to-date review of outdoor and indoor recreation shows that the entropy-weight-based multiple-destination travel cost method is feasible.
 Eco-gate Flood Model of Tarim River Basin and Its Application——A Case Study of Canmulik HUANG Yue, CHEN Xi, QIAN Jing, WANG Wei-sheng, BAO An-ming 2007, 22 (1):  37-43.  doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.01.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (511KB) ( )   Because of the exploitation and utilization of water resources,water resources consumption in the river basin has changed mainly from natural ecosystem to artificial oasis ecosystem.The control of human being on the water resources has become more and more important,and the effect of gates,weirs and dams become more significant.Eco-gate flood is a special path in Tarim River basin to control water resource and recover natural vegetation,and the running rules of eco-gates base on water distribution and transportation states in the area.This research chose Canmulik Eco-gate as an example and simulated the processes of water overflow within the field.Data of several aspects was used in the simulation,such as topographical data,land surface attribute data,meteorological data and hydrological data.Then,we calculated quantitative relations of flood volume;flood time and flood area by doing statistical analysis on the results of simulations.The model not only created a method to calculate and analyze the effect of ecological flood,but also simulated flow directions and spatial distribution of the water that poured from the eco-gate,and the results of flood simulation accord with observed data very well.In addition,the equations which reveal the rules of flood process and water distribution in the ecological zone of Canmulik have been calculated for giving some pivotal laws of eco-gate running,and can be used in making of water distribution plans.Combining hydrological methods with GIS is a new path to simulate the flood process in small scale,provide some basic knowledge to water resource management of the basin,and is also a new attempt to solve the conflict of society,economy and water resources.But the calibration of the model needs further researches.We are going to combine the observational data of flood processes with the results of RS image interpretation,and make the model more veracity.
 Analysis on the Potential of the Available Agriculture Water Resources in Manas River Valley,Xinjiang LI Yu-yi, ZHANG Hai-lin, ZHANG Feng-hua, CHEN Fu, LAI Xian-qi 2007, 22 (1):  44-50.  doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.01.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (54KB) ( )   Based on the analysis of hydrological data,planting structure and water-saving technology development in Manas River Valley in Xinjiang,the potential of the available agricultu-ral water resources in the future was quantitatively estimated by considering surface water-saving and groundwater exploitation potential.It was considered that the main approach about increasing agricultural water resource was to reduce the waste of surface water in this region according to actual situation of water resources use.The results also showed that the ultimate utilization volume of agricultural water resources in the future can reach 10.75×108m3.The potential of the available agricultural water resources would reach 2.13×108m3 in 2010,of which groundwater and surface water exploitation potential was equivalent to 0.40×108m3 and 1.73×108m3 respectively,which accounted for 18.8% and 81.2% of the total agricultural water resources potential.In 2010～2030,the potential of the available agricultural water resources would equal to 5.33×108m3,which was composed of 1.12×108m3 of groundwater exploitation volume and 4.21×108m3 of surface water-saving,which accounted for 21.0% and 79.0% of the total water-saving potential respectively.This study conclusion can be applied to agriculture water resources exploitation and water-saving planning,which is also very important to realize the rational allocation of water resources and the sustainable development of economy.
 An Integrated Analysis of Hydrological Changes in Shijiazhuang Region Due to Socio-economic Development in the Past 70 Years SHEN Yan-jun, SONG Xian-fang, XIAO Jie-ying, CHEN Jian-yao, TANG Chang-yuan 2007, 22 (1):  51-61.  doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.01.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (365KB) ( )   Urbanization and associated economic development of China have experienced a speedy increase in last decades.Consequently,the local and surrounding areas of large cities in North China are facing to the problem of water scarcity.The current research investigates the development of water resources in Shijiazhuang area during the last 70 years and the associated change of hydrological cycle through historical data analysis,field survey,and groundwater quality and isotopic analysis.This investigation shows the local groundwater of Shijiazhuang mainly accepts vertical recharge through river channels and the lateral recharge from the aquifers in mountainous areas.Urbanization,industrialization,and development of agriculture have largely altered the natural hydrological cycle in the past 70 years,especially the recharge and discharge structure of groundwater system,which could be balanced and self-regulated formerly.Continuous dry-up of rivers in the study area cuts off the major vertical recharge source of groundwater.Meanwhile,the extensive exploitation of groundwater due to municipal,industrial,and agricultural use makes the urban area sifting to a groundwater discharge region from the formerly recharge region.Moreover,the chemical composition of groundwater and its spatial distribution illustrate the change of water quality and regional hydrological environments as well as the drop of groundwater table.
 Analysis on the Driving and Constraint Factors of Crop Straw Gasification and Commercialization Development CHEN Bai-ming, CHEN An-ning, ZHANG Zheng-feng, DU Hong-liang, 2007, 22 (1):  62-69.  doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.01.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (229KB) ( )   Nowadays,the production of crop straw is about 0.79 billion tons every year in China,among them about 0.32-0.4 billion tons can be used as energy by combusting them directly while the rest are thrown away to the field or set on fire directly.To popularize the technology of crop straw gasification could not only decrease the local atmospheric pollution due to setting them on fire optionally and their influence on the flying-off and landing of the plane,but also have great effects on changing the villages'visages and constructing socialistic new rural areas.The analyses show,during the course of resource's commercial development of crop straw gasification,both of the prominent driving forces and the restriction factors exist at the same time.Concretely,there are three main driving forces:the farmers' needs on the high-grade energies(e.g.crop straw fuel gas)are the base to develop the resource of crop straw gasification commercially;to be favorable to fathering the pollution and protecting the environment,to alleviate the supply pressure of the commercial energy nationally,so to lay the economic and social groundwork for future commercialization;and in the first stage,to value high and promote the commercial development of the resource of crop straw gasification by the government is a driving force and opportunity.At the same time,there are two restriction factors:as the price of crop straw fuel gas is on the low side and the huff is almost impossible,the quantity of farmers to use the fuel gas is not in the great scale,the utility of fuel gas is limited,the initial investment to set up the crop straw gasification station is relatively costly,all of them make the economic benefit is not so seductive;the limitation of the activity not controlled by the market is uncovered when the government supports it,the technology of crop straw gasification is still not mature and applied very much,and standardization system to check and accept the equipments and construction process of crop straw gasification is scarce furthermore.
 The Study of Agricultural Land Resource's Total Valuein Hubei Province CAI Yin-ying, LI Xiao-yun, ZHANG An-lu 2007, 22 (1):  121-130.  doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.01.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (270KB) ( )   Agricultural land plays an important multi-dimensional role on human being.It provides not only food and fiber,but also various non-market commodities with characteristics of externalities or public goods.For example,agricultural land provides a variety of important environmental and social services including climate benefits,wildlife habitat,waste treatment,recreational opportunities,and food security.However,traditional economists attention is mostly drawn on the market value of agricultural production.And the non-market values of agricultural land resource usually are ignored.Because most of these services are public goods,the non-market values of agricultural land preservation cannot be directly obtained from the market.So estimating the whole values of agricultural land has become a focus of the field of resource and environmental economics.The whole value of agricultural land includes two parts of market value and non-market value.The market value of agricultural land is the net return from agricultural production.The non-market value originates from the utility that arises from people's willingness to pay to preserve agricultural land resource,which has emerged as the most important non-use or passive use value associated with environmental resources.It is very important to evaluate the total value of agricultural land resource.On the one hand,it can provide a scientific basis for rural-urban land conversion decision-making,and also decrease the risk of high quality agricultural land loss.On the other hand,evaluating the value of agricultural land can reinforce and perfect in the content of agricultural land grade,providing the important function for agricultural land management.Based on random sampling,the total value of different types of agricultural land was evaluated by income approach and contingent valuation method in Hubei province.It is showed that nowadays,the total non-market value of agricultural land is 2514.88 hundred million yuan,which including cultivated land,horticultural land,forest and wetland,almost equal to 39.86% of the GDP of Hubei province in 2004.Among that,the total value of cultivated land is 11398.77 hundred million yuan,and the proportion of non-market value in cultivated land resource value is 8.27%.The total values of horticultural land and wetlands total value are 3715.27 and 10192.81 hundred million yuan in Hubei province,and their proportion of non-market value is 13.64% and 5.48%,respectively.The total non-market value of forests is 506.35 hundred million yuan,with a non-market value of almost 6407yuan per ha.Therefore,the non-market value is an important part of agricultural land resource value.The non-market value of different ecotypes of agricultural land is inversely correlated with the abundance of local agricultural land resources.The more abundant the agricultural land resource,the lower its proportion of non-market value in whole value,and the vice versa.