可能－满意度方法是从系统目标实现的可能度与满意度角度出发，分别建立可能度函数与满意度函数，并且利用一定的并合技术形成综合的可能－满意度的一种多目标决策方法。由于承载力具有相对意义，取决于自然资源的支撑能力和人们追求的生活标准，因此，可能－满意度法可用于承载力研究。文章选取乌海市作为研究区域，选用可能－满意度法，通过构建乌海市人口承载力的指标体系以及可能度和满意度函数，对乌海市未来人口承载力进行分析。结果认为：不同人口规模将面临的资源环境以及社会经济问题是不同的。当总人口小于49×10⁴人时，大气质量问题相对严重；当总人口大于49×10⁴人时，水资源供需矛盾上升为主要问题。当总人口继续超过63×10⁴人时，就业问题比资源环境问题更显严峻。综合各种目标的可能－满意度，乌海市2020年的人口承载力以51×10⁴人为宜，对应的可能－满意度为0.61。

台湾浅滩的沉积物由分选优、磨园度很好的中细砂组成，其中含有数量较丰的贝壳碎片、海滩岩和玄武岩砾等。以水深30m计算，浅滩的总面积为1.5×10⁴km²。浅滩砂一直在巨大暴风浪和合成海流的作用下处于改造和运动状态，浅滩上几乎没有或极少底栖生物，可称谓为海底 “沙漠”。由于浅滩砂数量巨大而浅滩区水浅，它将是一项潜力很大的建材砂矿资源，也是海峡两岸共同的天然财富。下一步的堪研工作必须两岸海洋科技界和产业界联合进行，这片浅滩砂必将造福于两岸人民。

As one of the important mining cities, Anshan was also one of the biggest steel industrial bases in China. In order to offer suggestions for the sustainable development of Anshan city, we should research the status and developing trend of ecological carrying capacity in Anshan city. Based on the unique meaning of mining cities, we established the indicator system about ecological carrying capacity in Anshan city. Using entropy weight and integrated index evaluation method, we researched the situation of ecological carrying capacity in Anshan city during the 10th Five-year Plan, and then we discussed the developing trend of ecological carrying capacity in 2010. The results showed that: during the 10th Five-year Plan, the integrated ecological carrying capacity in Anshan city was in a critical safe state; however, it was increasing throughout the period with an increase from 0.44 to 0.60. Pressure and support indicators were also increasing on the whole, being 0.61 in 2005 but inferior to the safety state. However, the indexes of economic pressure, resource pressure and ecological health were still low. Economic pressure was lower than the critical value from 2001 to 2004; resource pressure was lower than the critical value from 2001 to 2003; and ecological health was lower than it from 2001 to 2002. They would restrict the development of ecological carrying capacity in Anshan. The ecological carrying capacity changed from over loading to surplus, and the harmony degree of economy was increasing gradually. According to the layout level in Anshan city, the integrated ecological carrying capacity would be in a comparatively safe state and no indicators would be lower than the critical safety values. In addition, both the carrying degree and harmony degree of ecological carrying capacity would be increased. By the method of integrated index evaluation method, the ecological carrying capacity of Anshan city during the 10th Five-year Plan was well reflected and forecasted, which would be a good example for the research of ecological carrying capacity in other areas.

Taiwania flousiana,a rare species endemic to China, is naturally distributed to the southwestern part of Hubei province, the southeastern part of Guizhou province and the west of Yunnan province. Due to the virtue of high adaptability, fast growth, high timber ratio and timber quality, T. flousiana has been successfully introduced to the southern part of China since the 1970s. In order to understand the nutrients characteristics in T. flousiana plantation, the concentrations, accumulation and distribution of five nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) as well as their changes with growth of stands in T. flousiana plantations of three different stand ages (8-year old,14-year old and 28-year old) were studied in Nandan Shankou Forestry Farm of Guangxi,China. The results showed that concentrations of these five nutrient elements in different components of T. flousiana plantation were in the order of leaves > bark > branch > root > stem. And in different diameters of the root (expect Stump), nutrient concentrations reduced with the increase of root diameter. In plant, concentrations of N, Ca or K were the highest among the five elements, followed by P, while Mg was the lowest in various organs of T. flousiana plantation and in the litter. The total nutrient accumulations at three different stand ages plantations were 576.26 kg/ha, 833.20 kg/ha and 1214.11 kg/ha, respectively. Of the total storage of nutrients, 85.88%-92.89% was distributed in arbor layer, 2.01%-4.62% in forest floor layer and 5.10%-10.27% in standing litter layer. Among five elements, N or Ca accumulation in arbor layer was the highest and Mg accumulation in arbor layer was the lowest. The accumulations of nutrients in T. flousiana varied with different stands growth stages. Most nutrient elements accumulated in leaves and branches at 8-year-old and 14-year-old trees, while they transmitted gradually to the stem and bark at 28-year-old trees. The net production of organic matter per ton needed five elements in plantations from 4.21kg to 8.97 kg and decreased with the biomass accumulation in the process of the stands growth. And the N or Ca element amount was the biggest, then the K and Ca, and the Mg was the smallest among the five nutrient elements.

Climate warming was significant in recent 20 years in Heilongjiang province. Many researchers found that increase of heat was beneficial to agricultural production except for drought and meteorological disasters in this province. The existing researches neither fully considered the spatial difference nor the impact of economic factors. In order to disintegrate physical and economic factors in grain yields more reasonably and analyze their different impacts on changes of yields in Heilongjiang Province, we collected the data of agricultural production (labors input, power input, irrigation input, fertilizer input, agriculture output, grain yields, and sown area of crops)from 1986 to 2000 in 79 counties of Heilongjiang Province, based on which grain yield (Y) was divided into climatic yield (Yc) and economic yield (Yt) by the method of Cobb-Douglas Production Function. Daily temperature and precipitation of 30 weather stations were used to calculate accumulated temperature ≥10℃ and precipitation during growing season. EOF method was applied to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of grain yield, climatic impact index (Yc/Yt), accumulated temperature ≥10℃ and growing season precipitation whose relationships were also considered. The results showed that grain yields of the whole province steadily increased during the past 15 years. Fertilizer was the leading driving force of economy that influenced the economic yields. Labors and R&D Fund Input in agriculture were not as important as fertilizer input. At the same time, power and irrigation input played the relative less roles in so many economic factors. Climate warming was significant from 1986 to 2000 in Heilongjiang Province. Accumulated temperature ≥10℃ increased 21-27℃ per year, benefiting agricultural production in most parts of the province. However, no obvious precipitation trend of growing season was found, and the change of precipitation didn’t essentially affect crop yields. The climate impact index increased during 15 years with different temporal and spatial variations. From 1986 to 1993, accumulated temperature ≥10℃ increased more obviously in the northern and southwestern parts of the province than the northeastern and southeastern parts, which had greater impacts on crop yields. While the converse situation existed from 1993 to 2000. Accumulated temperature ≥10℃ increased much more obvious in the northeastern and southeastern parts than the northern and southwestern parts, so did crop yields.

According to the actuality of the development of bio-energy in China, the ideas of making full use of the non-tillage resource of coastal mudflat to develop bio-energy plants were pointed out in the paper. Some bio-energy plants that are suitable to be extensively cultivated in coastal mudflat were collected. A few seawater-tolerance and high-yield varieties of glucide bio-energy plants (Helianthus Tuberosus) and bio-oil plant (oleic sunflower) were sifted. At the same time, the field experiments were carried out in Dafeng of Jiangsu province and Laizhou of Shandong province. The sugar yields of H. Tuberosus were in the scope from 16160 kg/ha to 12102 kg/ha. The oil yield of oleic sunflower was about 2934 kg/ha. The colligate uses of H. Tuberosus and oleic sunflower were also disscussed conducively.

Under the background of global environmental change, the shortage of water resource has already become a problem of resource and environment which has been paid much attention in the world. Since China is a country with water resource shortage, it is significant to study the change of urban water consumption. There are many factors that influence water consumption and among them climate is very important. In this paper, the climate water consumption is separated from the total water consumption by polynomial model and the method of statistical analysis is used to explore the relationship between the climate water consumption and the climatic factors and its changes in 241 Chinese cities .The conclusions are as follows:Temperature, precipitation and humidity are the main factors that affect the climate water consumption. In winter, the regional disparities between the South and the North are significant. In spring, the regional disparities between the East and the West are significant. In most cities of China there exists a positive correlation between climate water consumption and the temperature in summer and autumn. In many cities there exists a positive correlation between climate water consumption and the winter/spring temperature.In recent years, the global temperature has increased apparently, which results in extreme weather and extreme climate environment and it is also an important factor that results in the increase of urban climate water consumption. As the urbanization of Chinese cities accelerate, the contradiction between the supply and demand of urban water is also emerging out more frequently. Since the trend of subalpine timberline becomes more obvious with the increase of latitude, the contradiction between the supply and demand of urban water in the northern Chinese cities is much outstanding. In the seasons and areas where eco-environmental water requirement is the chief one, there exists a significant negative relation between climate water consumption and precipitation. When precipitation influences climate water consumption through influencing human body, there exists a significant positive relation between climate water consumption and precipitation. Effect of humidity on urban water consumption results from the interaction of humidity and high temperature, and only in the seasons and areas where it is too dry or too wet can it work.

In the 21st century, global urbanization has become an inevitable trend of the development of human society, urban expansion would unavoidably transform ecological land-use such as forest, farmland, grassland, swamps and water area, which have important ecological service functions, into land used for urban construction purpose. Consequently, this will exert great impact on ecosystem in the urban, the regional and even global scopes. In the future rapid urbanization process, it is very important to protect necessary ecological land-use for sustaining well-being of urban ecosystem itself, improving living standards of urban citizens and realizing urban sustainable development. With a case study of Shenzhen, a special economic zone of China, this paper combined ecological conceptual model of landscape with assessment methods for valuation of ecosystem service function, and with the support of GIS technique, established a spatial analysis model for urban minimum ecological land-use. Meanwhile, according to four scenes which reserved ecological land-use respectively by 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%, it analyzed the reasonable spatial distribution of minimum ecological land-use. The outcome demonstrated that the minimum ecological land-use model can extract the type of lands which have important urban ecological service functions.

From the angles of the response of ecosystem and tourist perceptions,the response of Liupan mountain ecological tourism attraction trails to human being tourism trampling disturbance was studied.This study was conducted to investigate the patterns and extent of trampling impacts along the main tourism trails.In addition to vegetation change represented by cover reduction (CR) and floristic dissimilarity (FD),leftover reduction(LD),increase of soil hardness (SHI) and Index of Land Cover Impact (ILCI),the Limits of Acceptable Change(LAC) was also added as indicator for tourist impact.The results show that trampling disturbance mainly were limited in 1 to 3 miles along the trail;the composite ecosystem in Xiao Nanchuan with arbor,bosk and grass got most serious disturbance.Using ILCI and LAC Index the responses of the three typical ecosystems were assessed.The ILCI values of the investigating sections along the 1-meter trail impact is seriousy disturbed,then 2-3 meters, and beyond 3 meters,it is seldomly disturbed.Based on Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) questionnaires filled out by visitors,the standard of acceptable change in ground coverage was found to be 55.7 % of the coverage reduction from the trail.from this standard,the investigating areas along the 1-meter trail far exceed the LAC.The impac variables are correlated to the gradient,border area gradient and width of the trail.The Index of Land Cover Impact (ILCI) could be an useful index to evaluate the tourism disturbance.The results also indicate that the current tourism disturbance has had some negative effect on the tourist experience and ecosystem.Some suggestions for management were offered to minimize the trampling impacts of this trail.Improving the development environment,strengthening the planning of tourism attraction,and establishing the forest system and tourism information system would offer important guidance to the promotion of sustainable development of Liupan Mountain.

The spatio-temporal variability analysis of hydrometeorological factors are crucial for further understanding hydrological process and hydrological /meteorological modelling.Traditional temporal variability was quantitatively described using Coefficient of Variation based on statistics.In this paper, we combined information entropy theory with GIS spatial analysis technology to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of annual precipitation, evaporation and air temperature.A new spatio-temporal variability analysis method which is based on the differential information entropy relatively estimates is also presented.This study was conducted using 31 gauge stations precipitation, evaporation and air temperature data of Haihe river basin during the period from 1960 to 2001.The results intuitionisticly expressed the hydrologic and meteorological spatio-temporal variability rule of Haihe river basin, which lays solid foundation for further understanding the changes of water cycle of the study area.It is concluded that the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation and evaporation of the Haihe River Basin is relatively great and the spatio-temporal variability of temperature is relative small.

论文通过空间分析，指出了湛江(城市范围)所具有的典型海湾特性及其基本的空间结构特征，认为湛江城市发展与湛江湾的存在密不可分，而湛江湾的存在又与湛江群岛的关系极为密切，湛江海湾城市最大的特点就是先有岛，再有湾，后有港和城，把湛江定位为海湾型城市符合湛江城市发展的自然本底性质。文章重点就此定位对湛江城市发展可能造成的影响进行了分析，认为，海湾型城市定位可以提高湛江海湾资源的禀赋，有效促进湛江城市的一体化统筹发展。同时，有助于在湛江工业大发展时期到来之际，加强海湾生态环境的保护。最后就如何建设湛江海湾城市提出了一点框架性的思考

在CASA模型的基础上，建立了利用NOAA/AVHRR 1B卫星资料和气象资料估算植被净初级生产力(NPP)的技术方法，该方法有3个特色：直接利用NOAA/AVHRR 1B卫星数据，不需要经过大气校正和方向反射率校正来实现NPP估算；考虑了植被覆盖类型对光能利用率的影响；考虑了植被反照率在计算净辐射中的差异。利用该方法对2007年华北地区的NPP模拟结果表明：2007年华北地区植被的年总NPP为3.68×10¹⁴gC/a，各省总的NPP贡献率依次为：内蒙古64%、山西20%、河北13%、北京2%和天津1%，各季的贡献率大小依次为：夏季67%，秋季17%、春季15%，冬季1%。不同植被类型年NPP分别为：森林灌丛为271～560gC/m²•a，草原为97～278gC/m²•a，农田为363～376gC/m²•a，建筑居民地为216gC/m²•a，荒漠裸地为14gC/m²•a。受物候和气候因素影响，不同植被类型NPP具有不同的年变化。

植被覆盖状况是评估生态环境的重要指标。利用GIMMS数据集的8km分辨率的NDVI数据和气候数据，对内蒙古地区1982—2000年植被覆盖变化进行了分析，并评估了降水与该地区植被的相关关系，在此基础上探讨了人类活动对内蒙古地区植被覆盖变化的影响。研究中采用了相关分析和残差分析，结果表明，在过去19年中内蒙古地区植被NDVI总体上呈轻微上升趋势，且存在着显著的空间差异。同时内蒙古地区植被NDVI与降水有很好的相关性，植被受降水的影响较大。此外，人类活动对内蒙古一些地区的植被变化也起到了建设或破坏的作用。

资源密集型产业作为我国的基础性产业，由于其资源依赖度高、市场内向化、产业联系强、规模效应显著，大多分布在重工业基础较好的中西部地区。随着交通替代作用的加强和对国外市场的依赖度提升，开始出现沿海化趋势。论文通过对1980—2007年典型资源密集型产业的分析，发现石油加工及炼焦业和黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业自改革开放产业政策调整后呈现地理分散趋势，但“历史基础和路径依赖”显著影响资源密集型产业的分布。基于2000和2005年地级市单元的产业数据，采用Tobit模型分析，发现资源禀赋、历史基础、交通通达性、市场规模等对资源密集型产业分布的影响显著，而开发区、沿海和开放政策等对其影响并不显著，说明通过开发和鼓励政策引导资源密集型产业转移，在短时间内很难克服路径依赖带来的影响，需要更长时期来实现转变。

黄河流域煤炭开采对水资源的赋存和循环条件产生严重影响，并影响入黄径流量，研究煤炭开采对水循环的影响，揭示河川径流变化机理，这对于研究黄河水沙变化机理及维持黄河健康生命具有重要的意义。论文以黄河中游窟野河为研究对象，运用数理统计和建立YRWBM模型(Yellow River Water Balance Model，简称YRWBM模型)的方法，研究了窟野河流域煤炭开采对水循环的影响，研究结果表明，煤炭开采是窟野河径流变化的一个重要原因，1997—2006年，窟野河煤炭资源开采量为5500×10⁴ t/a，减少水资源量为2.9×10⁸ m³/a，占这阶段径流变化的54.8%。吨煤对径流开采的影响量约为5.27 m³。

气候和土地利用变化通过不同的方式影响耕地的自然生产潜力，目前在时空尺度上定量分析典型生态边缘区气候干旱和土地利用变化对耕地自然生产潜力综合影响的研究还比较薄弱。论文首先采用桑斯维特纪念模型(Thornthwaite-Memorial Model)对北方草地与农牧交错带地区耕地自然生产潜力进行了计算。然后结合气象数据，分析了干旱化对研究区耕地自然生产潜力的影响。又在遥感数据生成的1990，1995和2000年1km土地利用/覆盖数据基础上，分析了土地利用变化对耕地自然生产潜力的影响。结果发现1970～2006年研究区总体上呈现出较强的变干趋势，但波动明显，干旱导致耕地自然生产潜力在1990～1995年和1995～2000年分别减少了约16.61×10⁶t和19.55×10⁶t。1990～1995年和1995～2000年耕地增加率分别为2.64%和2.55%，在此基础上，耕地自然生产潜力分别增加了5.36×10⁶t和4.48×10⁶t。从整个研究区尺度来看，1990～1995年和1995～2000年耕地自然生产潜力分别减少了了约11.24×10⁶t和15.08×10⁶t。从基于气象站点的泰森多边形尺度来看，研究区的西北区域，主要包括陕西、宁夏和甘肃部分地区，耕地自然生产潜力对于气候变化比较敏感，而包括河北、山西部分地区在内的研究区华北南部区域和内蒙古主要受到土地利用变化的影响。

农林业是能永续生产生物质的唯一产业，将对可再生能源（材料）有难以估量的重大作用。在人均耕地资源非常短缺的我国发展生物质产业，在充分利用好既有生物质资源的同时，还要尽量挖掘边际土地的巨大潜力。论述了处理发展生物能源与食粮安全保障的关系，选择和开发适宜的、可获取商品生物能的多功效、多用途作物，实现边际土地潜力的途径以及生物质产业对我国农业和农村发展的意义。

用LI-6400型便携式光合测定仪观测7种生长年限苜蓿的光合作用日变化特征。结果表明：①7种生长年限苜蓿的净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr、水分利用效率WUE及气孔导度Gs日变化均呈现“双峰”曲线，有明显的光合“午休”现象，但不同年限Pn、Tr、WUE和Gs的高峰和低谷出现的时刻不同；②根据Pn、胞间CO₂浓度Ci、气孔限制值Ls的变化方向，推测4年、6年苜蓿光合速率的下降同时受气孔和非气孔因素限制，而8年、12年、14年、18年、26年苜蓿光合速率的下降主要受非气孔因素限制；③从苜蓿的净光合速率看，日均净光合速率最高的是6年生苜蓿，苜蓿的最佳利用期为6年。

采用合理的土地利用方式是红壤丘陵区防治洪涝灾害和季节性干旱的重要措施。利用方差分析、回归分析和偏相关分析等统计方法，对红壤坡地7种覆被类型1998-2005年降水特征值和地表径流的关系进行了研究，结果表明：不同覆被类型地表径流系数差异显著，大小排序为农作区>茶园区>湿地松与甜柿园>柑橘园>退化区与恢复区；除茶园外，其他覆被类型径流系数不同水文年有明显差异，且丰水年>平水年、枯水年；平均雨强、最大60min雨强与径流量都无显著相关性，但农作区径流值与小雨呈显著相关，其他覆被类型径流值与中雨呈显著相关；10~30cm土壤前期含水量与径流量有较明显正相关关系，40cm以下土壤水对径流量影响很小，恢复区、甜柿园、柑橘园受前期降水的影响相对较大。

生态环境影响经济损益分析在统一量纲下，实现工程对环境影响的综合评价，可为工程决策提供依据。根据雅砻江水电开发对生态环境的影响，在建立评价指标体系的基础上，评价了雅砻江下游梯级水电开发生态环境影响的经济损益。结果表明：雅砻江下游梯级水电开发所带来的直接环境效益包括水产养殖、旅游、调蓄洪水和调节小气候，价值为7.52×10⁸元/a；能源替代的间接环境效益为36.50×10⁸元/a；生态环境成本包括水库蓄水后淹没土地资源造成的经济损失、水库温室气体排放、移民搬迁及环境保护费用等，其总成本为3.72×10⁸元/a。水电开发生态环境影响的评价技术与方法尚未成熟，评价内容的完整性和评价结果的准确性也因此受到一定程度影响，本研究的初步探索可为综合决策提供参考。

土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应导致水资源量变化，显著影响流域生态和社会经济发展。利用DEM、土壤数据库、三期土地利用数据及流域周边六个国家基本气象站1964—2000年气象、流域出口断面裕溪闸水文站1964—1989年水文资料，依托德国PIK研究所HBV-D模型建立巢湖流域降水径流关系，分析流域土地覆被变化对径流量影响：①利用HBV-D模型模拟流域降水径流关系，率定后系统相对误差控制在3%左右，纳希效率系数达约83%，适合巢湖流域土地利用/覆被变化水文效应研究；②分析得出单位面积的农业用地、居民用地和水域影响径流深大小分别为-0.134469、0.074908和-0.0015244，即巢湖流域农业用地对径流影响程度要高于居民用地且为负，农业用地减少将增加径流量，居民用地增长利于径流量增加，水域对径流量影响相对较小。

河流径流量变化是对区域气候和下垫面变化的综合反映，了解和认知其变化对流域资源开发具有重要意义。根据松花江哈尔滨水文站1900—2005 年径流量资料,采用距平累积和M-K检验方法分析了哈尔滨站近百年来径流量变化趋势。结果表明：哈尔滨站8、9月份M-K检验分别达到0.006和0.034的置信度水平，但年径流量没有表现出显著趋势性特征。1920年开始哈尔滨站径流量开始减少，1997年开始径流量由减少变为增加趋势。哈尔滨站径流量年际变化存在明显的阶段性，1900—1907年、1915—1928年、1975—1980年和1999—2005年为4个枯水段；1970—1974年为平水段；1908—1914年、1929—1969年和1981—1998年为3个丰水段。

This paper aims to research the potential impacts resulted by the agricultural climate change by analyzing agricultural climate resources of heat, precipitation and sunshine for maize, including mountain spring maize, plain spring maize and plain summer maize, in sowing to elongation growth period, elongation to anthesis growth period, anthesis to silking growth period, silking to mature growth period, and the whole growth period. Statistic regression was used to reveal the time series characteristics of different kinds of maize during key growth period. Besides, we adopted Mann-Kendall and Pettitt methods in classical abrupt change theory to analyze trends and detect abrupt change characteristics of agricultural climate resources. On the basis of data analysis, we discussed the potential impacts on maize resulted from climate change according to relative research of other scholars and proposed corresponding solutions to it. The results are as follows: In recent 50 years, for Beijing, the annual active accumulated temperature and effective accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃ for maize in the whole growth period, showed no significant increasing trend without abrupt change point; while precipitation in sowing to elongation growth period got an increasing trend, precipitation of plain summer maize in elongation to anthesis growth period, plain spring maize in silking to mature growth period, hold a significant descending trend, and the other growth period showed no significant descending trend, with all growth periods having no significant abrupt change points; moreover, except for anthesis to silking growth period, sunshine resources in all the other growth periods showed significant descending trends with significant abrupt change points occurring between the mid 1980s and mid 1990s. And it concluded that according to international relative research on climate change, agricultural climate resources changing trends of Beijing may produce both positive and negative impacts on maize. In response to the increasing trend of accumulated temperature, measures should be taken to prolong grain-filling growth period. As to the descending trends of precipitation, maize variety of drought-resistance and effective drought fighting technique should be introduced; solutions for solving the descending trend of sunshine hours, maize of strong shade tolerance should be selected and attention should be paid to planting at proper intervals in order to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions.

Development and utilization of solar energy play a vital role in reducing the fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for human being. Solar energy, which is considered as one of the most significant renewable energy resources in the future, plays a vital role in mitigating global warming. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to figure out the spatial and temporal distribution of solar energy resources in certain regions, as well as its stability so as to better develop and utilize such renewable resources. Based on daily data of solar sunshine and solar total radiation from 27 metrological stations from 1958 to 2008 and 163 radiation stations from 1961 to 2008 such as Xi’ning, Lanzhou, Xi’an, etc., our study analyzes the characteristics of the spatial and temporal variations of solar energy resources of Northwest China for the past about 50 years through completely regularized spline methods. The results indicate that the characteristics of the inter-annual and seasonal changes of solar energy resources are almost the same. According to the sunshine hours and solar total radiation, central Qinghai Province is regarded as the most abundant solar energy region, while the regions, such as southern and southwestern Shaanxi Province, belong to the unavailable region of this kind of resources. Over the past 50 years, the annual total radiation of Northwest China has decreased clearly, and the annual sunshine hours have dropped off slowly. Among 163 metrological stations, the days which the daily sunshine hours were greater than 6 hours of a month during the past 10 years added up to 45-327, of which 15 sites are more than 300 days. Solar energy resources of the southern Shaanxi Province and Urumqi are most unstable, where the K value (the index of stability of solar energy resources) is 12.21, while the border area, including the northern Qinghai Province, and the interactive zone of Qinghai, Gansu and Xinjiang, belongs to the most stable area, where the K value is 1.27. Our study suggests that the stability of the solar energy resources is consistent well with the distribution size of resource potential, that the most stable area always has the largest amount of total radiation and the longest sunshine duration.

The development and management of territorial resources of the coastal zone in Guangdong province are discussed macroscopically and comprehensively in this paper.In light of stipulations of "THE U. N. LAW OF THE SEA", the ownership of territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic area belong to littoral countries, We show that Guangdong Province possesses a wide marine territory more than 300 thousand km2 and various coastal territory resources. The coastal zone of Guangdong have been analysed with a great number of data for further developing the utilization, and also for intensifying the legislative management of territorial resources. The dualistic theory (productive profits and public welfares) of communication and transport constructions is illustrated. The method of systematic engineering is used to accelerate the construction of coastal ports both me-soscale and microscale. In order to develop the harbour resources, the inshore breeding should be increasingly carried out at the same time. For developing the deep sea fishing of the continental shelf, the modern deepwater fishery bases should be established at some places, such as Jiazi, Shanwei in easthern Guangdong, Shadigang of Shangchuan Island and Nanaogang of Xi-achuan Island in westhern Guangdong, Baimajin and Shanyagang in Hainan Island etc. In the recent period, two comprehensive and extrorse seashore tourist regions should be established for developing the extroverted seashore lourist trades. The first one is on Feishatan of Shangchuan Island in Taishan county, the second one is on the coastal beach from Xianwush-an to Jinxiang in Lufeng county.About the problem for the legislative management of the coastal zone, according to the in- ternational experiences a responsible department and the special laws should be perfected and the comprehensive laws for managment of the coastal zone must be drawn up as soon as possible. On the basis of the geographical position and developing characteristics of the coastal zone resources in Guangdong Province, while the management regulations of the coastal zone are drawing up, there must pay attention to three aspects: 1) The coastal ports, channels and aquatic resoureces have been seriously destroyed over the years by the enclosed tidelands for cultivation and water conservancy, the problems which have left over historically, must be dealt with harmoniously while drawing up the laws and regulations. 2) Because this province is faced with Hong Kong and Macao, the fishermen of the both sides always engage their economic activities on the same coastal zone, therefore, the legal provisions protecting their rights and interests respectively, must be drawn up. 3) At the present time, the polyadministrative structures of open districts for foreign countries are forming in this province, the activities of introducing the foreign capital to develop the coastal zone are steadily on increase, it is essential to draw up the relevant legal provision for promoting the further development.

The efficiency of Soil Moisture Consumption (ESMC) and the Productive Potential of Precipitation (PPP) of several mainly planted crops in different agrometeorological areas of Northwestern Loess Plateau are obtained from both the field trial of fertilizer and calculat-nig with the formula recommended by FAO. Results show that PPP of dry farming in the Loess Plateau, though lower than the Productive Potential of Hearer irrigation farming, is rather, great and varies as soil fertility changes, i.e., ESMC and crop yield are closely interrela-ted with soil fertility. Studies indicate that, although drought often threats agriculture in Loess PJateau, lowness soil fertility is a more direct limiting factor. Thus to better soil fertility is a important way to bring the potential productivity into real productivity.

The author proposes applying the planning method to conduct cropland irrigation in arid and semiarid regions where water supplies are limited, and takes winter wheat as an example to show how to do it in Quzhou county of .Hebei province. The total yield of the new irrigation plan worked-out according to the planning method increases about 18% over that of the traditional irrigation method adopted at present.

In the south of China, the economy is prosperous, the population is large, but the energy resources are very deficient. The contradiction of energy supply and demand is a main problem for a long time in that region. In order to meet the needs of economic development, the speed of economic development should be properly controlled, the water resources should be fully developed and the nuclear power construction should be put in an important place. While dealing with the problem of bringing in the energy resources from outside the region, economizing the energy should be paid more attention. In addition, solving the problem of rural energy resources is another key point for the regional economic construction and energy development.

Industrial resources (IR) are all the resources that can be utilized in industry, including natural resources and humanistic resources. They belong to the industrial category of resources. The study of IRD may be regarded as a discipline, and the economical development is the main aim of this discipline. The main characteristics of this discipline are the systematism and the applicability and the research contents are: the basic theory of industrial resources, the theory of industrial resources exploitation, strategy and tactics of the exploitation, types of the combination of industrial resources and the case of regional exploitation, management and the policy of resources exploitation and conservation and research methods and means of industrial resources exploitation.This paper discusses how to study this discipline and sets forward the main points of the study at the present stage.

The Qinling-huanhe Region is a transional belt in China where the typical subtropical zone changes gradually toward the warm temperate zone. There are various climatic types here. Correspondingly, the quality of rice also varies obviously with time and space and shows certain regularities. A revelation of these regularities will be helpful to causing the climate resource to transform toward the type which makes the rice quality good.