Most Download

  • Published in last 1 year
  • In last 2 years
  • In last 3 years
  • All
  • Most Downloaded in Recent Month
  • Most Downloaded in Recent Year

Please wait a minute...
  • Select all
    |
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2007, 22(3): 321-328. https://doi.org/TV213
    Minimum controlling flux(MCF) and Maximum controlling pollutant load(MCP) ( for short as “dual gross”) are the key indexes for integrated regional water quality and quantity management and to sustain the ecological health of the rivers. The technical scheme for the dual gross control research has been erected primarily in this manuscript, and with such a scheme, the monthly dual gross control indexes have been derived.With the rational water resources allocation, the MCF in Tangshan can be complied except the low water year and continuous low water years.The maximum controlling COD load of rivers in Tangshan in the basic planning year, 2010 and 2020 are 16 357.57t /a, 12 659.19t /a and 11 572.50t /a, respectively, and the maximum controlling NH3 - N are 907.80t /a, 660.27t /a and 580.09t /a accordingly.With dual gross control indexes sustained by the unified water resources allocation platform, the eco-water requirement of rivers can be guaranteed under the condition of the water users competition; and the distribution of the pollutant carrying ability in a year can be derived subjectively; at the same time, the MCP can be improved.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    HE Ji-jun, CAI Qiang-guo, LU Bing-jun, WANG Xue-qiang,
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2008, 23(3): 375-382. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2008.03.003
    CSCD(13)
    The control measures of the slope land and types of land use are the most important factors for controlling water and soil loss,and the appropriate control measures of the slope land and types of land use could control soil erosion,protect land resource,and improve the environment effectively.In this study,based on the survey data of runoff plots,the effect of integrated water and soil conservation measures on slope surface on water and soil loss was researched.The results showed that compared with the slope land,the sediment reduction rate of terrace and narrow terrace reaches 64.83%-91.81%,this shows terrace could control soil erosion effectively,and the water and soil reduction benefits from terrace on the shady slope are better than the terrace on the sunny slope and the wide narrow terrace with ridge is better than the one without ridge.The water and sediment benefits from comprehensive water and soil conservation measure are very high,which can get to 96.21%-99.38%.At the same time,the soil erosion modulus of runoff plots with comprehensive control measure is less than the soil loss tolerance of 200t/km2·a in earthy-rocky mountain area of northern China,which is promulgated by the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China.The natural prohibition can also control water and soil loss effectively,but as a result of comprehensive control measure induced changes of the slope surface shape,slope grade has less impact on water and soil loss.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    WANG Bo, ZHAO Hai-xia, HUANG Tian-song
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2008, 23(1): 170-176. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2008.01.019
    CSCD(6)
    Along with the industrialization and the urbanization process,the human being's activities of developments and constructions turned to the environmentally sensitive area unceasingly,which has created many environment negative problems against regional sustainable development.In view of the different types of characteristics regions, the classification to environmentally sensitive area, and clear distinction of the boundaries between the future regional development and protection,are of vital practical significance to the realization of the regional economic sustainable development.From the safeguard and support capacity of environmentally sensitive area to economic development and the importance of ecological function protected area of Suzhou City,the environmentally sensitive area of the city will be divided into the ecological sensitive area,surface water source sensitive area,contaminated sensitive area,high quality farmland sensitive area as well as the latent disaster sensitive area, five kinds in all.The defination of its spatial distribution can be testified from this contest,which has provided the theoretical basis for municipal building land expansion control,resource management and ecological protection.
  • Resources Ecology
    LU Qing-shui, HUANG Lin, LV Ning
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2009, 24(2): 259-267. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2009.02.010
    CSCD(7)
    利用3期遥感影像(20世纪70年代末MSS,20世纪90年代初和2004年TM),借助1:100000地形图、1:1000000 草地图和植被图以及野外考察景观照片,对三江源区东部8县的草地退化状况进行分析,结果表明:①东部8县草地退化,总体为轻微退化类型区,退化趋势减弱。轻度破碎化草地、轻度破碎化和轻度覆盖度下降草地类型占该区总退化类型面积的63%;②轻度退化草地以阿尼玛卿山地周围所占比例最大。中度退化草地主要位于西部和南部山体的阳坡、半阳坡,而在阴坡上很少发现。重度退化草地多数分布于河流、居民点周围;③海拔3700~4500m之间是草地退化主要发生区,两时段退化草地面积分别占总草地面积的11.88%和8.01%,而8°~25°也集聚了东部8县主要草地退化类型;④两时段草地退化比重由20世纪70年代末到90年代初11.2%减小为20世纪90年代初到2004的9.8%,但草地退化趋势仍在持续;⑤研究有助于从本底上准确把握三江源区草地退化状况,进而认识源区主体生态系统本底状况。
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    SU Wei-zhong1, YANG Gui-shan1, GU Chao-lin2
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2007, 22(3): 353-360. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.03.004
    CSCD(9)
    Under the background of globalization and informatization of the world economy, the rapid economic growth and process of urbanization in Suzhou city in future will aggravate the conservation pressure on cultivated land.It is time to consider and redefine the connotation of current cultivated land conservation concept. ( 1)Based on domestic and foreign related researches and the framework of PSR( Pressure-State-Response)model, this paper proposes the gradation evaluation indicator system of cultivated land conservation in Suzhou city among which the Pressure indicator is the environment pressure of cultivated land, and the State indicator is the soil quality and land fragmentation, and the Response indicator is per unit area yield of grain.( 2) Individual indicator evaluation results show that the environment pressure of cultivated land caused by rapid population and economic growth, urban sprawl and freeway networks infrastructure construction is very outstanding; the soil quality of cultivated land is very good, and the land is fertile; the fragmentation is evident because of the division of urban, transport land, lakes, rivers and highland terrain; the unit production ( 6683kg/ha) is higher than that of Jiangsu Province ( 5954kg/ha) and the whole country ( 4399kg/ha) .( 3) The correlative analysis of these individual indicators show that the correlative coefficient is very small, and the various relationships between indicators are performed according to different regional characteristics, and accordingly their weights are difficult to be defined.Based on the research result of correlative analysis of indicators, the paper adopts the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis method for the general gradation evaluation of cultivated land conservation.The results show that the ratio of the area of the 4 ranks is 33.6 ∶32.4 ∶26.7 ∶7.3.The cultivated land of rank S1 is located in the rural areas outside urbanization region and lake areas where four indicators are very good.The cultivated land of rank S2 is located in the Yanjiang plains and the urbanized marginal areas where the soil quality is good, and the level of food production is high.The cultivated land of rank S3 is scattered in the urbanized marginal area and lake-hilly areas where four indicators are common. The cultivated land of rank S4 is scattered in the areas around big cities and lakes hilly areas. ( 4) Then on the basis of regional characteristics and indicators relationships of each cultivated land conservation rank, the gradation system of the 4 ranks is subdivided into 9 ranks, and some conservation measures about cultivated land for each rank are also pointed out.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    XIA Jun1, OU Chun-ping1, 2, G. H. HUANG3, WANG Zhong-gen1
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2007, 22(3): 409-414. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.03.010
    CSCD(9)
    The spatio-temporal variability analysis of hydrometeorological factors are crucial for further understanding hydrological process and hydrological /meteorological modelling.Traditional temporal variability was quantitatively described using Coefficient of Variation based on statistics.In this paper, we combined information entropy theory with GIS spatial analysis technology to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of annual precipitation, evaporation and air temperature.A new spatio-temporal variability analysis method which is based on the differential information entropy relatively estimates is also presented.This study was conducted using 31 gauge stations precipitation, evaporation and air temperature data of Haihe river basin during the period from 1960 to 2001.The results intuitionisticly expressed the hydrologic and meteorological spatio-temporal variability rule of Haihe river basin, which lays solid foundation for further understanding the changes of water cycle of the study area.It is concluded that the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation and evaporation of the Haihe River Basin is relatively great and the spatio-temporal variability of temperature is relative small.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    QU Fu-tian, WU Yu-ling
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2007, 22(3): 445-454. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.03.014
    CSCD(33)
    It’s a formidable task for a long time in China that how to utilize the land resources intensively and protect farmlands.The improvement of land use intensity is an important embodiment for the optimum land allocation.Market is the basic and efficient way to allocate resource. However, different market degrees can lead to different efficiencies of resource allocation and utilization.On the basis of building a framework of different land use efficiencies under the effect of market and government in different land market development stages, the article makes an empirical study on the development zones in Jiangsu province.By factor analysis and multifactors analysis model, and on the basis of the data of economy and land use in 2004, this study measured the development of land market and the intensity of land use in different land market stage.The result of the study suggests that on the whole, the stage of land market development is rather high, while the stage is different in different development zones.For example, the degree of land market in Wujiang and Nanjing development zones is 78% and 69% , respectively.The degree of land market in Yixing, Zhangjiagang and other 13 development zones is between 50% and 65%; at the same time, the degree of land market is between 30% and 50% in 23 development zones; and as for the remaining 4 development zones, the degree is only between 15% and 3 0%.So, the stage of land market in 33.4% of the development zones is in the end of transition to re latively mature stage; while the stage of land market in 57.1% of the development zones is in the m iddle transition stage.At the same time, the intensity of land use is different in different land marke t stages.The score of the intensity index of land use in the end of transition to relatively mature sta ge is 65.49, which is higher than that of the middle of transition stage.Because the score of intensit y index of the latter is only 48.85, the former is higher than the latter.So, the paper thinks the inno vation method to improve land use intensity is to change the mechanism of land management, and l et market mechanism become the main way to allocate land resource.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    WANG Jing, WEI Yuan-ming, GUO Ni, ZHANG Kai, WANG Xiao-ping
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2007, 22(3): 463-470. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.03.016
    CSCD(2)
    Qilian Mountain is famous mountain system in China and has a great many of glaciers, from which runoff is very important to the piedmont corridor area of the mountain.In addition, there is a water vapor transportation belt in this region, which brings abundant cloud and air water resources.Thus, cloud and air water resource exploiture project in the region is very meaningful and beneficial. In order to assess the synthetic benefit of cloud and air water resource exploitation, reasonable index system including 25 indexes was constructed in this paper.It involved social, economic and ecological effects.Then, choosing 11 indexes and using AHP ( analytic hierarchy process) method, each index weight was evaluated and synthetic assessment model was established clearly. In this paper, on the basis of Kang’s result about the impacts of precipitation enhancement on runoff flow from the mountain in the northwest arid region, the water resource and socioeconomic conditions after cloud and air water resource exploiation over the Qilian Mountain were predicted rationally.Finally, the synthetic benefit of cloud and air water resource exploitation over the Qilian Mountains was assessed integrally.The results showed that the social, economic and ecological benefit all would be improved remarkably after the cloud and air water resource exploitation over the Qilian Mountain.When precipitation increased by 10%, the synthetic benefit would be improved by 5.3%, and when precipitation increased by 20%, the synthetic benefit would be improved by 12.5%.
  • Theoretical Discussion
    ZHANG Yi-Feng, GU Da-Meng, TAN Jie, ZHANG Hong-Ye, SUN Rui-Feng, SONG Si-Yu, DANG Rong
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.01.001
    CSCD(3)
    论文通过空间分析,指出了湛江(城市范围)所具有的典型海湾特性及其基本的空间结构特征,认为湛江城市发展与湛江湾的存在密不可分,而湛江湾的存在又与湛江群岛的关系极为密切,湛江海湾城市最大的特点就是先有岛,再有湾,后有港和城,把湛江定位为海湾型城市符合湛江城市发展的自然本底性质。文章重点就此定位对湛江城市发展可能造成的影响进行了分析,认为,海湾型城市定位可以提高湛江海湾资源的禀赋,有效促进湛江城市的一体化统筹发展。同时,有助于在湛江工业大发展时期到来之际,加强海湾生态环境的保护。最后就如何建设湛江海湾城市提出了一点框架性的思考
  • Theoretical Discussion
    LI Hao, LIU Tao, HUANG Wei
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 705-712. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.001

    跨界水资源冲突的主要表现形式为跨界水污染、取水、水利工程、河道采砂冲突。以区域利益为视角,运用经济学理论分析发现,跨界水资源冲突的主要动因有:①区域竞争引发跨界水资源冲突;②水资源空间特性引发跨界冲突;③水资源外部性引发跨界冲突;④水资源准公共品属性引发的跨界冲突。基于博弈理论,跨界水资源冲突协调可分三个阶段、五个步骤开展。第一个阶段为准备阶段,主要实施跨界水资源冲突信息的收集与分析处理、关键影响因子的识别;第二个阶段为协调阶段,主要包括调处方案的设计和评价;第三个阶段为实施阶段,主要为协议的达成与实施。

  • SI Zhen-zhong, LI Mao, QIU Wei-li, YUN Wen-ju
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 713-721. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.002

    采用土地整理工程手段建设基本农田,有助于实现耕地数量保护与质量提高,但必须遵循因地制宜的原则。论文根据自然地理区划和各地区的地貌特征,从分布特点、地类结构和利用水平等方面,对中国耕地资源的现状进行分析;针对自然条件和经济发展水平的区域差异,提出各地区耕地资源建设和保护的方向与重点。东部季风区应重点完善农田水利设施,改造现有中低产田,提高土地生产能力;西北干旱区不宜大规模开发,要着重发展农业节水技术,提高水资源利用率,防治土地退化;青藏高原区则应限制开垦。在土地整理与耕地资源建设中,因地制宜具体表现在生态保护、量力而行和重在效用3个方面。

  • Resources Utilization and Management
    FENG Yan-fen, DONG Yu-xiang, WANG Fang
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 722-734. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.003

    利用广州市郊番禺区426家农户调查数据,分析大城市郊区农户弃耕类型及原因,构建包括农户个人条件、家庭状况、农地资源特征、农户意愿、村镇经济状况、区位条件在内的Logistic模型,分析农户主动弃耕的影响因素。研究表明:番禺区农户弃耕比例不高,为36.85%,其中主动弃耕占85.26%,被动弃耕占14.74%,但农户弃耕意愿强烈,有41.78%的农户期待弃耕;农户主动弃耕后主要将农地经营权流转,农地依然保持耕作状态,被动弃耕的农户均为失地农民,从而被迫弃耕;家庭农业劳动人口少、弃耕意愿强烈、农地暂未被征用、家庭收入来源多、农地转出意愿强、距市中心近、所在村镇第二三产业发达、土地质量较好及距主干道较近的农户弃耕可能性最大。

  • Resources Utilization and Management
    LI Fen, LI Wen-hua, ZHEN Lin, HUANG He-qing, WEI Yun-jie, YANG Li
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 735-745. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.004

    研究的主要目标是针对森林生态系统寻求适宜的补偿标准的方法,从而制定出合理的生态补偿标准。首先运用生态区位商的方法将海南省森林生态系统服务划分为一级主导生态系统服务、二级主导生态系统服务和潜在生态系统服务三类。研究结果显示生物多样性保护、景观游憩和环境净化等划分为一级主导森林生态系统服务;养分循环和水源涵养划为二级主导森林生态系统服务;气候调节、土壤保育、制氧以及林副、木产品为潜在森林生态系统服务。分类结果在现实中符合海南省森林生态系统特征情况。其次,运用恩格尔系数与皮尔生长曲线模型相结合的补偿系数法计算生态补偿系数,结果为0.170。该数据说明现今中国的经济发展刚达到小康水平,人们对于森林生态价值的认识和需求处于初级阶段,因此制定补偿系数不宜太高。根据森林生态系统服务的分类及生态补偿系数的结果,计算出分三个阶段执行的生态补偿标准:在第一阶段,补偿标准为947/(hm2·a);第二阶段补偿标准提高为1946/(hm2·a);第三阶段,补偿标准为2966/(hm2·a)

  • Resources Utilization and Management
    LI Wei, LI Yan-xia, YANG Ming, DONG Yun-she, HAN Wei, ZHANG Feng-song
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 746-755. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.005

    论文基于GIS技术,采用缓冲区与分区统计等空间分析方法,分析了北京市畜禽养殖空间分布与海拔、距居民点和道路距离之间的关系。引入畜禽粪便施用耕地空间分布可达性分析,探讨了北京地区畜禽养殖空间分布特征和畜禽粪便农田施用的可行性。结果表明,北京市畜禽养殖分布与距居民点距离以及海拔高度成反比,同时,在一定程度上也受到道路分布的影响。从粪便施用耕地可达性分析来看,全市50.8%的畜禽粪便可在1 h内被运送到可施用的农田。其中,大兴和通州区畜禽粪便产生地与可施用耕地的距离最近,1 h内分别有91.5%89.5%的畜禽粪便可运输到附近耕地。由于单位时间可达的畜禽粪便量与适宜施用耕地分布之间存在着空间上的不均衡,北京东北部区县(密云、平谷、顺义、怀柔、延庆)畜禽粪便的耕地承载大于西南部地区(大兴、通州、房山、门头沟、昌平)。根据耕地承载能力以及分布特征,科学合理地布局畜禽养殖业,是降低局部地区畜禽粪便耕地承载压力及其环境风险、实现畜禽养殖业可持续发展的根本。

  • Resources Utilization and Management
    XIA Xue, GU Jie, GAO Hua, QIN Qing-jun, LIU Lei, XIE Yuan-yuan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 756-765. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.006

    为了探讨不同有机肥条件下施氮水平对土壤水解酶活性和夏玉米、冬小麦产量的影响,在陕西省眉县进行田间试验,研究和分析土壤水解酶活性及玉米、小麦产量。研究涉及无( 0 kg/hm2)、中(22500 kg/hm2)2个有机肥条件和N0(0 kg/hm2)N1 (60 kg/hm2)N2(120 kg/hm2)N3(180 kg/hm2)4个施氮水平。结果表明,施氮对3种土壤水解酶活性均有明显影响,而不同的土壤水解酶对施氮量的响应有所差异。无有机肥和中有机肥条件下,施氮可以提高蔗糖酶活性,前者中量氮肥效果最好,后者低量氮肥效果最佳。无有机肥条件下,低量氮肥可以提高脲酶活性,但中量和高量会抑制其活性,中有机肥条件下,随着施氮量的增加脲酶活性降低。无有机肥和中有机肥条件下,碱性磷酸酶活性随着施氮量的增加呈升高趋势。玉米-小麦生长期内,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性随生长进程的变化趋势各不相同。无有机肥和中有机肥条件下,施氮明显提高了玉米、小麦产量,低量氮肥对玉米增产效果最好,中量氮肥对小麦增产效果最佳。

  • Resources Safety
    SHAN Na-na, LIU Wei-dong, LAI Bo, LIANG Hong-mei
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 766-777. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.007

    耕地保护是保证区域社会经济可持续发展的基础所在,保护的程度不够会危及到粮食安全、社会稳定,保护过度又会影响到建设用地的供给。选择合理的耕地保护目标,成为了一个亟待解决的问题。论文在系统研究耕地保护的影响因素,以及耕地与其他各类用地关系的基础上,构建了情景-多目标规划模型(SMOP)。以浙江省为例,通过模型的运算,得出了不同情景模式下耕地的保有量。结果表明,8个情景模式中,只有情景BF求出了最优解(低人口增长水平、生存用粮自给、较高的粮食单产水平情景以及高人口增长水平、生存用粮自给、较高的粮食单产水平情景)。通过进一步分析,其他情景模式无法得出最优解的原因是耕地需求超过了耕地供给能力。也就是说在其他情景模式下,耕地均存在一定的缺口,粮食安全受到了不同程度的威胁。情景G(高人口增长水平、营养用粮自给、稳定的粮食单产水平情景)的耕地缺口数和耕地压力指数最大。浙江省必须从挖掘耕地生产潜力以及建立健全粮食市场入手才能实现经济发展和粮食安全的双赢。SMOP模型能够较好地体现系统的复杂性和不确定性,其结果真实地反映了浙江省的资源禀赋和未来的发展可能。

  • Resources Evaluation
    LI Fei, WANG Chun, ZHAO Jun, ZHENG Jia-jia
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 778-784. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.008

    将海拔高度等反映区域特性的因子作为变量引入GIS空间化模型是提高气象数据估算精度的重要途径。根据聚类的思想,将研究区域进行聚类分区,使分区内积温分布特征一致性趋强。然后利用统计方法寻找各分区年积温随海拔变化的规律,以获得较高精度的估算结果。论文提出的基于分区DEM修正反距离空间化方法,与常用的空间化方法如克里格法、反距离平方法相比,解决了积温空间分布复杂性的问题,并一定程度上考虑了气象站点空间分布的稀疏性、不均匀性以及受海拔和区域差异等因素对积温分布的影响,具有较高的估算精度,适合于较大范围的年积温空间化。另外,由于气象台站分布在相对较低的区域,高海拔区域积温估算精度很低,利用此方法解决了高海拔区域积温估算的精度问题。

  • Resources Evaluation
    ZHANG Yao-guang, HAN Zeng-lin, LIU Kai, LIU Gui-chun
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 785-794. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.009

    辽宁是中国北方海洋资源丰富的省区,既有海洋生物、海水化学、海洋能源等狭义的海洋资源,又有港湾、海洋交通运输航线、海洋旅游景观、滨海浴场和海洋空间等广义的海洋资源。论文对辽宁海洋资源的数量、空间分布特征等进行评述,并计算了辽宁沿海各个地区的海洋资源丰度。随着对海洋资源的开发利用,辽宁主要海洋产品的产量逐年增长,论文重点探讨了经济增长与资源产出(产品)的关系,据此计算了辽宁沿海各地的海洋经济资源丰裕度指数。通过海洋资源丰度和海洋资源丰裕度指数两个指标的对比,既反映出各个地区海洋资源与地区经济发展的差异状况,而且海洋资源丰度和海洋资源丰裕度指数这两个指标在地区排列顺序上完全一致,充分说明了海洋资源在地区经济发展中的基础作用。

  • Resources Evaluation
    YUE Chuan-jiang, WU Zhang-wen, ZHENG Tian-xiang, YI Xiao-li
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 795-801. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.010

    文章选取旅游资源综合竞争力、旅游发展竞争力、旅游环境竞争力三大指标体系,采用AHP层次分析法和TOPSIS求逼近理想解方法,对大连、青岛、宁波、厦门、深圳5个副省级城市的城市旅游竞争力进行横向测度研究,以反映它们之间的潜力、活力和约束力。总体上,深圳的城市旅游总体综合竞争力最强,大连次之。

  • Resources Evaluation
    SUN Yan, LIU You-zhao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 802-810. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.011

    站在细碎化的角度研究土地可持续利用能力,构建基于细碎化视角下的土地资源可持续利用评价指标体系,并对江西省分宜县10乡镇2004年土地可持续利用进行综合评价。采用文献资料法、景观格局指数法、综合指数法和AHP方法,得到以下研究结果:分宜县南部乡镇土地细碎化程度最低,其土地资源可持续利用能力最高;北部土地细碎化程度最高,其土地资源可持续利用能力最低;位于中部平原区乡镇,其土地细碎化水平处于中间水平,其可持续利用能力在全县处于中间水平。论文构建的基于土地细碎化视角下的乡镇级土地可持续利用评价指标体系能够反映区域细碎化对土地可持续利用的影响。

  • Resources Evaluation
    Zhang Hai-long, LIU Gao-huan, YE Yu, HUANG Chong
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 811-821. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.012

    论文基于太阳辐射参数化传输模型,结合MODIS每日两次的大气产品和DEM,构建了太阳短波辐射分布式模型,对青藏高原2007年的太阳直接辐射、散射辐射与总辐射分布状况进行了模拟,并利用研究区站点实测值对模型精度进行了验证,其中日值数据直接辐射的相关性分别为0.72(拉萨)0.82(格尔木),散射辐射分别为0.71(拉萨)0.70(格尔木),总辐射相关性大都在0.70以上;旬值数据实测值与模拟值的相关性大都在0.90以上。模拟结果表明:实际天气情形下青藏高原年平均直接辐射量为4 244 MJ/m2,年平均散射辐射量为2 348 MJ/m2,年平均总辐射量为6 592 MJ/m2。直接辐射与总辐射的空间分布主要受纬度地带性与垂直地带性的影响,且地形对地表短波辐射的影响大于纬度的影响;散射辐射的空间分布主要取决于当地的地形起伏与大气状况。

  • Resources Ecology
    YUAN Dong-min, GUO Jian-ping
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 822-829. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.013
    CSCD(6)

    以东北玉米模拟模型为基础,对其中的生长子模型进行改进,将CO2浓度作为整个模型的输入变量,综合考虑气候变化和CO2肥效作用对东北玉米生长发育和产量的影响。通过对原模型适用性的调整和验证,得出模型模拟的叶面积指数及其他器官干重均有较好的结果,模拟值与实测值基本符合,说明模型适用于东北地区;利用改进的模型分别模拟了仅考虑CO2对光合作用直接影响、仅考虑CO2对蒸腾作用直接影响及综合考虑CO2对光合和蒸腾作用直接影响3种方案下玉米产量形成状况。通过对比分析发现,随着CO2浓度的上升,3种情况下模拟出的玉米产量都呈上升趋势。但玉米蒸腾作用对CO2浓度升高的响应更为显著,产量提高明显多于仅考虑CO2对光合作用影响的情况。

  • Resources Ecology
    SUN Shan-lei, ZHOU Suo-quan, XUE Gen-yuan, JI Zong-wei, LI Qiang, REN Yong-Jian
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 830-841. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.014

    利用LPJ模式,以1971—2006年常规气象站观测资料作为模式输入数据,模拟了环杭州湾地区植被NPP,并分析了近36年来研究区植被NPP的时空变化特征。结论表明:环杭州湾地区NPP36年平均为552.1 gC/(m2·a),逐年变化呈上升趋势,速率为1.52 gC/(m2·a2)研究区植被NPP 36年平均在494.23~617.23 gC/(m2·a)之间;东部沿海及距海较远地区值较大,且基本上呈经向分布;而中部地区值较小,且基本呈纬向分布;NPP年代空间分布与NPP36年平均空间分布情况基本一致;随着气候条件的变化,NPP相对大值区在空间上增大,但是增幅有一定的地域性差异;随着降水或CO2浓度的增大(减小),NPP有增大(减小)的趋势;随着温度或云量的增大(减小),NPP有减小(增大)的趋势;在1971—2006年间,对环杭州湾地区植被NPP起主要影响的因子为CO2浓度,其次为云量。

  • Resources Ecology
    LIU Jie, WAN Jian-hua, ZHAO Jun
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 842-849. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.015

    论文综合土地适宜性评价与土地利用相匹配、各生态功能区空间格局导向性和高效生态农业发展目标的原则,提出了黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置方案。基于该方案,在GIS技术的支持下,对黄河三角洲土地资源进行优化配置研究。最后,针对“三网”绿化工程规划,对基于优化配置后的未绿化宜林牧用地进行立地条件分析和树种配置,全力打造黄河三角洲生态绿洲。

  • Resources Research Methods
    FU Cong-sheng, CHEN Jian-yao, ZENG Song-qing, ZHAO Xin-feng
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 850-858. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.016

    论文回顾了有关大气压强、井水位、气压系数、负荷系数、地表和地下储水量的理论、井水位的气压响应模式、气压系数、负荷系数的计算方法;在利用Mallat分解重构算法去除了井水位趋势项的基础上,计算了3口观测井不同时期的气压系数以及气压系数随时间延迟的变化,计算结果表明:观测井M5R3R62006-11-052007-03-19具有明显的承压性;2008-03-0104-19M5井仍具有明显的承压性,R3井、R6井则具有明显的非承压性。此外,论文还利用观测井M5R3井的水位变化、含水层的负荷系数、实测气压系列,计算了观测井所反映区域、含水层以上地表和地下储水量的变化,并结合实测的降雨资料、水面蒸发资料,估算了区域土壤植被的蒸散发量,经估算:R3井附近区域枯季的每日蒸散发量约为1.92.1mm,蒸散发系数约为0.700.78

  • Resources Research Methods
    YUAN Shu-jie, GU Xiao-ping, MIAO Qi-long, QIU Xin-Fa, KANG Wei-min, WANG Fu-zeng
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 859-867. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.017

    影响复杂地形下气温分布与变化的因素很多, 其中尤以海拔高度和地形的影响最显著。论文在前人研究的基础上,对以前的模型进行了一些改进,考虑了坡度、坡向和地形相互遮蔽作用对复杂地形下天文辐射的影响,基于数字高程模型(DEM)数据,研制了以复杂地形下天文辐射为起始数据的复杂地形下平均气温的分布式模型,在模型中还考虑了海拔高度、山区太阳总辐射、日照百分率。以地形复杂的贵州高原为例,应用100 m×100 m分辨率的DEM数据及气象站常规观测气象资料,计算了贵州高原复杂地形下各月及年的平均气温精细空间分布。结果表明:①坡度、坡向、地形遮蔽对平均气温的影响较大,由于局地地形因子的影响,复杂地形下平均气温的空间分布具有明显的地域分布特征,地形对平均气温的影响在计算时是不容忽视的;②季节不同,局地地形因子对复杂地形下平均气温空间分布的影响不同,冬半年大于夏半年。平均气温随海拔高度的增加而降低。南坡随坡度的增大而升高;北坡随坡度的增大而降低。在坡向影响上,1—5月、10—12月偏北坡月平均气温偏低,偏南坡月平均气温偏高;7—8月因太阳高度较高,因此出现相反的情况,北坡高于南坡。

  • Special Forum
    CAI Yin-ying, ZHANG An-lu
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(5): 868-880. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.018

    基于特殊的土地基本国情,我国实施严厉的管制制度及措施强化对优质农田的保护及管理。然而,采取禁止性或限制性强的规划管制制度,严格限制或剥夺管制区域内相关群体使用资源和空间的权利,如未提供相应的补偿或经济援助,将侵害建设区和保护区内群体的发展机会及利益,导致不同分区利益群体福利非均衡,违背环境公平。论文从农田保护的政策绩效评价、发展受限制地区实施农田生态补偿制度的机理、农田外部效益及补偿标准的测度、农田管制损失补偿及外部效益产权界定、农田生态补偿制度实施绩效及福利效应研究等方面梳理总结了国内外关于规划管制下农田生态补偿的相关研究进展及发展动态,并提出在国家实施生态补偿机制及推进主体功能区划形成与落实等政策契机下,制定基于主体功能区划框架下的农田生态补偿机制及政策,有重要的理论及实践意义。

  • Resources Utilization and Management
    YUAN Quan-Zhi, HAO Jin-min, ZHANG Ling-li, WANG Bo-qi, LONG Xin
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(4): 529-538. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.04.001

    论文通过研究认为耕地保护收益区域分配不平衡是我国耕地快速减少的主要原因之一,构建区域耕地保护补偿机制有利于提高地方耕地保护积极性,抑制耕地减少趋势。论文以经济外部性理论为依据,建立了区域耕地保护补偿机制的理论模型和经验模型,理论模型重点模拟区域耕地保护外部性的影响及对策,而经验模型则探讨了补偿的主体、补偿标准的计算、补偿方式、制度保障和机构设置;最后以潍坊市为例,计算了2005年潍坊市各区市县的区域耕地保护补偿标准,将潍坊市12个县级行政单元划分为7个保护区和5个补偿区,模拟构建了潍坊市2005年区域耕地保护补偿机制。结果表明:在耕地保护外部效益得到补偿后,保护区的土地利用效益得到提升,其保护耕地的积极性也将随之提高,区域耕地保护外部性带来的耕地资源浪费和耕地保护效率缺失问题得到有效解决。

  • Resources Utilization and Management
    ZHU Hong-gen, WENG Zhen-lin, KANG Lan-yuan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(4): 539-546. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.04.002

    利用江西619户种粮大户数据,运用博弈模型逻辑和Logistic模型从理论与实证上分析了农户参与农田水利建设意愿的影响因素。研究结果表明,种稻收益、粮食补贴政策评价、农业劳动力人数、易洪易涝面积比重及村庄双季稻种植比重等因素对农户参与农田水利建设意愿有显著正影响,兄弟姐妹个数对农户参与农田水利建设意愿有显著负影响,而户主年龄、文化程度、经营规模、区域类型等变量的影响不显著。

  • Resources Utilization and Management
    GAO Mao-sheng, WEN Xiao-xia, HUANG Ling-dan, LIAO Yun-cheng, LIU Gen-quan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2010, 25(4): 547-555. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.04.003
    CSCD(22)

    为了揭示土壤耕作和秸秆覆盖对苹果园土壤保蓄水性能及土壤肥力的影响,研究设置了以土壤耕作(免耕、翻耕、旋耕)为主处理,秸秆覆盖(秸秆覆盖、无覆盖)为副处理的裂区试验,对比分析了各处理果园土壤水分贮量、土壤肥力等性状。结果表明,免耕裸地与翻耕裸地处理的保蓄水效应在果树不同生长期表现不同,在5月份免耕裸地处理2m土层内土壤贮水量显著高于翻耕裸地处理,而在10月份免耕裸地处理显著低于翻耕裸地处理;秸秆覆盖各处理2m土层内土壤贮水量均明显高于无覆盖各处理,耕作与秸秆覆盖相结合在整个土壤水分测定过程中均以免耕秸秆覆盖土壤贮水量最高且较稳定;耕作与秸秆覆盖相结合显著提高了有机质含量,土壤速效肥含量明显增加,各处理以翻耕秸秆覆盖及免耕秸秆覆盖土壤养分含量为最高。在渭北洛川苹果生产基地,采用免耕秸秆覆盖技术能起到较好的保蓄水作用,土壤肥力明显增加。