In this paper the crop growth simulation model developed by Penning ele Vries in 1988 and Fuzzy mathod are used to analyze the natural production potential of soils under two cropping systems. The results show that the climatic yield potential of the system of simulated wheat/corn-late rice cropping is about 3000kg/ha higher than that of the system of wheat-single rice cropping. The wheat yield can reach or come close to the climatic yield potential under better soil drainage condition , while the climatic yield potential of corn is greatly affected by the yearly rainfall variation. The natural production potential of the paddy soil genuses in Danyang city is 12645kg/ha when the wheat-single rice cropping system is used. But the yield potential can reach 16495. 5kg/ha if the effect of chemical fertilizers on the yield increase is considered. According to the results mentioned above,the wheat production in Danyang city should emphasize the increase of the natural production potential of soils. As for the single rice,its production should mainly depend on the increase of the climatic yield potential of the crop varieties.

The resource science research is an important basic building block of the civilization development of society. The evolution of the man-resource relationship has experienced three stages:the period of the worship of nature,the period of selfish departmentalism and technique revolution, and the period of the modern coordinative development. The real resource science research was initiated in the early 20th centry. As the three great pillars of the resource science research,resource geography,resource ecology and resource economics have developed quickly. The resource science research in recent 20-30 years indicates that the modern resource science has three tendencies.(1) Strategical researches on the dynamic prediction. the areal developmental model and the relationship between the resource supply and actual requirement are becoming more active;(2)Managerial researches based on the rational utilization of resources are becoming a hot feild of resource science ; (3)The researches proceed from qualitive analysis to quantitative analysis and modeling.

In the global climatic change, China's climatic change will be more complicated and its impact on the agricultural climatic resources and agricultural production will also be more obvious. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary taking the agricultural climatic resources as a comprehensive climatic information system to evaluate he impact of the climatic change on agriculture and explore the correspondent ways to deal with it. This article studies the impact of climatic change on China's heat resource, and makes a co relation analysis of the climatic conditions and the agricultural climatic heat resource in order to establish a regression equation and make simulant computation with the Monte Carlo Method. In addition, it analyses the change of the heat resource that possible results from climatic change, evaluates its impact on agriculture, and finally sets forth the correspondent countermeasu es.

In this paper, first of all, an integrative benefit assessment model of water resources utilization for the water in the upper, middle and lower reach of the Tarim river is set up and the priority order of each water user is determined. On this basis, by using the method of decomposition and coordination, a two-layer model of water resources optimization allocation with the purpose of achieving the best integrative benefit is set up, and the water resource optimization allocation schemes of the Tarim river for different year patterns in the year 2000 are calculated. The results are comparatively good. This is helpful to scientific management of the water resoures exploitation and utilization in this region in the future.

This paper analyses and expounds the current situation and development trend of the land resource science. The discussion is based on the research background at home and abroad, the theoretical base of the subject, the research content, research methodology and form of expression, and development prospects and applied objectives. Thus, the author holds that the land resource science has preliminarily been formed as an independent subject and from now on we should continuously perfect its theory and enrich its practice.

The Niyang river region is situated in the Linzhi prefecture of Tibet. The area of its farmland accounts for 64. 7% of the area of Linzhi. The development of planting industry has great influence on the local agricultural development. At present, the planting structure in the region is dominated by the cryophilic grain crops such as winter wheat,highland barley,etc. and the agro-climatic resources such as the temperature and precipitation in the three summer months have not yet been fully utilized. Considering the above fact and other reasons there is a need of a new strategy for the development of planting industry in the region.The theoretical analysis and partial practices have shown that developing corn as a high-quality feed grain is recommendable, because the development of corn can change the present monoculture structure of cool-season grain corps to a tribasic crop structure of grain. Cash crop and forage, including both cryophilic crops and thermophilic crops. As a result of the change in corp structure,it is easier to realize (1)the good combination of farming and animal husbandry, (2)the full and rational utilization of agroclimatic resources,and (3)speeding up the transformation of grain from food to feed and raising the transformation benefits.According to the thought mentioned above,the possibility,necessity,importance,developmental scale and strategic countermeasures of developing corn in the region are discussed fully in the paper.

In this paper, the author first probes the integrated evaluation system of territorial resources and proposes the corresponding evaluation index. Then the author introduces how to establish a system on the computer in which the evaluation index of resources can produce automatically and the method of how to use this system to produce the needed index. Also, the problems which need to be studies further are pointed out. What the author has done is to provide some experiences for the automation of evaluating the study of the exploitation of regional resources.

A sharp contradiction between water-supply and water-demand has been created because the water resources which can be used are limited and the water-demand of industry and agriculture is increasing with the development of national economy. Therefore, it is of practical significance to apply optimal regulation to reservoirs. Using systematic analysis method, the study herein establishes an aggregation-disaggregation model for the optimal regulation of multireservoirs, so as to obtain the optimal operation policy whilst keeping the whole benefit of the reservoir system optimal. Accordingly, the operation and management of reservoirs will be based on science.

In land utilization planning, to calculate the shadow price of the linear planning result may determine for the objective function (S) the additional contribution value produced by the result at the time of optimus state and when certain limiting condition (a_ijx_i=b_i) is relaxed. On the other hand, the sensitivity analysis solves the permitted feasible change scope of the resource restriction quantity (b_i) and the benefit coefficient (c_i). Here the change scope is brought about by the change of market situation and production process under the condition that the linear planning still keeps the optimum solution. As the above mentioned calculation and analysis, the static linear planning model is made to move a step forward toward the direction of the dynamic model. This expands the realm for it to be popularized and applied in a certain place and at a certain time.

Recently,the Institute of Botany of Sichuan University has conducted a systematic investigation of the wild cruciferous oil plant resource of the grassland of West Sichuan and collected the specimens of plants and seeds belonging to about 12 genera and 20 species. According to the results of seed oil analysis and plant introduction, the following oil plants are selected for further study and utilization. They are the edible oil plant species Descurainia sophia and Thlaspi arvense, the high quality edible oil plant species Rorippa elata,and the oil plant species Malcolmia africana and Lepidium apetalum which can be used in indurstry.

In this paper, the agricultural-pastoral belt of Inner Mongolia (a very typical region with heavy agricultural disasters)is selected as a study area. Through a series of indexes that reflect the agricultural disaster situation, the present conditions and spatial distribution regularity of the disaster situation are analyzed. There are four principal kinds of agricultural disaster situation. By using the index of product deciation rate, according to the method of Fuzzy Classification, the regions with the same disaster situation are divided. At the same time,the laws of the dynamic change and the regional difference of agricultural disaster situation are discussed. It has been found that in different regions there are different characteristics about the period when the product reduction year occurs,the degree of product reduction and the related hazard-formating factors.

Inner-Mongolia is located in the peripheral area of the Monsoon climate region. The dynamic analysis shows that the climatic productive potential there has great variation from year to year, especially in the region where water is a dominant limiting factor. Using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF),the result of the temparal and spatial analysis reveals that the variation of the productive potential synchronizes with time and has regional difference in variation amplitude and that its variation in the east is opposite to that in the west.

The impact of global change on China's desertification discussed here is based on the following premises: ①According to general acknowledgoment of the most international researchers, if the current industral structure will remain unchanged, CO2 concentration will be doubled until 2030 and mean annual temperature will be increasing for 1. 5-4.5℃ then; ②"Desertification" caused by irrational human activities and climatic change is referred to the land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas. The analysis of China's desertification adopts UNEP's aridity index (ratio of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration) which ranges from 0. 05 to 0.65 excluding arctic and sub-arctic regions. The potential evapotranspiration is abtained from Thornthwaite's formula. 30 year's data of more than 700 climatological station in China have been used for calculation. The result of the analysis is as follows:(1)Under the impact of the global Change, China's arid zones will be expanded and land desertification will be developed. Currenty, China's arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas cover 2.976 million square km plus extreme arid area 697 thousands square km. the total area of arid and extreme arid areas is 3.673 million square km of 38.3% of China's total area, including 2. 08 million square km of desertificated land area. After CO2 doubled and mean annual temperature increased to 4℃, China's arid area will be expanded to 4.63 million square km or 48.3% of China's total area, including 2. 67 million square km of desertification land area. The increasing rate of land desertification will be 6941 km2/year.(2) Under the impact of global change, China's arid zone, will become warmer and drier. According to the date of more than 160 climatological stations in China for 40 years. During the period of 1951-1991, the 10 years running mean temperature of arid (semi-arid and dry sub-humid) areas shows an increasing tendency since the 70ties. The 10 years running precipitation also increased since 70ties, but slowly. But, the annual mean temperature of China's arid area increased insignificantly, its winter temperature increased obviously, but the summer temperature decreased. The annual precipitation of arid area has a prominent increasing after the 70ties. The semi-arid area of China has showed a different pattern of climatic variation, its temperature increased significantly since 70ties, especially in the winter, but its precipitation reduced obviously than the 50 and 60ties.

This paper discusses the economic developmental issues which the poverty-stricken areas are facing in the new situation of transforming to the social market economy, and also goes further into the countermeasures for the acceleration of economic development in theseareas.

This paper attempts to give a general review about the background and development of the concept of sustainable development since the United Nation's Conference on Human Environment held in Stokholm in 1992. The main features and principles of sustainable development are summarized. The challenges and opportunities in natural resources management in China are analysed. Based on the principles of sustainable development, in accordance with the concret conditions of China,a strategy for sustainable development of natural resources is presented. This includes to establish a framework of interconnected systems of population,resources, environment and development at the national level; to keep the population in a sustainable level;to develop integrated eco-farming systems in rural areas; to promot technical and energy revolution; and to strenthen training, education, and research. The conservation of biodiversity and vitality of biological resources are recommended. International cooperation and people's participation are also emphasised. It is suggested to establish the information and monitoring systems as well as a decision making management system so as to develop the natural resources on a sustainable bases.

The Chinese pig breeding has a long history. 9000-6000 years ago, the Chinese ancestors already tamed and trained the local wild boars. The Chinese ancient people paid great attention to the selective work of pigs. So, as early as in the Han Dynasty fine germ-plasm of Chinese pigs was well-known at home and abroad. During the Han Dynasty, the Small-ear pig of South China was introduced into Da chin country (Roman empire)to be bred into the ancient Roman pigs. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Chinese pigs(Guangdong pig species) were introduced into Britain, the USA, etc. Then they. played an important role in the improvement of those countries' pig species.In recent years, for lack of good species resource some countries with developed animal husbandry have paid great attention to Chinese pig species and introduced them to many western countries. They have got the encouraging effects. Therefore nowadays France, Britain, Japan,U. S. A. and Netherlands are all carrying out the resources on pigs and hope to make greater contributions to the improvement of the world's pig species.

Resource strategy is an important integral part of the economic development strategy. Different countries have different resource strategies, and of course, have different results. On the basis of the analysis of resource strategies of different countries, this paper obtains three useful inspirations: ① The mutual dependence in international economic development becomes more and more strong. ② The selection of resource strategy should suit the reality of the country concerned. ③ The economic structure should be diversified.This paper also analyses deeply the causes of the formation of the highconsumption and low-efficiency resource strategy of China and points out the four main aspects of selecting the resource strategy:①Diversity is the starting point of the resource strategy of China. ② Fully utilizing the domestic resources and actively utilizing the resources abroad are the core of resource strategy of China. ③Protecting the resources and environment is an important integral part of the resource strategy of China. ④Establishing a resources-thrift type of national economic system is the target of China's resource strategy.

Sichuan Province abounds with natural resources.The natural resources are characterized by existing in different spatial forms,having a great diversity of types ,varieties and species,huge quantities of reserves,accumulation on a large scale, and good regional serialization conditions. The provincial industrial development is based on resources exploitation. The complex industrial system originates from the diversities of natural resources, and the industrial structure relates closely to resources structure,The main products and their outputs depend on the kinds of resources superiority. The industrial structure and regionalization indicates the influence of the diversity and structure of resources. The locations large enterprises show to be affected by resources distribution. The export goods are mostly composed Of raw materials and primarily processed products. At present, the resources exploitation faces some problems which need to be resolved,including low-level processing, unreasonable structure, serious waste, unfavourable environmental impact, etc. For future exploitation, a sound resources exploitation strategy should be worked out.This includes the market guide, raising the level of resources processing, and realizing the high technicalization, fineness and high output value in resources utilization.

In Southwest China, the raw materials for making the traditional Chinese medicine are famous at home and abroad because of the richness of their varieties, high quality, large quantity and long history. The producing regions are traditionally known as "Chuan (Sichuan)-Guang (Guangdong and Guangxi)-Yun (Yunnan)-Gui(Guizhou)". There are about 5750 species of medicinal plants there, which account for eighty percent of the sum total of these resources in whole country. Almost all the original plants of crude drugs and all the medicinal plants for curing verious kinds of diseases can be found in the Southwest. Indeed,the Southwest is a treasure-house for developing new natural drugs and healthkeeping medicinces.

In China, the preperty right system of natural resources has been defined unclearly and unreasonably since the mid-fifties,and as a result of this the efficiency of natural resources allocation is low. According to many practical examples and the theory of transaction coot,this paper shows the strong and weak points of some main property right systems and puts forward some envisagements about the coming reform.

The water resources system consists mainly of surface and ground water. In this paper, the water resources system is resolved into the surface water system and the ground water system, according to the theory of the multi-level optimal control of a large-scale system. A multiple-objective management model is given for the surface water system, and an economic management model is developed for the ground water system. Then a coordinative function is designed in order to coordinate the surface and ground water systems. So, the total water resources system is operated by the optimal strategy. Various agricultural, industrial and life demand departments are considered in the regional economy. A decomposition-coordination optimal management model is developed for the demand water system. Finally,the total coordinated function is designed in order to coordinate the supply water system and the demand water system. So, the optimal operational strategy is provided for the total water resources system and the regional economic system.

Lateritic red earth is a zonal soil in the south subtropical zone and distributes widely on low hilly land and platforms where the altitude is lower than 300-450 meters. Its area is large,occupying 45% of total soil area of Guangdong province. Under the bioclimatic conditions of the south subtropical zone where high temperature is accompanied by heavy rainfall,the characteristics of soil formation include strong desilication,ferric-allitic weathering, flourishing biological cycle, seashore re-salinization, etc. The following are the main characteristics of the soil: It has a complete genetic profile,the kaolinite content is the main part of clay minerals, the acidity is strong, the nutrient content is relatively low, and the soil texture is generally sandy.Lateritic red earth is a main base for developing a diversified agriculture on hills and platforms of the south subtropical zone in Guangdong province, Its productive potential is very great. In order to fully develop its productive superiority and raise the soil fertility, the following aspects must be emphasized. They are suitable exploitation and utilization of land according to local conditions, suitable, rotation and interplanting of crops, suitable dressing,preventing soil and water loss, developing irrigation, and so on.

This paper attempts to examine the general development strategy of the Yellow River Delta Region from the viewpoint of mutual relation between this region and its external environment. The study is divided into three main steps. Firstly,we evaluate the characteristics of the regional natural resources and their possible significance to the regional development,and also analyse the structure and function of the regional economic system. Secondly,on the basis of the findings of the first step we identify the strategic supperiorities of the economic development and some major limiting factors in this region. Finally, the general pattern of the regional development strategy is discussed. Four aspects have been selected for discussion. They are the strategic position,the strategic direction,the strategic goal and the strategic measures. It is hoped that this study could provide some scientific bases for the development planning of the Yellow River Delta Region.

According to the features of agricultural resources of China,the developmental situations of agriculture and the market requirements, and on the basis of analysing the neccessity and possibility of developing the high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency agriculture, the basic ways and major countermeasures for rational use of agricultural resources and developing the high-yield,hign-quality and high-efficiency agriculture are put forward in the paper.

The rice quality is affected obviously by climatic conditions. The rice-quality climatic resources are diversified in various regions of our country and their influences upon the rice quality have their respective characteristics. The general trend of the distribution of such climatic resources is that the resources in the north are more excellent than those in the south,the resources in the west are more excellent than those in the east, the resources of the latestubble rice are more excellent than those of the early-stugbble rice,and the resources in the regions with complex terrain have vertical zonality structure. The rich rice-quality climatic resources create superior environment for the production of the good quality rice of various types in our country.

Hulunboir is a region very rich in natural resources. However,for a long time because of improper exploitation the rich natural resources have not promoted the efficient industrial development or accelerated. The region's industrialization process,since the start of the reform,there again have emerged some new contradictions in the exploitation of resources.Through our analysis we believe that the following industrial strategy should be adopted in Hulunboir: centering on the exploitation of the native resources, sustainablly developing the depth of resources processing and building up the structure of industrial departments with local characteristics.After having analysed the characteristics of the resources and the present situations and trends of industrial development in Hulunboir, we have reclassified its industrial departments and they are divided into three major types: the key industrial department, the general─supported department and the restricted industrial department. The key industrial department mainly includes the energy industry, the food industry, the beverage industry, the forest products processing industry (including paper─making industry,furniture industry, etc.)and the monferrous matallurgical industry, the general─supported department includes leather, textile, chemical products, mechanics,building materials, garments, medicine, electronics, steel─making, plastics, rubber products and feed─processing industries;the restricted industrial department inclndes some high energy consumption and iron─smelting industries.In conclusion the author suggests that during the industrial development we should natice six issues, including the application of industrial policies,the enhancement of the infrastructure construction and the environmental protection etc.

In this paper, the characteristics of the wetland ecosystem of the Poyang Lake national nature reserve are discussed through considerations of the hydrography, soil, biological composition and system function. On the basis of the discussion, the classification and evaluation of the wetland ecosystem are conducted. In the end, four suggestions are made for the future development of the reserve.

This paper has calculated the physical value,monetary value and green GDP for forest and so on in the Greater Hinggan Mountains in Heilongjiang Province in China from 1997 to 2003 based on green accounting summary both at home and abroad.The accounting result indicates that the eaGDP(environmentally adjusted GDP)was 3.819 billion yuan in 1997 and 5.734 billion yuan in 2003,an annual increase of 7.01% annually from 1997 to 2003.At the same time,the eaNDP(environmentally adjusted NDP)was 2.570 billion yuan in 1997 and 3.925 billion yuan in 2003,an annual increase of 7.31% in the same period.In addition,the balance sheet and wealth table have been valuated in the Greater Hinggan Mountains.The result of valuation shows that there was a decreasing tendency for the values of forest land,the forest stocks and the forest social benefits,as well as an increasing tendency for the values of forest environment services from 1997 to 2003.All this reflects that forest land and the forest stocks have been over exploited and used in the sociaeconomic development in the Greater Hinggan Mountains in Heilongjiang.It also shows that the proportions of green GDP to GDP,and the forest resources to the wealth display the decreasing tendencies,indicating that the potential supports of forest resources to national economic development declined generally although the growth volume exceeded the consumption volume.This is an indication of sustainable management of forest resources after the implementation of natural forest protection project in the Greater Hinggan Mountains.Finally,this paper suggests that research on the policy of compensating ecology should be strengthened,and green wealth policy should be formulated so as to positively carry out the forest sustainable management countermeasures and to ensure the sustainable development and the green wealth growth in the Greater Hinggan Mountains in Heilongjiang in the future.

Reasonable zoning of the nature reserve is one of the key issues to maintain the na,ture reserve's ecological function and sustainable development.The zoning mode of the core,buffer,experimental zones reflects the grading measure of biological conservation.And the least,cost distance model describes the degrees of species conservation and of landscape disturbance on species.Thus the thresholds of zoning are the bridge of the least,cost distance and the functional zoning.In this paper,the feasibility of applying the least,cost distance model to nature reserve zoning was put forward.The methods and technologies of functional zoning by using the least,cost distance model based on classification of standard deviation were applied in the functional zoning of Laoxiancheng Nature Reserve.And the different safety modes of nature reserve zoning were constructed,which could promote the research of functional zoning. It was necessary to define the thresholds of the least,cost distance so that nature reserve zonation could be obtained automatically.The process of selective movement of species around environment was reflected by the model of the least,cost distance;therefore,the spatial variance of the least,cost distance could reflect the habitat's sudden change and stability.Based on the statistical concept,the paper classified the least,cost distance using the standard deviation,and obtained three thresholds of core,buffer and experimental zones. The procedure of zoning nature reserve based on the least,cost distance includes(1)to identify the sources;(2)to analyse the resistant layers;(3)to define resistant values;(4)to calculate the least,cost distance;(5)to setup three thresholds of nature reserve zoning;and(6)to implement the zonation.The main elements affecting the least,cost distance model were analysing the resistance layers,assigning the resistance values and defining the thresholds of zones. The results showed that(1)the selection of three thresholds of functional zoning was the key step of applying the least,cost distance model;(2)the different zoning models with various safety levels for buffer zones can be designed by utilizing the classification of standard deviation;(3) the calculation process of least,cost distance took many factors into account,such as elevation,slope,vegetation type,and the distribution of bamboo,which could further meet the demand of the designation of nature reserve;and(4)the proposed zoning approach for nature reserves based on the least,cost distance model was practicable and contributed a new content to the method system of nature reserves'functional zoning.Different safety,level zonations could regulate the management ability and further satisfy the real situation of nature reserve much more.This method could be applicated and extended to the related nature reserves which aimed at preserving endangered species.

Regional land use change is an important part of global change,especially in the areas where local economy is developing rapidly.The Su-Xi-Chang(Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou) area is one of the hot spots for socio-economic development in China,the land use change will be improved greatly.Based on the Landsat TM data in 1980,1995 and 2000,measurement of Su-Xi-Chang area's land use change was conducted with the support of RS and GIS.Based on the land use change matrix and the local social data,economic data and environmental data,the characters and the effectiveness of land use change was conducted.Conclusions of the study are drawn as follows: (1)Construction land expanded rapidly at the expanse of encroaching cultivated land.The quantity of construction land in 2000 was 1.77 times of that in 1980 and 42.48% of the increased part rooted in cultivated land,most of which was high quality paddy field. (2)Rural residential area spread at the same time in despite of the consolidation.From 1980 to 2000,rural residential area increased 480.55 km₂ at the same rate of construction land increase.Despite of the rapid urbanization of the population,the urbanization of the land was laggard. (3)Cultivated land decreased rapidly with the trend of fragmentation and decentralization,the other land use types were centralized comparatively at the same time,especially construction land.The landscape diversity increased with the decrease of the landscape dominance. (4)Construction land expanded with the core of cities and traffic line.The land use transformation became more intensive with approach to the city and traffic line. (5)The land use change get good effect at the aspect of economic and society,focusing on the urban area.The GDP of industry and commerce,the local financial input,the gross output value of agriculture,the personal income and the number of employed got increased with the land use change. (6)The environmental effect of land use change was not good,focusing on the urban areas.The pollution became more serious with the expansion of construction land.Since 1995,the industrial pollution has been under control and reduced,but the urban pollution aggravated simultaneously.