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  • Utilization and Management of Natural Resources in the New Era
    LIN Ming-shui, HU Xiao-peng, YANG Yong, ZOU Yong-guang, WANG Ren, LIU Hua-jun, CHEN Gang-hua, WANG Xue-ji, CHEN Shi-hua, LIN Juan, ZHANG Hong-lei
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(9): 2237-2262. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230904

    In the era of digital economy, the tourism development model based on traditional natural and human resources can no longer effectively meet the diversified and personalized needs of tourists. Some non-traditional tourism resources in digital platforms have attracted a large amount of attention capital and converted into tourism flows, which greatly expands the content and boundaries of tourism resources. The emergence of the flow economy has not only profoundly affected the development model of tourism, but also posed new challenges to the theory and practice of tourism resource development. Interviews show that: First, the formation of the flow economy is not a coincidental phenomenon; although the spread of flow leads to the expansion of attention capital scale and drives tourism development, the core of tourism development lies in tourism resource endowment, tourism service quality, government support and guarantee, etc. Second, the flow economy drives the recombination, agglomeration and diffusion of tourism supply and demand factors, and quickly caters to the individual needs of tourists, while whether the tourism industry can adjust its service supply capacity in response to changes in tourist demand becomes the key path and mechanism for the flow economy to promote tourism development. Third, in order to promote the flow economy to empower the high-quality development of tourism, it is necessary to combine effective market and active government, and to establish the brand of tourism. We can also make full use of the spatial effect of the flow economy to promote the collaborative development of regional tourism. Finally, after the tourism boom triggered by the flow economy, it is also necessary to calmly consider the mismatch of resources, negative environmental effects, cultural conflicts and contradictions between short-term hotspots and long-term investment. Only in this way can tourist destinations follow a sustainable development path.

  • Interview with Experts
    CHENG Ye-qing, HU Shou-geng, YANG Ren, TAO Wei, LI Hong-bo, LI Bo-hua, LIU Pei-lin, Wei Feng-qun, GUO Wen, TANG Cheng-cai, GU Kang-kang, TANG Xue-qiong
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(8): 1735-1759. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240801

    The protection and utilization of traditional villages is not only a major practical issue to realize China's rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, but also a hot topic in the integration and cross-research of geography, sociology, planning, economics and other disciplines. In order to systematically explore the theoretical cognition, practical problems, system mechanism, practical experience and effective path of the protection and utilization of traditional villages in China, 11 experts in the research field of traditional villages were invited to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on the classification of Chinese traditional villages from three perspectives: policy change and typical model, macro mechanism and core theme, theoretical cognition and practical path, and focuses on specific practices such as industrial integration, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality, based on the theoretical understanding of the macro system and mechanism for the protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages. Advanced theoretical and practical issues such as industrial integration, landscape protection, organic renewal, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality were discussed in depth. According to the main views of the experts, the protection and utilization of China's traditional villages in the new era should focus on: (1) The main problems of protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages facing the impact of rapid urbanization and modernization, the innovation of mechanism and system, and the realization path. In view of the conflict between modern civilization and agricultural civilization faced by traditional Chinese villages and the major strategic needs for national rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, the combination of "top-down" and "bottom-up" is adopted to build a diversified integration mechanism featuring multi-subject participation, organic integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, and overall coordination. By exploring the endogenous growth factors of traditional villages and the historical inheritance and cultural context of traditional villages, strengthening the leadership of rural grassroots party building, giving play to the role of villagers as the main body, reshaping the public cultural space system of traditional villages and all-round digital twin modeling, etc., we will create a living environment that is in line with modernization development and ecological civilization construction and jointly build a cultural map, to realize the transformation of traditional Chinese villages from "vegetable gardens" and "back gardens" to "spiritual homes". (2) Core themes and specific spatial practices of protection and utilization of traditional Chinese villages for rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization. Focus on the core themes of traditional village classification, industrial integration, organic renewal, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and local reconstruction, and strengthen the classification and classification of traditional villages based on the coupling of key factors such as "livelihood, water, food, energy and land"; focus on the significance, connotation and influence mechanism of the time dimension, space dimension and attribute dimension of traditional village industrial transformation; focus on the three tasks of "protection and development countermeasures, measures to improve people's livelihood, and strategies to activate utilization" to promote the organic renewal of traditional settlements; emphasis should be placed on the gene protection and inner spiritual value mining of traditional human settlement cultural landscape, the "living" protection and utilization of traditional living space and the "activation" of traditional cultural heritage; focus on the diversification of traditional village activities, "co-construction, co-governance and sharing" and the construction of beautiful villages; the importance of natural non-human elements and human beings as spatial order construction and place construction of traditional villages and their active practice are emphasized to promote the realization of multi-functionality and multi-value of traditional villages. Pay attention to the excavation of traditional cultural heritage and intensive and efficient material space, create a harmonious and comfortable social space and protect and inherit traditional culture space; focusing on rural elements such as "ecology, culture, subject, and industry", strengthening ecological background, inheriting and developing local culture, balancing capital advantages and local embeddedness among local and cross-local subjects, so as to realize local reconstruction and characteristic remodeling of traditional Chinese villages.

  • Interview with Experts
    ZHOU Guo-hua, LONG Hua-lou, LIN Wan-long, QIAO Jia-jun, TAN Hua-yun, YANG Kai-zhong, YUE Wen-ze, YUN Wen-ju, HUANG Xian-jin, LU Han-wen, LI Xun
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(8): 1919-1940. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230801

    "Three rural issues" (issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) is an important mainline of the CPC's centennial course of party building and China's urban-rural development. In order to solve the "three rural issues" in the New Era and promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, we hereby invite ten experts in the research field of "three rural issues" and rural revitalization research to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on three perspectives: Historical process and institutional context, urban-rural system and cross scale space, and the integration of policy theory, technical methods, and rural construction practice. It revolves three main lines: The strategic stage and institutional changes of "three rural issues", the essence of "three rural issues" and the ways to solve new "three rural issues", and the rural revitalization mechanism and rural construction practice. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The essence, key areas, and institutional mechanism innovation of the "three rural issues" in the context of spatio-temporal processes and institutional contexts. It is necessary to grasp the laws of "three rural" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) and diagnose the "three rural issues" from the perspective of urban and rural regional systems and even the global perspective space. The "three rural issues" is an optimization decision-making problem for improving the functions of rural regional systems within the overall framework of urban and rural regional systems. The imbalance in urban-rural development and insufficient rural development are the concentrated reflection of the "three rural issues" in the New Era. The crux of the "three rural issues" lies in the uncoordinated development of "human, land, and industry". The core goal of China's "three rural issues" in the new development stage is to move towards the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. The corresponding development system and working mechanism of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" need to grasp the two "bottom lines", do a good job in the two "connections", and promote the two "integrations" in key areas such as national food security, farmers' livelihood development, modern agriculture and rural development, rural revitalization, and urban-rural integration development. (2) The theory of rural revitalization and the rural spatial planning under the requirements of urban-rural system interaction and people's common prosperity. The research and solution of China's "three rural issues" are rooted in the geographical theory of territorial system theory of human-environment interaction and location theory, the sector economy theory and the economic cycle theory, as well as the theory of development economics, sociological function theory and social conflict theories. In the research practice of the "three rural issues", land use transformation theory, rural reconstruction theory, rural development multi-body and multi-pole theory, interface theory, rural attraction theory, and rural sustainability have also been developed. The urban-rural integrated development and the common prosperity of the people should be the result of balanced regional development and Chinese path to modernization. The folk expression of "making rural life attractive" and the strategic goal of "basically realizing rural modernization by 2035" are mutually "exterior-interior" relationship, which can be comprehensively explained from the following three aspects: The spatio-temporal differences and path differentiation of rural settlement evolution and multi-functional transformation, and the phenomenon explanation of rural gentrification and the theoretical application of rural attraction in the context of urban-rural interaction, as well as the theoretical significance and practical path of rural modernization under the guidance of rural sustainability science. Improving local quality is an inherent requirement to meet the people's needs for a better life, and it is an essential requirement and general law of rural revitalization driven by innovation. As the edge of the national urban-rural system, rural areas face constraints such as segmentation, remoteness, low density, and insufficient heterogeneity dividends in improving local quality. Therefore, to improve local quality of rural areas, it is necessary to adapt to and alleviate the relative inefficiency of rural geography, and its important promotion paths include the characteristic development based on endowment, digital transformation and rural agglomeration centered around cities and towns. Guided by spatial planning and taking into account the integrated functional development of production-living-ecological spaces in rural areas, as well as the integration of urban and rural space through spatial planning, through promoting the quality of living space through comprehensive land improvement, assisting in the realization of multifunctional value in agricultural space through refined management, ensuring the sustainable use of ecological space through systematic protection and restoration, which is a solid foundation for rural revitalization and the construction of a new urban-rural relationship. (3) The path mechanism and technical support for the comprehensive rural revitalization and rural construction under the new needs of ecological civilization construction and governance modernization. Comprehensive rural revitalization requires the revitalization of industries, the reform of land, the development of human well-being, and the intelligent updating of technology. First, the essence of operating rural areas is the rational allocation of resources as the object of factors. It is necessary to integrate the high-quality development of agriculture with the high-quality and livable rural areas, promote the interaction and integration of urban and rural systems, actively link natural science, engineering technology innovation, and institutional innovation from the perspective of the big food concept, and implement food safety and important agricultural product supply security. Second, facing the new demand of rural sustainable development and governance modernization, we should innovate the property right governance integration mechanism of rural land system, especially actively build a rural green development mechanism with farmers' participation and an external benefit sharing mechanism of ecological environment governance. Third, it is urgent to break through the barriers that farmers share the gains from the appreciation of rural assets, fill the gap between small farmers and modern agriculture, and establish a concept of county governance that meets the needs of Chinese path to modernization. Fourth, rural construction is an organic combination of the governance of public spaces by the state and the daily life practices of farmers. Through the theory and technology of "computational" rural areas, effective connection and information sharing between the state and rural areas can be achieved, promoting coordinated development from micro to macro, and from local to whole. And we should achieve the aim of building livable, suitable for work, and beautiful rural areas, through multi-level main body co-construction, co-governance, and management. To sum up, the interview views can provide theoretical reference and decision-making reference for the "three rural issues" work innovation and rural revitalization practice towards Chinese path to modernization.

  • Innovative Resources Development: Theory and Pathway
    SUN Jiu-xia, ZHANG Ling-yuan, LUO Yi-lin
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(2): 318-334. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230204

    Under the mission of the new era, guiding the development of rural tourism resources with the goal of common prosperity has the dual significance of enhancing the value of resources and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. According to the logic of "development of rural tourism resources-realization of the common prosperity of rural farmers-attainment of material and spiritual prosperity of the entire society", this paper identifies the relationship between the development of rural tourism resources and common prosperity and clarifies the realistic predicament and the existing gap in achieving common prosperity. It is found that both traditional rural tourist destinations oriented by local resources and modern rural tourist destinations oriented by high-standard services are actively excavating advantageous resources and improving supporting facilities so as to adapt to market transformation. Meanwhile, two major characteristics are reflected: first, the participants of rural tourism resources have diversified cooperation, and the development mode is becoming mature; second, rural tourism has made outstanding contributions in helping reduce poverty, promoting social equity and satisfying spiritual and cultural needs, which fully fits the process of common prosperity. However, there is still a large gap between the development of rural tourism resources and the goal of common prosperity. In particular, different regions and different groups have multiple gaps in the efficiency, level and ability of development, which leads to the lack of extensive, in-depth and thorough solutions to contradictions between the unbalanced development of rural areas and the farmers' needs for a better life. Based on the the principle of "high-quality development of rural tourism, integrated development of urban and rural areas, and all-round development of people", this paper constructs an innovative path of rural tourism resources, which is composed of "effective development, collaborative development and sustainable development" to promote the high-quality transformation and development of China's rural tourism industry and help achieve common prosperity.

  • Interview with Experts
    JIN Xiao-bin, YE Chao, YUE Wen-ze, MA Li-bang, LUO Zhen-dong, YANG Ren, LYU Xiao, WANG Cheng, LI Chuan-wu, ZHANG Guo-jun, FAN Ye-ting
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(1): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240101

    Urban-rural integrated development is an important way to coordinate the national strategies of new urbanization and rural revitalization. It is also crucial for Chinese-style modernization. To comprehensively tackle challenges facing the current urban-rural integration in China, explore the path of coordinated urban-rural governance, and clarify the strategies for urban-rural integrated development, experts from various fields were cordially invited to engage in in-depth discussions on pressing issues related to urban-rural iintegrated development. These issues include the trends and pathways of urban-rural integration in contemporary China, Innovation of institutions and mechanisms for urban-rural integration, implementation pathways for territorial spatial planning, emerging rural business models and rural transformation pathways, high-quality development pathways for urban-rural integration in different regions, and the path of promoting urban-rural integrated development through comprehensive land consolidation. These discussions aimed to advance theoretical research and practical planning of urban-rural integrated development in China. Attentions need to be paid in urban-rural integrated development in the New Era on: (1) The primary obstacles and innovative pathways in the institutions and mechanisms of urban-rural integrated development guided by comprehensive coordination and regional interconnectivity. Constructing an infrastructure and public service system that effectively connects and complements urban and rural areas, accelerating the coordinated development of urban and rural areas using counties as the carrier, and promoting the flexible governance of this population while concurrently achieving integrated governance of urban-rural natural and social system. Promoting cross-border governance, encouraging cooperation and assistance between eastern and western regions, and achieving regional-scale coordinated development between urban and rural areas. Underdeveloped regions in both Central and Western China should strengthen the linkage role of counties and small towns. This involves enhancing their attractiveness for the inflow of talent, technology, and capital, and driving the transformation of industrial structures towards digitization, intelligence, and low. In contrast, developed regions in the Eastern China should establish a spatial structure system with multiple focal points, network layout, and clear hierarchies. They should expand the breadth and precision of urban-rural factor mobility, and promote the transformation and upgrade of traditional infrastructure and public services, aiming for inclusive development. (2) Optimizing the allocation of resource elements driven by the "planning-utilization-consolidation" cycle in territorial spatial management to achieve shared urban-rural governance and rural reconstruction. Anchoring the spatial pattern of urban and rural development through territorial spatial planning, optimizing the urban-rural spatial layout during planning implementation. Ultimately, improving the spatial quality organic renewal and driving bidirectional flows of diverse elements between urban and rural regions. Place emphasis on rural functional provision, resource utilization orientation, and industrial development models, uncovering multifaceted rural functions including production, lifestyle, ecology, and landscapes. Exploring regionally adapted industrial integration models that enhance agricultural and rural development vitality through distinctive features and high efficiency gains. We also should enhance the leading role of comprehensive land consolidation policies, incentivize and support active private capital involvement, promote resource integration and value enhancement. Strengthening urban-rural industrial synergy and integrated development, and facilitating the orderly flow of urban-rural resource elements. (3) Enhanced awareness and innovative practices in targeted urban-rural governance and rural transformation supported by digital technology and intelligent platforms. Establishing an urban-rural data sharing platform helps bridge the "digital divide" in urban-rural integrated development and enables refined governance across urban and rural areas. Deeply apply the technologies like 5G, Internet of Things (IoT) to support the transformation and upgrade of conventional infrastructure. Expanding the coverage of digital devices in rural basic facilities, and utilizing digital technology to integrate cultural resources across urban and rural areas. Promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the physical economy involves linking consumer markets through the internet and digital technology, establishing diverse channels for agricultural product distribution, and stimulating the transformation of consumption patterns and the enhancement of consumption capabilities for both urban and rural residents. Embedding digital technology into rural industry development and social governance processes to facilitate the intelligent transformation of agricultural production, digitalization of rural industry development, smartification of rural administrative affairs, and establishment of a digital grid for rural social governance. The aforementioned viewpoints can provide theoretical support and decision-making foundations for achieving the goal of urban-rural integrated development oriented towards Chinese-style modernization.

  • Regular Articles
    LIN Xiong-bin, NIU Bu-qing, PAN Qi, ZHAN Shuang-fen, MA Ren-feng
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(4): 960-977. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240413

    Under the strategy of accelerating the effort to build China into a country with a strong transport industry, local governments have actively carried out urban rail transit construction and promoted transit-oriented development (TOD) within the transit-serving areas, which has gradually generated significant social and economic effects. Indeed, urban China has issued a series of national or regional planning outlines and policies to promote the high-quality development of urban rail transit infrastructure and the associated land-use planning. Currently, to what extent urban rail transit can produce a land premium effect still remains controversial, which is significantly affected by contextual factors and research design. For the differentiation results of the premium effect in urban rail transit, a sample of 298 observations from 44 published journal articles was investigated by using a meta-analysis regression approach, and the influencing factors of differentiation results were discussed from two aspects: contextual factors and research design. The results of the meta-analysis regressions would be helpful to promote both economic development and social equity. The findings show that: (1) Urban rail transit can produce a certain land premium effect based on the transport mode substitution and land development evolution effects, but the rail transit premium effect presents significantly differentiated results based on different contextual factors and research design. (2) Contextual factors such as assessment objectives, rail transit maturity, and accessibility features are major factors influencing rail transit and land premium connections; different methodologies adopted will also influence rail transit premium evaluation results. Compared to the hedonic pricing model, the premium impact evaluated by the multi-period price change and local linear regression methods presents a higher result, while the difference-in-difference model has a lower result. (3) The premium effect of rail transit has dynamic complexity. Concerning the economic and social impact of urban rail transit, mechanisms such as land value capture can be constructed to promote the sustainability, equality, and accessibility of rail transit services.​

  • Interview with Experts
    MING Qing-zhong, LI Zhi-fei, XU Hong, LU Lin, LI Yan-qin, SUN Jiu-xia, LI Jun-yi, ZHANG Jin-he, ZHOU Guo-hua, LI Tong-sheng, ZHANG Yuan-gang
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(2): 286-304. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230202

    The creative utilization of resources is an important foundation and key driving force for rural tourism to promote common prosperity, as well as a major scientific issue and practical demand. The interview shows that rural tourism is developing vigorously, but there are still some practical problems such as insufficient understanding, unclear mechanisms and limited promotion effect. Given that the weaknesses and potential of common prosperity are all in the countryside, we should continue to pay attention to them from different perspectives. To solve the above problems, we should clarify the connotation and driving logic of the theory of rural tourism promoting common prosperity, innovate the rural tourism industry system, and build a model and realization mechanism for promoting common prosperity based on the practice of villagers' participation mechanism and endogenous power cultivation, cultural resources protection and inheritance and the promotion mechanism for common prosperity of spiritual life, digital empowerment mechanism and path, tourism income distribution system reform, spatial effect and land use optimization; and we also should promote balanced, coordinated and inclusive development. This paper aims to provide theoretical support and application basis for the creative use of rural tourism resources and the promotion of common prosperity.

  • Interview with Experts
    WU Kang, ZHANG Wen-zhong, ZHANG Ping-yu, XUE Bing, AN Shu-wei, SHAO Shuai, LONG Ying, LIU Yan-jun, TAO An-jun, HONG Hui
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(1): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230101

    The high-quality development of resource-based cities is of great importance. In order to clearly understand the problems existing in the transformation of resource-based cities and clarify the high-quality development path, experts from different fields are invited to discuss the current research frontiers of the main dilemmas and breakthrough paths of high-quality development of resource-based cities. The interview results show that the transformation of resource-based cities in China has made great achievements, but there is still a great distance from the requirements of high-quality development, highlighted by the fact that economic development still fails to get rid of the development path of resource dependence, the gathering of new factors to promote high-quality development is weak and resource-based cities are facing great pressure both internally and externally under the carbon emission reduction target. In the New Era, it is necessary to reconceptualize the role and status of resource-based cities and improve the ability of resource-based cities to ensure national resource and energy security; to realize the re-cognition of the new resource system based on a profound grasp of the connotation of the traditional concept of resource endowment, pay attention to the excavation of new resources and enrich the new knowledge system of resource-based city research. According to the development conditions of different types of resource-based cities, it is necessary to implement measures by categories and promote the innovative development of resource-based cities according to local conditions, and continue to improve the employment elasticity of economic growth, enhance the ability of economic development to pull employment, and pay full attention to the creation and cultivation of employment opportunities; accelerate the exploration of a green and efficient transformation and development path, and simultaneously realize the greening of "stock" and the greening of "increment"; to comprehensively consider the development basis and factor resource conditions of resource-based cities, and change from the traditional "growth and expansion type" to the development mode of "combination of efficient growth and smart shrinkage". It is necessary to integrate new data and new technological methods to scientifically/intelligently support the spatial governance of resource (exhausted) cities; to establish the guiding ideology of giving priority to people's livelihood, make up for the historical debts in the past construction process of resource-based cities through urban renewal, comprehensively improve the livability level and economic vitality of resource-based cities, and reshape the urban socio-spatial network; The "chain system" schemes and models such as "strengthen the chain, complement the chain and extend the chain" should be fully referenced for the industrial transformation of resource-based cities. The above viewpoints provide scientific and feasible theoretical and decision support for the high-quality development of resource-based cities.

  • LIU Xiao-jie, JIN Xiao-bin, LUO Xiu-li, ZHOU Yin-kang, XIAO Ren-rong
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(6): 1299-1319. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240604

    Urban-rural integration is a crucial avenue for the low-carbon transformation of national spaces, particularly in understanding its mechanisms for low-carbon land use within the context of regional integration. Employing the ESTDA framework and spatial econometric models, we quantified the spatio-temporal dynamics of urban-rural integration's impact on low-carbon land use in the Yangtze River Delta. This involved assessing the development level of urban-rural integration and the efficiency of low-carbon land use. Our analysis revealed the following findings: (1) Between 2005 and 2020, the Yangtze River Delta experienced a fluctuating upward trend in both urban-rural integration development level and low-carbon land-use efficiency, with notable regional disparities and a spreading pattern centered around the region's central cities. (2) A significant positive spatial correlation was observed between urban-rural integration and low-carbon land use efficiency, with an increasing spatial dependence. Local patterns remained stable, showing spatial clustering convergence for both high-high (HH) and low-low (LL) types. (3) In contrast to the evolution of low-carbon land use patterns, urban-rural spatial integration exhibited weak correlations, with local patterns and dynamic transitions displaying path-dependent and spatially locked features. (4) Urban-rural integration emerged as a key factor influencing low-carbon land use, with each 1% increase in its development level resulting in a 0.2% increase in local low-carbon land use efficiency. Among the control factors, the direct effects of technological inputs and the degree of opening up were positive, while the direct effects of financial and ecological pressures were negative. Fiscal stress, environmental regulation, public service facilities, and land marketization showed no significant spatial spillover effects. The results of our study provide references for formulating low-carbon and efficient land-use policies, promoting high-quality development through the integration of urban and rural areas.

  • Utilization and Management of Natural Resources in the New Era
    XIE Xian-sheng, CHEN Shao-zhi, ZHAO Rong
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(10): 2504-2522. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231006

    Ecological product value realization is not only an important bridge for the transformation of the "Two Mountains", but also an effective tool for accelerating new urbanization and rural rejuvenation. It is important to clarify its practical logic to achieve the Chinese path to modernization and promote the construction of ecological civilization. Based on 87 typical cases in the field of natural resources, using the grounded theory method, this study analyzes the process of ecological product value realization according to the procedure of "Open coding-Axial coding-Selective coding". Finally, a general explanatory framework for it is constructed. The results show that the internal logic of the whole process of ecological product value realization is "Identifying the resource base-Synergizing multiple mechanisms-Producing comprehensive benefits". The identification of the resource base is to clarify the direction of development. The synergy of the preparation mechanism, implementation mechanism, and guarantee mechanism is the driving force to convert and enhance the value of ecological products. Ultimately, the organic unity of ecological co-governance, ecological co-prosperity, and ecological co-sharing is realized through the production of ecological benefits, economic benefits, and social benefits. The study is a useful attempt to explore the theory of ecological product value realization, which can provide a constructive reference for improving the mechanism and implementation path of regional ecological product value realization.

  • Interview with Experts on New Quality Productive Forces
    WANG Jin-wei, LU Lin, WANG Zhao-feng, WEI Min, SONG Rui, YANG Yong, BAI Kai, LIN Ming-shui, YU Hu, ZHU He
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(7): 1643-1663. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240709

    New quality productive forces are the core driver for building a modern tourism sector and also support the development of a strong tourism nation. In order to deeply understand the scientific connotation of new quality productive forces and clarify the theoretical logic and strategic path of new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of tourism industry, several experts on regional economic development, the digital economy, tourism management and geography were interviewed. The interviews were based on the logic of "problem orientation-innovative thinking-path mechanism", focusing on the background, opportunities and challenges, core meanings, drivers, and innovations empowering the high-quality development of tourism new quality productive forces. There were three main conclusions from this research. The first was the strategic opportunities and risks of promoting the high-quality development of tourism through new quality productive forces against a background of rapid and continuous technological change. New quality productive forces optimize resource allocation through scientific and technological innovation, and improve the production efficiency and growth quality of tourism. They also produce new tourism development models and forms of business, constantly generating momentum to drive high-quality economic and social improvements. Especially in rural tourism, the role of new quality productive forces is particularly significant. It promotes the gradual improvement of the rural tourism production network, enhances cooperation among rural tourism stakeholders, helps rural tourism participants evolve new production initiatives, and ultimately reinvigorates rural areas with increased prosperity. However, given globalization and rapid digitalization, innovation in tourism faces a series of challenges. In particular, the lack of systematic development of tourism software and hardware, risks of data security and privacy protection, resistance to change and innovation in traditional tourism, and the "growing pains" brought by the transformation to new technologies deserve attention. The development of new quality productive forces in future tourism must focus on technological innovation, find and prepare a quality tourism workforce, optimize and more closely integrate products and services with human talent, and significantly improve the total factor productivity of tourism. Second, the process of empowering the high-quality development of tourism must encompass technological innovation leading to industrial modernization. Innovation plays a leading role in new quality productive forces and is the core driver of the high-quality development of tourism. The new quality productive forces empowering this tourism development have several specific features. Technological innovation leads the modernization of the tourism sector and is a prerequisite for the high-quality development of tourism. Factor integration and supply-demand matching are the intrinsic requirements for the high-quality development of tourism. Other critical ingredients are digitization, greening and artificial intelligence. The significant improvement of total factor productivity must be the core goal for the high-quality development of tourism. Third, the guidance of national strategy is crucial to the progress and prospects for new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of tourism. New quality productive forces are receiving widespread emphasis since their inception and have become a core issue highly valued by the tourism sector in China. In the New Era, modern technology has become a key production factor in tourism. Additionally, the transformation and upgrading of tourism is dynamically advancing, growth is strengthening, and the ability of tourism to serve national economic and social-cultural strategies is becoming more noticeable. However, it should not be overlooked that high-quality tourism development is still faced with serious problems such as weak technological innovation capabilities, uneven regional development, inadequate circulation of factor resources, and insufficient human talent for tourism. To further enhance the beneficial impacts of new quality productive forces in stimulating the high-quality development of tourism, it is necessary to focus on deepening the reform of the system and operations in tourism, optimizing the creative allocation of tourism production factors, accelerating the development of a modern tourism sector, and improving the quality of professional tourism talent. These three recommendations will not only enhance the understanding and application of new quality productive forces to a certain extent, but also provide decision-making support for building China into a leading tourism nation in the world.

  • Interview with Experts
    SUN Jiu-xia, MING Qing-zhong, XU Chun-xiao, MA Xue-feng, YANG Yong, ZHU He, WANG Xin-rui, SUN Jiao-jiao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(2): 271-285. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230201

    Under the goal of common prosperity, how to achieve innovative rural development by utilizing rural tourism resources is an important topic of rural research in the new era. Eight scholars from the fields of geography, tourism, management, and other fields discussed the innovative development of rural tourism and the realization of common prosperity goals from different perspectives, including resources, participants, and mechanisms. Specifically: in terms of resource utilization, it is necessary to attach importance to the inheritance and utilization of rural intangible cultural heritage and empower the development of rural tourism resources with art, at the same time, solve rural problems through the development of digital economy. As for participation subjects, we should emphasize the importance of enterprises, and continue to improve the distribution mechanism between the enterprise and the rural community. In the innovative utilization of rural tourism resources, we should build a mechanism system related to both rural industry development and residents' well-being and pay more attention to the spatial value of rural tourism resources. On this basis, rural areas should continue to promote a new development model including tourism development, rural revitalization, urban-rural integration and common prosperity.

  • Regular Articles
    LANG Yu, WANG Gui-xia
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(1): 29-48. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240102

    Following the concept of system integrated development of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and sands" to revitalize the value of rural ecological resources is the key to promoting comprehensive rural revitalization in the New Era. On the basis of revealing the three-stage development connotation of "cultivation of ecological resource value, deepening of ecological resource capital, and realization of ecological resource value" that ecological resource value has gone through, this paper elaborates on the logical relationship between activation of ecological resource value and rural revitalization, and deeply analyzes the three-stage logical mechanism of ecological resource value activation promoting rural revitalization, and explores the typical regional models for promoting rural revitalization, as well as the regional and common practical difficulties that need to be overcome in the process of promoting rural revitalization. Based on the perspectives of logical development, regional difficulties, and common difficulties, a breakthrough path for the activation of ecological resources value to promote rural revitalization is proposed, providing scientific basis and theoretical guidance for revitalizing the value of ecological resources and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization.

  • ExpertWritings and Theoretical Thinking
    CAI Xiao-mei, SU Yang, WU Bi-hu, WANG Yi, YANG Rui, XU Wei-hua, MIN Qing-wen, ZHANG Hai-xia
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(4): 839-861. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230401

    The establishment of the nature protected area system based on national parks is seen as the important implementation of Xi Jinping's Thought on ecological civilization from the perspective of reform. From the perspective of homeland space governance, it is the core carrier of ecological construction and the primary position of maintaining its primary position in national ecological security. In order to achieve harmonious coexistence between man and nature in the nature protected area, it is necessary to achieve "the strictest protection" and "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", which is both ecological and civilized. In order to better understand and interpret the development of China's protected areas and the driving factors behind them in the context of ecological civilization construction, we invited seven well-known experts from ecological civilization and national park related fields to discuss the following aspects of the protected areas: ecological civilization construction, human-land relations, conflict and symbiotic transformation mechanism between man and nature, the governance system of the protected areas and the contribution of Chinese governance system to the construction of global ecological civilization, natural resource asset property rights system, daily management and supervision of the protected areas, ecological compensation and concession of the protected areas, and etc.

    The main conclusions are: (1) Only through establishing the ecological civilization system can local governments deal with the relationship between the protection and development of the protected areas, and the establishment of the national park system has made the fastest overall progress and is the most systematic part in the reform of the ecological civilization system. (2) To achieve the "strictest protection", the development of the protected areas is inseparable from the support of the concept of the human-land relations. It stresses on the importance of paying attention to the "land" of the nature protected area, as well as emphasize the significance of the functions and participation of people from the perspectives of "adapting measures to local conditions" and "authenticity of land lovers". (3) The institutional causes of human-nature conflict in the nature protected area mainly stem from the conflict of interests and structures between governments at different levels. (4) To resolve conflicts and achieve symbiosis between man and nature, it is necessary to optimize the governance system, especially adjust the responsibility and rights system of governments at all levels. Moreover, in order to achieve the goals of "ecological protection first" and "public welfare for all people", we should reconstruct the dimension of interests, and form a community of common interests. (5) It is necessary to coordinate and efficiently allocate the responsibilities and rights of different stakeholders under the unified management goals, and construct a co-governance pattern and pluralistic co-governance system of the nature protected area so as to handle various relationships of multiple subjects in the governance system of the nature protected area. (6) There are deep-seated contradictions between the logic of capital and ecology, between the protected areas and human settlements systems, between nature conservation goals and global execution. The institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and the cultural tradition of "man and heaven" formed by thousands of years of accumulation can contribute Chinese wisdom to the construction of global ecological civilization. (7) In view of the construction needs of the protected areas system and its positioning in the spatial planning, it is necessary to optimize the property rights system of natural resource assets, and explore the control system of the territorial space that is conducive to handling the relationship between protection and development. Before the reform of the national institutions, there was a problem of fragmented management ("Nine-Dragon Water Governing" in Chinese) in the protected areas. The daily comprehensive management and supervision and law enforcement of the protected areas have been carried out to realize the unification, standardization and orderliness of management and supervision after the institutional reform. (8) In order to achieve ecological protection goals, it is necessary to universally realize the transformation of "two mountain theory", especially under the market economy. The national concession system can be seen as a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation path and an effective way of green development, which requires the exploration of governmental franchise and brand franchising in active and diverse means.

  • Spatial Layout and Ecological Environment of Protected Areas
    WANG Xiao-qi, ZHAO Xue-yan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(4): 966-982. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230409

    National parks are the most important nature reserves, which have unique advantages in protecting the ecological environment, and promoting economic and social development. Quantitative analysis of the impact of human activities on key ecosystem services, and scientific assessment of the main existing problems can help national parks regulate their protection and utilization behavior and enhance their capacity for sustainable development. In this study, we used InVEST model and generalized additive model to explore the spatio-temporal patterns of human activities and key ecosystem services, including water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and habitat quality, and analyzed the impacts of human activities on ecosystem services in Qilian Mountain National Park. The results showed that: (1) The intensity of human activities in the study area gradually decreased from 2000 to 2019, the overall spatial distribution characteristics are high in the west and low in the east. (2) Soil conservation, carbon sequestration and habitat quality all showed an increasing trend, with a distribution pattern of low in the west and high in the east. However, the amount of water conservation increased first and then decreased, and there was obvious spatial heterogeneity, which changed significantly during the study period. (3) There was a negative correlation between human activities and habitat quality, carbon sequestration and soil conservation. The results indicate that the increase of human activity intensity will directly affect the provision of key ecosystem services in national parks. It is suggested that the future management of national parks and the formulation of related ecological protection policies should fully consider the impact of human activities. According to the intensity of human activities, targeted zoning management and control will be implemented to improve the effectiveness of protection.

  • Regular Articles
    ZHANG Yu-shuo, LIU Bo-yu, BI Xu, WANG Bin, SUI Ren-jing
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(5): 1300-1317. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230512

    As the coproducers and beneficiaries of ecosystem services, stakeholders play an important role in the supply, demand and decision-making of ecosystem services, and are crucial for exploring the social relevance and potential social effect of ecosystem services. It is important to evaluate ecosystem services from the perspective of stakeholder's perception, reveal the influencing factors, and balance the multiple ecological benefits of different stakeholders. Based on the theoretical framework and practical progress of ecosystem services at home and abroad, we summarized the concepts of stakeholder and perception, introduced the application of stakeholder's perception in ecosystem service research. Then, we analyzed the characteristics of identifying stakeholders, data acquirement and evaluation methods. Furthermore, we explained the influencing factors and mechanism of stakeholder's perception of ecosystem services. Under the guidance of the concept of social equity, decision-making participation and sustainable development of ecosystem services, we built a research framework taking stakeholders as core elements for the interaction and integration of social perception assessment, social effect analysis and policy-making application, and then effectively linked the natural ecosystem and human social system. In the future, we should focus on: (1) clarifying the diversified social needs and differences of ecosystem services, (2) deepening the role of multi-source big data in multi-scale ecosystem service perception assessment, (3) expanding the application of spatial analysis methods, and (4) revealing the influential mechanism of ecosystem service perception differences.

  • Utilization and Management of Natural Resources in the New Era
    ZHEN Feng, XI Guang-liang, ZHANG Shan-qi, QIN Xiao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(9): 2187-2200. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230901

    The rapid development of intelligent technology not only provides new technical means for the monitoring and regulation of urban man-land system, but also has a systematic impact on the element structure, coupling relationship and dynamic evolution of urban man-land system. It is imperative to explore the theory of building a man-land system for smart cities. Based on the interpretation of the connotation of the smart city man-land system, this paper discusses the theoretical basis of the smart city man-land system from the aspects of flow space, technology-man-land coupling and resilience system, and then puts forward the conceptual model of the smart city man-land system. On the one hand, we should explore the spatial scale changes of the interactions among human activities, elemental flows, and geographic environments, and further investigate into the cross-scale collaboration, tele-coupling, and feedback between activity systems and geographic environment systems regulated by intelligent technologies. On the other hand, we should pay attention to temporal elasticity, flexibility and fragmentation of the interactive coupling between residents' activities and urban geographical environment caused by the wide application of intelligent technology. Then it is necessary to carry out the monitoring, management and dynamic optimization with the smart city man-land system. Facing the future, the research on man-land system of smart cities needs to focus on the spatio-temporal coupling process of elements, elemental composition and impact mechanism, modeling methods and evaluation, comprehensive regulation and optimization path, etc. Finally, from the aspects of human behavior patterns and activity changes brought about by smart technology, spatial intelligence, virtual reality correlation, etc., the research prospect of theoretical exploration, analysis method innovation and sustainable regulation of smart city man-land system is proposed. All in all, based on the coupling of people, technology and urban space, we build the theoretical framework of smart city man-land system adapted to China's national conditions in consideration of the trend of high penetration and integration of China's new infrastructure and smart city services in production, living and governmental management. This framework could support the innovation of urban geography theory and method and the practical needs of "smart brain", digital twin city construction.

  • Innovative Resources Development: Theory and Pathway
    YANG Fu-duan, DOU Yin-di, YI Yun, LIU Xing-yue, LI Bo-hua, LIU Pei-lin
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(2): 357-374. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230206

    Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and is also a strategic goal that China needs to achieve in the middle of the 21st century. However, there are still many problems in the process of promoting common prosperity, especially in remote rural areas. Traditional villages are special rural regional units, but also a weak place to achieve the goal of common prosperity, so how to promote the realization of common prosperity in traditional villages has become an urgent scientific problem to be solved. Based on the kinetic principles of chemical catalytic reactions and urban catalysts, the catalytic mechanism of common prosperity of traditional villages driven by tourism is constructed based on the qualitative research methods such as participatory observation, in-depth interview and text analysis, and the catalytic practice path of common prosperity is explored by taking Banliang village in Hunan province as an example. The results of the study show that: (1) The tourism-driven traditional village human settlement environment system is regarded as the catalytic carrier, and the "factor injection -carrier adsorption -efficiency release" tourism-driven traditional village common prosperity dynamic mechanism is constructed. (2) The carrier of the human settlement environment system of Banliang village releases the natural ecological environment and the sustainable development of the tourism industry by adsorbing active elements, the fine layout of regional space and the multi-functional linkage of space, the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture, the leading role of administrative forces and the assistance of social cohesion, etc., so as to promote the ecological sustainability, economic development, cultural inheritance, social harmony and system improvement of Banliang village, thus gradually achieving the goal of common prosperity. The research has enriched the theoretical depth and basic logic of common prosperity, improved the development path of common prosperity of tourism-based traditional villages, and can provide reference for China to achieve the strategic goal of common prosperity of all people, which has certain theoretical and practical significance.

  • Regular Articles
    CHEN Xi, LIANG Song-bin
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(4): 842-857. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240406

    The mismatch between ecosystem service scale and human governance scale is one of the causes of ecosystem service degradation. Defining ecosystem service stakeholders is the first step to understand and solve this problem. This study introduces Bourdieu's practical theory perspective, proposes an analytical framework for the definition and identity change mechanism of ecosystem service stakeholders, and provides practical attempts and research ideas from the field of ecosystem services for the application and development of stakeholder theory. The research shows that stakeholders are important social attribute variables in the ecosystem service feedback mechanism, and exist in the hierarchical spatial structure, showing special attributes such as competitive dynamic balance and differential weight rank, and are benefit objects for achieving the goals of ecosystem service management. The evolution of stakeholder theory and the classification criteria of stakeholder types are helpful for the discussion of stakeholder definition of ecosystem services, but there are some differences in adaptation. The introduction of Bourdieu's practice theory, which embodies the unique research perspective of comprehensiveness, relationship, fuzziness, generation and reproduction, can provide an analytical framework composed of core concepts such as field, habitus and capital for the definition of ecosystem service stakeholders. It also provides a way to explain the mechanism of identity change. At the same time, in response to the development orientation and trend of the integration of regularist "value" and positivist "fact" of stakeholder theory, it expands its theoretical interpretation boundary and brings practical attempts in the field of ecosystem services. Based on this analysis framework, the paper proposes further research directions for institutional design from the political, economic, social and cultural fields, and tries to explore the establishment of an institutional system that starts from stakeholder definition to regulating the mismatch between ecosystem service scale and human governance scale.

  • Regular Articles
    QIU Jian-jian, LIU Yi-hua, CHEN Cheng-jing, HUANG Qing-yao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(3): 760-778. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230313

    In the New Era of 'Anthropocene', the conflict between the degradation of ecosystem and the increase of human needs has become increasingly intensified. To scientifically solve this issue, we need to realize the coordination between ecosystem services (ES) and human well-being (HWB) for modern sustainable development. Firstly, this article is well conducted on the premise of the 'from cascade to coupling' new turn of ES-HWB relationship research. Taking Guangzhou as a case study, it analyses the levels and spatial structures of ES and HWB in a micro-scale way through ES value (ESV) evaluation and HWB comprehensive assessment. Then, the coupling coordination degree model is used for clarifying the phases and spatial differentiation of ES-HWB coupling. With the construction of ES-HWB coupling theoretical framework on the paradigm of coupled human and natural systems, the driving factors and pathway differences of three typical ES-HWB coupling types are divergently explored, and the coupling problems are diagnosed. The results are as follows. (1) ESVs in Guangzhou are becoming severely weakened owing to the coercing effects from the assimilated promotion of HWB. The ES-HWB coupling performs poor coordination with notable spatial trade-offs. (2) Dominant by ES, the coupling is spatially diffuse with an uncoordinated state on account of the continuous spreading of low ESV areas. Significantly, the spatial imbalance between ES supply and HWB demand emerges. (3) By means of capital flows, land use changes, scale effect and benefit allocation, the ES-HWB coupling is divergent in different development phases and supply-demand matches. It mainly contains spatial scramble-oriented low uncoordinated, spatial weak correlated-oriented antagonistic and spatial synergies-oriented high coordinated coupling. Based on the coupling problems, it is a necessity to take both ecological civilization and high quality development as guidance for relieving human-nature conflict. In such regards, ecological spaces should get rigorously protected while the quality of urban spaces improved. Moreover, the integrated management of human and natural systems is also pivotal to weaken land trade-offs and spatial gambling. With the reinforcement of ES-HWB supply-demand coupling synergies, it is conducive for the emergence of coordination of the ES-HWB open complex giant system to achieve the harmony between human and nature.

  • Research on China's Tourism Resources in the New Era
    SUN Jiao-jiao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(2): 245-258. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240201

    High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist modernized country. The traditional research paradigm of tourism resources, which mainly focuses on the spatial inventory of existing resources and the economy, cannot meet the development of the tourism industry and national strategic needs in the New Era. It is urgent to clarify the new attributes, frameworks, and directions of tourism resources. Based on this, this study starts from the overall research pattern at home and abroad, analyzes the knowledge graph of tourism resource research based on CiteSpace 6.2.2, compares its research status and trend characteristics, and reveals theoretical needs. Furthermore, based on China's practices and trends, this research explores the model for the transformation of new attributes and categories of tourism resources. With the goal of high-quality development, starting from the new attributes of tourism resources, based on humanistic concepts, driven by technology and culture, and led by innovation and creativity, it explains the new changes in the expansion and research scope of tourism resources. It proposes a research framework for tourism resource innovation guided by high-quality development from the core layer, development layer, system layer (point, line to plane), explaining the innovation of tourism resource connotation, the innovation of tourism resource full chain concept, and the innovation of the "five in one" (it refers to the comprehensive development of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and ecological civilization construction) domain structure. It proposes a research matrix for the intersection and integration of "five in one" and "three levels" of tourism resources, and proposes research directions for the high-quality development of tourism resources from the micro, medium, and macro levels of the five dimensions of economy, politics, culture, society, and ecology. The research aims to promote tourism resource research to undertake the mission of the times, serve national strategies, and use resource research as a lever to promote high-quality development in the New Era.

  • Transformation Performance and Influence Mechanism
    ZHANG Wen-zhong, YU Jian-hui
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(1): 22-38. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230102

    This paper summarizes the policy evolution of sustainable development of resource-based cities (RBCs) in China over the past 20 years and analyzes the results of promoting sustainable development of RBCs. The main points of this paper are as follows: (1) The evolution path of sustainable development policy of RBCs in China in the study period basically follows the development logic of combining problem orientation and goal orientation, experiencing from "administrative intervention", "administrative guidance" to "comprehensive governance" changes. Generally speaking, the policy evolution can be roughly divided into three stages, namely, the stage of resolving difficulties, the stage of comprehensive promotion and the stage of high-quality development. (2) At present, China has formed a "four-in-one" policy framework for sustainable development of RBCs, which includes the transformation of resource-exhausted cities, innovative development of resource-rich cities, transformation and upgrading of independent industrial and mining areas, and comprehensive treatment of coal mining subsidence areas. (3) RBCs make full use of local advantages, and initially form some characteristic transformation development models. (4) In the New Era, RBCs are faced with severe challenges such as large carbon emission reduction tasks, weak economic growth, and bottlenecks hindering balanced and high-quality development in special areas. It is urgent to make all-out efforts to solve key problems and promote sustaibable development.

  • Regular Articles
    TAN Shu-hao, WANG Shuo, YE Zhuo-hui, ZHU Yong-mei, NI Kun-xiao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(11): 2841-2855. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231110

    Food security is the foundation of China. This paper uses the panel data of the national rural fixed observation points from 2017 to 2019, with the fixed effect model to analyze the impact of land transfer on the "non-grain" crop production. The study found that: (1) On the whole, land transfer did lead to the "non-grain" of agricultural land. (2) Land transfer has a differentiated impact on farmers with different farmland scales. Instead of promoting non-grain crops, land transferred to farm households with a farmland scale of less than 10 mu tend to promote grain crops; land transfer does not show significance on the crop production decisions of households with land operating scale between 10-20 mu; while land transferred to households with scale above 20 mu are more inclined to planting "non-grain" crops. Accordingly, this paper suggests that: (1) In order to save the cost of supervision and management, the government can focus on the supervision of medium-sized and above entities, so as to improve the efficiency of the supervision of "non-grain" of agricultural land. (2) For small-scale farmers, the government does not need to intervene too much at present, but should improve the land transfer market and reduce the transaction cost of land transfer subjects by solving the problems of opaque information, high information acquisition cost and high rent in land transfer.

  • Original article
    GAO Yan, LING Wei, SHENG Chun-ling, DENG Yi, LI Xiang-mei
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(10): 2294-2309. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241003

    The large-scale construction of national parks poses a huge challenge to the demand for ecological compensation funds. Financial compensation is not only a drop in the bucket, but also difficult to solve the rigid dilemma of insufficient and mismatched compensation. This study uses carbon trading as a tool to solve the ecological compensation problem in national parks, and outlines three channels: international, domestic, and third-party independent voluntary emission reduction mechanisms that develop ecological carbon sinks into voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reductions to benefit the carbon market. Among them, China Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) is the main channel for realizing the ecological carbon sink value of national parks in the future. Then, the study analyzed three key issues: limited market supply, difficulty in effective trading, and unclear profit distribution models for national parks to obtain sufficient and precise ecological compensation through CCER market. In the design of ecological carbon sink compensation mechanism based on carbon trading, a screening mechanism is proposed to ensure the maximum profit potential of ecological carbon sink projects under the principle of balancing economic and social ecological benefits after the methodological barriers are cleared. An effective trading mechanism is established by offsetting ratios, offsetting in other regions, and government protection settings to promote transactions and effectively distinguish the boundary between government and market compensation. In order to avoid operational risks, a precise compensation mechanism is introduced by establishing a PPP model of third-party professional carbon sink development enterprises for ecological carbon sink project, and income distribution is based on the contributions of relevant carbon sink supply entities. Finally, the study provides relevant policy recommendations for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, which is in charge of national parks, and Ministry of Ecology and Environment, which is in charge of carbon markets in China. The research results are expected to provide reference and inspiration for establishing market-oriented ecological compensation mechanisms in all nature reserves and other ecological spaces, including national parks.

  • Utilization and Management of Natural Resources in the New Era
    GU Tian-wei, PENG Jian, JIANG Hong, HE Can-fei
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(10): 2464-2474. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231003

    Territorial ecological restoration highly emphasizes ecosystem integrity. For watersheds, complete natural geographical units, territorial ecological restoration will play an important role in the construction of ecological civilization in the new era. According to the context of "one core-two dimensions-three connections", the theoretical cognition of watershed-based territorial ecological restoration is deepened. Among them, "one core" refers to "water" as the core element of watershed ecological protection and restoration. "Two dimensions" includes two scales of time and space, among which temporal scale focuses on the balance in the short term and long term, and the dynamic adaptation, while the spatial scale emphasizes regional integration and inter-regional cooperation. "Three connections", proposed from the perspective of "social-ecological systems", refers to the coordination of ecological functions and human well-being, the coordination of natural boundaries and administrative boundaries, and the coordination of natural restoration and artificial restoration. Combined with the systematic cognition of watershed-based territorial ecological restoration, four key points of watershed ecological restoration planning are proposed, including quantitative characterization of the relationship between human and water, clarity on connection between spatial and temporal scales, implement governance by zoning and classification, and strengthening of planning sustainability by nature-based solutions. The research results can provide scientific support for the construction of sustainable pattern of watershed territorial development and protection.

  • Governance of Protected Areas
    MA Si-jing, ZHANG Jia-rong, ZHANG Yu-jun, ZHANG Yin
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(4): 1089-1103. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230417

    Chinese national park communities are normally highly dependent on environmental resources, while national park resource protection policies restrict community resource use, leading to a long-term conflict between national park management and community development. Adaptive management theory is employed in this paper to reduce the conflict between conservation and development and improve the social-ecosystem resilience of national park communities. Based on the "Pressure-State-Response" model, the grounded theory method is adopted to forward the adaptive collaborative governance framework of national park communities with semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with the stakeholders of Sanjiangyuan National Park. The results show that as a dynamic social-ecological system, the adaptive factors of national park communities include social, economic, ecological and institutional ones, with the adaptive subjects divided into individual and community. It is believed that the core of adaptive governance lies in the autonomy of the whole process of community participation and the synergy of multiple subjects, emphasizing the participation of multiple subjects and the integration of overall interests. To address the problems of sectoral-or-regional oriented interest, single source of compensation, insufficient funds and low level of community participation, this paper proposes an adaptive and collaborative governance path to promote the development of national park communities by improving the collaborative and interactive governance mechanism, guiding social capital investment and social security, and promoting the endogenous development capacity of communities, in the hope to enhance the social-ecological system resilience of Sanjiangyuan National Park and promote the coordinated development of national park communities.

  • Utilization and Management of Natural Resources in the New Era
    SUN Jing-wen, LU Yu-qi
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(9): 2201-2216. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230902

    Urban-rural integration development is a comprehensive process of reshaping the spatial system and functional value of urban-rural regional system. Comprehensive land consolidation can optimally coordinate the human-environment relationship, and effectively crack the main contradictions and problems of unbalanced urban-rural development and inadequate rural development. The paper analyzes the current realistic problems of the circulation of urban-rural development factors, the connection of urban-rural spatial structures and the integration of urban-rural functions, and explores the theoretical logic of comprehensive land consolidation to effectively promote balanced urban-rural factor allocation, urban-rural spatial structure adjustment and urban-rural functional value unification from the perspective of "human, land, industry and rights" factor synergy. The empirical analysis of Zhejiang province using the geo-detector model further reveals the mechanism by which comprehensive land consolidation effectively drives urban-rural integration development through the interaction of multiple factors. Based on this, the optimization path of consolidation oriented to urban-rural integration is explored from three dimensions: market allocation of land elements, spatial reshaping of modern industrial development, and value sharing of multi-subject participation. The study provides theoretical references for deepening the scientific cognition of new urban-rural relationship and human-environment system, promoting the practice of comprehensive land consolidation, and urban-rural integration decisions.

  • Innovations of Theory and Practice in Heritage Sites Protection and Inheritance for the New Era
    YANG Li-guo, HU Ya-li, WU Xu-feng, HU Jia
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(5): 1164-1177. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230504

    Traditional villages are an important field for the inheritance and protection of Chinese traditional culture. As the core carrier for the continuation of local cultural lineage and the presentation of regional characteristics, cultural landscape genes are continuously produced in the process of socio-economic development and cultural renewal. Taking the Dong minority chorus of Huangdu village as an example, this paper adopts the qualitative research method of participatory observation and in-depth interview, and constructs an analytical framework of "landscape gene-space production" to study the process and mechanism of traditional village cultural landscape gene production. The research shows that: (1) The production of the Dong minority chorus in Huangdu village can be divided into three stages: "prototype generation", "structural reorganization" and "meaning restoration". The cultural landscape gene shows a process of change from following the perception of original values to fulfilling the transformation of tourism consumption and finally conforming to cultural identity. (2) The production of cultural landscape gene presents the structural mechanism of "shell-intermediary-core", the capital circulation of government and market in time and space scales promotes representations of space as the shell, the power behavior of elite groups in daily life supports representational spaces as an intermediary, and local villagers, as the main body of the village, carry the core of production to realize the expression of cultural authentic practice. (3) Capital goes through resource capitalization, capital spatialization and space capitalization in production to realize its triple cycle; power under the influence of elite groups, completes the construction of behavior logic through discourse representation, skill discipline and identity; villagers focus more on the practical expression of endogenous actions, from simple participation under intergenerational inheritance to resistance and protest under tourism consumption, and finally play a cooperative role under the call for heritage conservation.

  • Utilization and Management of Natural Resources in the New Era
    SUN Jiu-wen, CUI Ya-qi, ZHANG Hao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2022, 37(7): 1673-1690. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20220702

    By studying the strategic background of the Yellow River Basin and the development plan of urban agglomerations in the basin, this paper constructs an index system for evaluating ecological protection and economic development that can be applied to a comparative study of urban agglomerations. Based on the index system, this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving mechanism of the coupling coordination between ecological protection and economic development of seven major urban agglomerations in the basin from 2007 to 2019 by using the coupling coordination degree model, spatial autocorrelation and geographic detectors. The results show that: (1) During the study period, the economic development level of the seven major urban agglomerations has been greatly improved, the progress of ecological protection construction is relatively slow, and the coupling degree between them rises in a fluctuating manner. (2) The eco-economic coordination degree of the urban agglomerations in the upper reaches is lower than that of the middle and lower reaches, and the overall coordination degree is improved to a higher level compared with that of the development mode which was significantly unbalanced in the past. (3) Urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin have experienced a transformation from economic development lag to ecological protection lag. (4) The coordination degree between ecological protection and economic development of each urban agglomeration has correlation effect. (5) The coupling mechanism is closely related to people's livelihood development and opening-up, technological innovation and industrial expansion, green development and agricultural construction, basic public service system and so on.

  • Property Right System of Natural Resources Asset in the New Era: Reform and Practice
    ZHONG Peng-yu, YUE Wen-ze
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(7): 1667-1681. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20230701

    The establishment of natural resource asset reserve institution is the core grip to realize the unified planning, storage, supply, development and protection of natural resource assets, which is the important creation of the natural resource management institution with Chinese characteristics. Based on Marxist reserve theory, the logic and practical path of natural resource asset reserve institution are explored from the perspective of capital circulation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The reserve of natural resource assets occurs during the 'stagnant' phase of different capital forms replacement, and it is a key intermediary for promoting the capitalization of natural resources. Its core connotations include public goods characteristics, government leadership, and value appreciation. (2) The reserve institution covers three basic steps of reserving, managing, and supplying, the core logic of which lies in achieving sustainable accumulation and circulation of capital, with clear property rights, holistic governance, and value realization as the main tasks. (3) The establishment of natural resource asset reserve institution has five key steps in practice, including planning-led approach, centralized storage, systematic governance, efficient allocation, and coordinated funding. In the future, the institution should be gradually advanced through pilot programs to further enhance its framework.