JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 153-167.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190113
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Bing-xiong FAN1(), Wei SHUI1,2(
), Hai-feng YANG2, Ya-nan WANG1, Yong DU2, Xin-hua QI3, Xiao-hong ZHANG4, Xiao-mei JIAN1, Ping-ping GUO1
Received:
2018-06-12
Revised:
2018-10-20
Online:
2019-01-20
Published:
2019-01-20
Bing-xiong FAN, Wei SHUI, Hai-feng YANG, Ya-nan WANG, Yong DU, Xin-hua QI, Xiao-hong ZHANG, Xiao-mei JIAN, Ping-ping GUO. Evaluation on natural capital loss in Southern Fujian Urban Agglomeration[J].JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(1): 153-167.
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Table 1
The formula of renewable resource emergy accounting and the explanation of related parameters"
可更新能流 | 能量方程式 | 参数说明 | 参数处理 |
---|---|---|---|
太阳辐射能 | Ts为光照时间(秒);S为太阳辐照度(1360.8 W/m2);α为太阳反照率;TR为太阳辐射能值转换率(1seJ/J)[ | (1)光照时间:克里金插值得到 (2)太阳反照率:土地利用数据重分类得到 | |
地热能 | A为面积(m2);Te为年平均地表温度(℃);Ts为地 | Engeo:中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第二、三、四版)[ | |
风能 | ρ为空气密度(1.3 kg/m3);CD为阻力系数;V为风速;t为刮风时间;TR为风能能值转化率(1578 seJ/J)[ | (1)CD:基于不同地表类型分别取值为0.01、0.02、0.03 (2)风速:克里金插值得到 | |
降雨化学能 | ET为土壤水分蒸发量(m/a-1);P为降雨量(mm/a-1);L为300+25T2+0.05T3 (T为年平均温度);ρ为水密度(1000 kg/m-3);G为吉布斯自由能值;TR为能值转换率(6360 seJ/J)[ | (1)降雨量:克里金插值得到 (2)气温:克里金插值得到 | |
降雨位势能 | ρ为水密度(1000 kg/m-3);R为径流量;g为重力加速度;h为海拔;TR为降水重力势能能值转换率(10909 seJ/J)[ | 径流量(R)及海拔高度(h):基于DEM在ArcGIS通过空间分析模块进行提取 | |
潮汐能① | A为大陆架及海面100 m内面积;ρ为海水密度(1.025E+06 g/m3);Ft为每年发生潮汐次数(730次);h为平均潮汐高差;g为重力加速度(9.8 m/s2);Tr为潮汐能能值转化率(1.68E+04 seJ/J)[ | 由于数据格式与制图难度等问题,研究对潮汐能仅进行能值核算 | |
可更新能值 | Es为太阳辐射能量;Egeo为地热能能值; Ew为风能能值;Erc为降雨化学能能值;Erg为降雨位势能能值;Et为潮汐能能值 | 降雨化学能、位势能与潮汐能能值进行叠加,然后利用最大合成法(MVC)得到可更新能值图 |
Table 2
The statistical results of renewable resources emergy and NPP in Southern Fujian Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2015"
年份 | Avg | Min | Max | SD | Sum(seJ/a) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | R(seJ/hm2/a) | 1.22E+16 | 1.92E+15 | 3.81E+16 | 6.13E+15 | 4.03E+21 |
NPP(gC/hm2/a) | 9.58E+05 | 0 | 2.19E+06 | 5.15E+05 | 2.35E+11 | |
2005 | R(seJ/hm2/a) | 8.73E+15 | 8.64E+14 | 2.54E+16 | 4.49E+15 | 3.33E+21 |
NPP(gC/hm2/a) | 9.08E+05 | 0 | 1.92E+06 | 4.44E+05 | 2.23E+11 | |
2010 | R(seJ/hm2/a) | 8.54E+15 | 1.52E+15 | 2.72E+16 | 2.96E+15 | 3.52E+21 |
NPP(gC/hm2/a) | 9.20E+05 | 0 | 1.99E+06 | 4.82E+05 | 2.26E+11 | |
2015 | R(seJ/hm2/a) | 8.91E+15 | 1.08E+15 | 2.58E+16 | 2.48E+15 | 4.72E+21 |
NPP(gC/hm2/a) | 1.09E+06 | 0 | 2.07E+06 | 5.42E+05 | 2.67E+11 |
Table 3
The proportion of urban land in different environmental quality levels from 2000 to 2015"
年份 | 环境质量 等级 | 面积 /104 hm2 | 城镇用地 /104 hm2 | 城镇用地 占比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 1 | 55.31 | 6.83 | 12.34 |
2 | 56.53 | 1.06 | 1.87 | |
3 | 44.37 | 0.02 | 0.05 | |
4 | 22.86 | 0 | 0 | |
2005 | 1 | 52.05 | 13.45 | 24.47 |
2 | 60.03 | 2.05 | 3.41 | |
3 | 52.44 | 1.16 | 2.21 | |
4 | 25.55 | 0 | 0 | |
2010 | 1 | 51.22 | 15.88 | 30.68 |
2 | 41.54 | 1.35 | 2.41 | |
3 | 41.43 | 1.62 | 3.91 | |
4 | 24.44 | 0.66 | 2.72 | |
2015 | 1 | 58.09 | 18.59 | 32.31 |
2 | 56.16 | 2.97 | 5.28 | |
3 | 50.94 | 1.79 | 3.51 | |
4 | 27.88 | 3.06 | 10.63 |
Table 4
The natural capital loss in the process of urbanization from 2000 to 2015"
年份 | 项目 | 农业用地转城市用地 | 自然用地转城市用地 | 总计 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2000-2005 | 损失面积/hm2 | 1.11E+04 | 2.00E+02 | 1.13E+04 |
植物生物量损失/seJ | 2.77E+21 | 8.58E+20 | 3.63E+21 | |
有机碳损失/seJ | 1.25E+21 | 4.49E+19 | 1.29E+21 | |
自然资本损失/seJ | 4.01E+21 | 9.03E+20 | 4.92E+21 | |
2005-2010 | 损失面积/hm2 | 3.60E+03 | 1.00E+03 | 4.60E+03 |
植物生物量损失/seJ | 8.99E+20 | 4.14E+21 | 5.04E+21 | |
有机碳损失/seJ | 4.04E+20 | 2.24E+20 | 6.28E+20 | |
自然资本损失/seJ | 1.30E+21 | 4.36E+21 | 5.66E+21 | |
2010-2015 | 损失面积/hm2 | 1.60E+03 | 4.00E+02 | 2.00E+03 |
植物生物量损失/seJ | 3.99E+20 | 1.46E+21 | 1.86E+21 | |
有机碳损失/seJ | 1.79E+20 | 8.97E+19 | 2.69E+20 | |
自然资本损失/seJ | 5.79E+20 | 1.55E+21 | 2.13E+21 | |
注: | ||||
自然用地转化为城市用地(2010-2015年) | ||||
1、植物生物量损失 | ||||
自然用地损失面积 | 4.00E+02 | hm2 | ||
每公顷自然用地生物量 | 446.4 | t/hm2 | IPCC[ | |
自然用地转化损失的生物总量 | 1.79E+05 | t | ||
UEV(R/NPP)[ | 8.17E+09 | seJ/g | ||
Emergy | 1.46E+21 | seJ | ||
2、有机碳损失 | ||||
自然用地损失面积4.00E+02 | 4.00E+02 | hm2 | ||
每公顷自然用地有机碳 | 3.6 | Kg/m2 | IPCC[ | |
自然用地转化损失的有机碳 | 1.44E+10 | g | ||
UEV | 6.23E+09 | seJ/g | Odum[ | |
Emergy | 8.97E+19 | seJ | ||
农业用地转化为城市用地(2010-2015年) | ||||
1、植物生物量损失 | ||||
农业用地损失面积 | 1.60E+03 | hm2 | ||
每公顷农业用地生物量 | 148.8 | t/hm2 | IPCC[ | |
农业用地转化损失的生物总量 | 2.38E+05 | t | ||
UEV | 1.68E+09 | seJ/g | Jiang[ | |
Emergy | 3.99E+20 | seJ | ||
2、有机碳损失 | ||||
农业用地损失面积 | 1.60E+03 | hm2 | ||
每公顷农业用地有机碳 | 1.8 | kg/m2 | IPCC[ | |
农业用地转化损失的有机碳 | 2.88E+10 | g | ||
UEV | 6.23E+09 | seJ/g | Odum[ | |
Emergy | 1.79E+20 | seJ |
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