自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2596-2612.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20201104

• 能源地缘政治与能源安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

中美能源权力的空间领域与均势区演化

刘承良1,2,3,4(), 王杰4, 杜德斌1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1.华东师范大学全球创新与发展研究院,上海 200062
    2.华东师范大学世界地理与地缘战略研究中心, 上海 200062
    3.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州）,广州 511458
    4.华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,上海 200241
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-15 修回日期:2020-07-20 出版日期:2020-11-28 发布日期:2021-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 杜德斌 E-mail:chenglianglew@163.com;dbdu@re.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘承良（1979- ）,男,湖北武汉人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事世界经济地理研究。E-mail: chenglianglew@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0601)

Spatical dynamics of the territories and balance areas of energy power between the US and China

LIU Cheng-liang1,2,3,4(), WANG Jie4, DU De-bin1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1. Institute for Global Innovation and Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
    2. Institute for Geopolitics and Strategic Geography, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
    3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
    4. School of Human Geography, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2020-01-15 Revised:2020-07-20 Online:2020-11-28 Published:2021-01-28
  • Contact: De-bin DU E-mail:chenglianglew@163.com;dbdu@re.ecnu.edu.cn

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摘要：

随着美国“页岩气革命”取得重大突破,当前世界能源贸易版图和政治经济格局加速重塑,美国成为新的传统能源权力领导者,中国和平崛起下的能源安全问题愈发严峻。基于相互依赖理论和均势理论,构建了能源权力空间理论框架和能源权力静态模型,刻画出 2003—2018年间中美能源权力的空间范围及均势区变化：（1）随着国际能源权力体系和能源贸易网络的发展演变,中国和美国的能源权力空间发生巨大变化。（2）中美煤权力和天然气权力空间基本形成较为稳定的区域组团,中国原油权力空间保持强劲的全球扩展趋势,而美国原油权力空间面临转型重构。（3）中美能源权力的空间均势区不断碎片化成点状镶嵌,相对集中于欧洲大部、非洲南部和东亚,形成资源禀赋型、资源消费型、地缘通道型、政经倾向分离型、“第三国”控制型等五种类型。（4）中国对五种类型国家的能源合作政策宜因地制宜,有所侧重。通过政治和经济双重利益吸引资源禀赋型国家,与资源市场型国家加强能源技术合作,确保地缘通道型国家安全畅通,对政经倾向分离型国家加强经济合作以影响外交政治,合理安排与“第三国”主导型国家的能源合作。结论可为中国应对全球能源转型和能源格局重塑的复杂性变局,加强对外能源贸易合作与要素资源投放,确保国家能源安全提供理论和政策借鉴。

关键词: 能源权力, 能源安全, 空间领域, 均势区, 中国, 美国

Abstract:

To date, there are two significant issues including the "shale gas revolution" in the US and the rise of China, which have restructured greatly the distribution and hierarchies of international energy power system. On the basis of two theories of power interdependence and balance in international politics and geopolitics, this paper constructs the theoretical framework and models of energy power, and portrays spatial dynamics of energy power territories and balance areas between the US and China. Results are obtained as follows: First of all, with the rapid evolution of international energy power system and energy trade network, the energy power space of China and the United States has undergone tremendous changes. Secondly, the coal power and natural gas power spaces between China and the United States have basically formed relatively stable regional groups. China's crude oil power space maintains a strong global expansion trend, while the US crude oil power space faces transformation and reconstruction. Thirdly, the balance areas of energy power between China and the United States are constantly fragmented and relatively concentrated in most parts of Europe, Southern Africa and East Asia. According to the characteristics of energy resources and geopolitics, they are divided into five types, namely, the resource endowment type, the resource consumption type, the geographical channel type, the political and economic separation type, and the third-country controling type. Finally, focusing on these types, we suggest some policies. It is necessary to enlarge energy trades and investments with resource endowment countries, to strengthen energy technology cooperation with resource market-oriented countries, to ensure the security and fluent flows of energy transport channels, to strengthen economic cooperation with the political-economic separation countries to influence their diplomatic policies, and to reasonably arrange energy cooperation with the third-country controlling countries. These conclusions are expected to play a guiding role in China's energy trade cooperation, which is of great significance to this country's energy security.

Key words: energy power, energy security, spatial territorities, balance areas, China, the US