自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 295-303.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.02.011

• 资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国流域水资源综合开发

张雷1, 鲁春霞1, 吴映梅2, 李江苏1,3, 黄园淅1,3, 程晓凌1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室, 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京100101;
    2. 云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院, 昆明650092;
    3. 中国科学院大学, 北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2013-04-21 修回日期:2013-08-26 出版日期:2014-02-20 发布日期:2014-02-18
  • 作者简介:张雷（1951-），理学博士，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为资源环境开发与区域发展。E-mail：zhangl@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    环保部环保公益性项目“水利工程的生态效应与生态调度”（200909057）；国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国现代化进程的能源保障时空协调问题研究”（41071351，41371486）。

An Overall Development of Water Resources for China’s Rivers

ZHANG Lei1, LU Chun-xia1, WU Ying-mei2, LI Jiang-su1,3, HUANG Yuan-xi1,3, CHENG Xiao-ling1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. Department of Tourism and Geographical Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China;
    3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2013-04-21 Revised:2013-08-26 Online:2014-02-20 Published:2014-02-18
  • About author:2

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摘要：

流域是地球陆地表层生态系统最为发达的地域组成单元。作为流域生态系统发育的关键要素，水资源的开发利用决定着包括人文系统在内的整个流域生态系统发育的基本走向和命运。中国是世界上流域水资源开发利用最早的国家之一，目前的综合开发利用程度已经达到较高的水准，且在建的水电大坝工程有数十座。2008 年中国流域水资源综合开发强度已经达到了25.9%，高出全球同期平均水平9 个多百分点。其中淮河、海河和黄河三大流域的开发强度值为最高，水资源的可持续开发能力已荡然无存。受流域水资源结构、需求变化、资源开发环境以及全球气候变暖等因素的共同影响，未来中国流域水资源的综合开发强度应保持在35%左右为宜，其中水资源的开发强度大体可在25%，水电资源的开发强度大体可在50%。

关键词: 水资源, 开发利用, 开发强度, 中国, 流域

Abstract:

River valley is the home of the most advanced ecosystem on the earth. As a key factor of valley ecosystem, development of water resource dominants the growth of whole valley ecosystem. China is one of the earliest countries in the world to harness the valley water resources to breed its civilization, and the country is now boasting for great achievements in an overall development of valley water when tens of big dams are under construction. In 2008, for example, the overall used rate of China's water resources reached 25.9%, while that of the world's average registered only 16.9%. The three valleys of the Huaihe River, the Haihe River and the Yellow River stood at the top with their overall used rates of 67.2%, 66.1% and 61.9%, respectively. Most rivers in the three valleys no longer reach the sea for several months each year. In fact, China is now facing an unexpected challenge when a rapid growth of its socio-economy is thirsty for a diversified water supply, from the industrials such as agriculture, manufacture, power generation to civil departments in both urban and rural areas. More importantly, the general feature of China's water resource structure, divided commonly by the two used-purposes of survival and prosper, is apt for the development of hydro-power generation rather than other uses, compared with other countries. Considering the combined impact of water resource structure, a changeable pattern of water usages and regional development disparities in general, and the global climate change in particular, China could set a target for its overall development of water resources not more than 35% of the national total. Under which, the capacity for water withdrawn would maintain at around 25% of its total resources, and the capacity for hydropower generation would be harnessed by about 50% of its total economically exploitable.

Key words: river valley, China, water usage, water resource, overall development

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