传统村落文化景观基因生产的过程与机制——以皇都村为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20230504

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统村落是中国传统文化传承和保护的重要场域，文化景观基因作为地方文脉延续和区域特色呈现的核心载体，在社会经济发展和文化更新过程中不断得到生产。以皇都村侗族大歌为例，采取参与式观察和深度访谈的质性研究方法，通过构建“景观基因—空间生产”的分析框架开展传统村落文化景观基因生产的过程与机制研究。研究发现：（1）皇都村侗族大歌的生产可分为原型生成、结构重组和意义修复三个阶段，文化景观基因呈现出从遵循原真价值认知到满足旅游消费转型，最后顺应文化身份认同的变化过程。（2）文化景观基因生产呈现出“外壳—中介—内核”的结构机制，政府和市场在时空尺度的资本循环作为外壳推动空间表征，精英群体在日常生活中的权力行为作为中介支撑表征空间，本地村民作为村落主体承载着生产的内核实现文化原真实践的表达。（3）资本在生产中通过资源资本化、资本空间化和空间资本化，实现其三重循环；权力在精英群体作用下，通过话语表征、技能规训和身份认同完成行为逻辑的建构；村民主体通过内生行动的实践表达，从最初代际传承下的简单参与到旅游消费下的抵制抗议，最终在遗产保护号召下发挥协作作用。

关键词: 传统村落, 文化景观基因, 侗族大歌, 空间生产, 过程与机制

Abstract:

Traditional villages are an important field for the inheritance and protection of Chinese traditional culture. As the core carrier for the continuation of local cultural lineage and the presentation of regional characteristics, cultural landscape genes are continuously produced in the process of socio-economic development and cultural renewal. Taking the Dong minority chorus of Huangdu village as an example, this paper adopts the qualitative research method of participatory observation and in-depth interview, and constructs an analytical framework of "landscape gene-space production" to study the process and mechanism of traditional village cultural landscape gene production. The research shows that: (1) The production of the Dong minority chorus in Huangdu village can be divided into three stages: "prototype generation", "structural reorganization" and "meaning restoration". The cultural landscape gene shows a process of change from following the perception of original values to fulfilling the transformation of tourism consumption and finally conforming to cultural identity. (2) The production of cultural landscape gene presents the structural mechanism of "shell-intermediary-core", the capital circulation of government and market in time and space scales promotes representations of space as the shell, the power behavior of elite groups in daily life supports representational spaces as an intermediary, and local villagers, as the main body of the village, carry the core of production to realize the expression of cultural authentic practice. (3) Capital goes through resource capitalization, capital spatialization and space capitalization in production to realize its triple cycle; power under the influence of elite groups, completes the construction of behavior logic through discourse representation, skill discipline and identity; villagers focus more on the practical expression of endogenous actions, from simple participation under intergenerational inheritance to resistance and protest under tourism consumption, and finally play a cooperative role under the call for heritage conservation.

Key words: traditional villages, cultural landscape gene, Dong minority chorus, space production, process and mechanism

杨立国, 胡雅丽, 吴旭峰, 胡佳. 传统村落文化景观基因生产的过程与机制——以皇都村为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2023, 38(5): 1164-1177.

YANG Li-guo, HU Ya-li, WU Xu-feng, HU Jia. Cultural landscape gene production process and mechanism of Dong traditional village: A case study of Huangdu village[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2023, 38(5): 1164-1177.

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编号	性别	年龄/岁	身份	编号	性别	年龄/岁	身份
M01	男	48	政府人员	F17	女	50	侗歌传承人
M02	男	56	政府人员	M18	男	86	侗戏传承人
F03	女	42	政府人员	M19	男	60	普通村民
F04	女	38	政府人员	M20	男	30	普通村民
M05	男	45	政府人员	M21	男	49	普通村民
F06	女	38	旅游公司负责人	M22	男	42	普通村民
F07	女	35	旅游公司成员	F23	女	62	普通村民
F08	女	26	旅游公司成员	F24	女	50	普通村民
F09	女	30	旅游公司成员	F25	女	68	普通村民
M10	男	32	旅游公司成员	F26	女	55	普通村民
M11	男	52	艺术团团长	M27	男	27	游客
M12	男	43	演员	M28	男	62	游客
M13	男	30	演员	M29	男	35	游客
F14	女	28	演员	F30	女	55	游客
F15	女	38	演员	F31	女	50	游客
F16	女	32	演员	F32	女	19	游客

阶段	生产主体	生产路径	生产目的	主要特征
原型生成	寨老、歌师、鬼师、村民	自下而上	促进族群的日常交流，实现民族精神构建	侗族大歌的原真价值认知
结构重组	地方政府、旅游公司	自上而下	利用侗族大歌发展旅游业，增加经济收益	侗族大歌的旅游消费转型
意义修复	政府、旅游公司、文化精英	上下结合	保护和传承村落文化，促进其可持续发展	侗族大歌的文化身份认同