文化遗产地旅游社区居民遗产责任行为的形成机制——基于模糊集定性比较分析

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20230502

自然资源学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 1135-1149.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20230502

• “新时期遗产地保护传承的理论与实践创新”专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

文化遗产地旅游社区居民遗产责任行为的形成机制——基于模糊集定性比较分析

巨英英¹(), 程励²^,³()

1.长治学院历史与旅游管理系，长治 046011
2.四川大学旅游学院，成都 610064
3.四川大学遗产跨学科国际联合实验室，成都 610064

收稿日期:2022-06-20 修回日期:2022-12-05 出版日期:2023-05-28 发布日期:2023-05-15
通讯作者: 程励（1970- ），男，四川雅安人，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为文化遗产开发与管理。E-mail: chengli@scu.edu.cn
作者简介:巨英英（1991- ），女，山西晋中人，硕士，讲师，研究方向为遗产旅游。E-mail: yingying_ju@163.com
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(21FGLB088-BG);四川大学“从0到1”创新研究项目(2021CXC15)

Formation mechanism of heritage responsibility behavior of residents in the tourism community of cultural heritage sites:Based on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

JU Ying-ying¹(), CHENG Li²^,³()

1. Department of History & Tourism Management, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi, China
2. Tourism School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
3. International Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Tourism & Heritage Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China

Received:2022-06-20 Revised:2022-12-05 Online:2023-05-28 Published:2023-05-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

居民是遗产的最终守护者，然而其遗产责任行为并未得到充分关注。构建以居民个体内部驱动和社会嵌入为条件变量，遗产责任行为为结果变量的理论模型，并采用模糊集定性比较分析方法对在平遥古城收集的问卷进行了实证分析。结果表明：居民遗产责任行为态度、地方依恋、关系嵌入、政治嵌入和文化嵌入是形成遗产责任行为的必要条件；共存在五种模式可驱动居民形成高水平遗产责任行为，形成机制具有多组态和系统特征；居民遗产责任行为的影响因素存在复杂性和交互性，主观规范、感知行为控制和结构嵌入在不同的路径中对遗产责任行为存在不同的影响。本文拓展了遗产责任行为的研究，且对文化遗产地政府和管理者开展遗产保护有重要的实践指导意义。

关键词: 居民, 遗产责任行为, 形成机制, 文化遗产

Abstract:

Tourism community residents are the ultimate guardians of heritage, but their heritage responsibility behavior has not been concerned. Based on the fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method, this paper constructed a complex causal model of residents' heritage responsibility behavior with internal driving factors and social embedding factors as dependent variables. This paper took the Pingyao ancient city community as an example and made an empirical analysis based on the questionnaire survey results. The results show that: (1) There are eight condition configurations that can promote the formation of residents' heritage responsibility behaviors, among which residents' heritage responsibility behavior attitude, place attachment, relational embeddedness, political embeddedness, and cultural embeddedness are the necessary conditions for the formation of heritage responsibility behaviors. The above variables have more substantial explanatory power for residents' heritage responsibility behaviors than other variables. (2) Five modes can drive residents to form high-level heritage responsibility behavior, and a single variable cannot achieve high-level heritage responsibility behavior. The formation mechanism is characterized by multiple configurations and systems. The original coverage of the core existence mode of behavioral attitude, place attachment, political embeddedness, and cultural embeddedness is the highest. The original coverage of the configuration with missing minor conditions is lower than that of the configuration without missing minor conditions. (3) The factors affecting residents' heritage responsibility behavior are complicated and interactive. The lack of a single factor is not the bottleneck to form heritage responsibility behavior. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and structure embeddedness in different paths have different effects on heritage responsibility behavior. When subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and structural embeddedness are insufficient, the implementation of heritage responsibility behavior can be improved by promoting residents' place attachment, political embeddedness and cultural embeddedness. Finally, this paper has important practical guiding significance to perform heritage protection for the government and managers of cultural heritage sites.

Key words: residents, heritage responsibility behavior, formation mechanism, cultural heritage

巨英英, 程励. 文化遗产地旅游社区居民遗产责任行为的形成机制——基于模糊集定性比较分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2023, 38(5): 1135-1149.

JU Ying-ying, CHENG Li. Formation mechanism of heritage responsibility behavior of residents in the tourism community of cultural heritage sites:Based on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2023, 38(5): 1135-1149.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

测量模型分析

测量项目	题项	标准化因子载荷	Cronbach's α	CR	AVE值
行为态度	保护古城是积极的行为	0.889	0.922	0.945	0.810
	保护平遥古城是有价值的行为	0.906
	保护平遥古城是有必要的	0.903
	保护平遥古城是有意义的	0.902
感知行为控制	可以决定自己是否采取行动保护平遥古城	0.856	0.882	0.919	0.739
	只要我愿意我可以保护平遥古城	0.869
	有资金、时间或机会保护平遥古城	0.877
	保护平遥古城很容易	0.836
地方依恋	与其他地方相比，感觉平遥更好	0.889	0.913	0.935	0.743
	在平遥最适合做喜欢的事	0.840
	平遥比其他地方更能获得满足感	0.856
	感觉平遥已成为生活的一部分	0.843
	平遥能让我感到自豪	0.879
主观规范	心中重要的人认为我应该保护平遥古城	0.882	0.840	0.903	0.757
	心中重要的人希望我保护平遥古城	0.831
	我重视的人希望我保护平遥古城	0.896
关系嵌入	与社区居民交流频繁	0.863	0.833	0.900	0.750
	相信平遥社区居民给我的承诺	0.840
	亲朋好友对我进行遗产保护会给予帮助	0.894
结构嵌入	在平遥古城认识很多人	0.915	0.794	0.907	0.829
结构嵌入	在社区中处于重要地位	0.907	0.794	0.907	0.829
政治嵌入	政府为保护平遥古城制定了很多政策	0.888	0.862	0.916	0.784
	政府执行了奖励、补贴等措施保护古城	0.877
	政府很重视对平遥古城的保护	0.891
文化嵌入	在当地，保护平遥古城是受到尊敬的	0.928	0.836	0.924	0.859
文化嵌入	本地有鼓励人们保护平遥古城的氛围	0.926	0.836	0.924	0.859
认知嵌入	有保护平遥古城的经历	0.902	0.888	0.930	0.817
	参加过保护平遥古城培训	0.886
	具备保护平遥古城的经验	0.922
遗产责任行为	欣赏并保护平遥古城	0.877	0.896	0.928	0.763
	告诉别人有关保护平遥古城的故事和知识	0.887
	主动学习与保护平遥古城有关的知识	0.861
	阻止某人破坏平遥古城	0.869

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

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	行为态度	感知行为控制	地方依恋	主观规范	关系嵌入	结构嵌入	政治嵌入	文化嵌入	认知嵌入	遗产责任行为
行为态度	[0.900]
感知行为控制	0.815	[0.860]
地方依恋	0.850	0.811	[0.862]
主观规范	0.319	0.314	0.298	[0.870]
关系嵌入	0.838	0.794	0.800	0.310	[0.866]
结构嵌入	0.675	0.806	0.691	0.257	0.699	[0.911]
政治嵌入	0.815	0.795	0.797	0.307	0.836	0.695	[0.885]
文化嵌入	0.763	0.777	0.782	0.251	0.859	0.679	0.821	[0.927]
认知嵌入	0.594	0.714	0.635	0.189	0.697	0.684	0.697	0.735	[0.904]
遗产责任行为	0.849	0.851	0.826	0.323	0.850	0.743	0.844	0.815	0.677	[0.873]

主观规范		遗产责任行为
主观规范		非常不同意	不同意	一般	比较同意	非常同意	总和
非常不同意	案例数/例百分比/%	4	4	1	[0]	[2]	11
非常不同意	案例数/例百分比/%	36.4	36.4	9.1	0	18.2	100.0
不同意	案例数/例百分比/%	3	19	15	[34]	[10]	81
不同意	案例数/例百分比/%	3.7	23.5	18.5	42.0	12.3	100.0
一般	案例数/例百分比/%	0	3	30	39	11	83
一般	案例数/例百分比/%	0	3.6	36.1	47.0	13.3	100.0
比较同意	案例数/例百分比/%	0	0	5	143	65	213
比较同意	案例数/例百分比/%	0	0	2.3	67.1	30.5	100.0
非常同意	案例数/例百分比/%	0	0	[1]	30	104	135
非常同意	案例数/例百分比/%	0	0	0.7	22.2	77.0	100.0
总和	案例数/例百分比/%	7	26	52	246	192	523
总和	案例数/例百分比/%	1.3	5.0	9.9	47.0	36.7	100.0

变量	一致性	覆盖率
行为态度	[0.971]	0.945
感知行为控制	0.890	0.977
地方依恋	[0.956]	0.948
主观规范	0.887	0.908
关系嵌入	[0.949]	0.960
结构嵌入	0.801	0.978
政治嵌入	[0.958]	0.958
文化嵌入	[0.933]	0.962
认知嵌入	0.871	0.967

模型M：f(行为态度，感知行为控制，地方依恋，主观规范，关系嵌入，结构嵌入，政治嵌入，文化嵌入，认知嵌入)
条件	组态1	组态2	组态3	组态4	组态5	组态6	组态7	组态8
行为态度	●	●	●	●	●			•
感知行为控制		⊗		•	•	⊗	⊗	•
地方依恋	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
主观规范	•		•	•	•	•	•
关系嵌入	•	•			•	•		•
结构嵌入			•	⊗	•		•	•
政治嵌入	●	●	●	●		●	●	•
文化嵌入	●	●			●	●	●	•
认知嵌入		⊗	⊗	•	•	•	•	•
一致性	0.992	0.997	0.996	0.997	0.998	0.995	0.994	0.997
原始覆盖度	0.805	0.263	0.667	0.230	0.661	0.211	0.201	0.667
唯一覆盖度	0.102	0.002	0.007	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.007
总体一致性：0.989
总体覆盖度：0.872

文化遗产地旅游社区居民遗产责任行为的形成机制——基于模糊集定性比较分析

Formation mechanism of heritage responsibility behavior of residents in the tourism community of cultural heritage sites:Based on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

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