皖江经济带土壤Cd空间分布特征与生态风险评价

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20211218

自然资源学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 3261-3270.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20211218

• 其他研究论文 • 上一篇

皖江经济带土壤Cd空间分布特征与生态风险评价

周葆华¹(), 胡睿鑫¹, 赵宽¹(), 万昕¹, 汪瑜¹, 梁玉辉², 汤金来²

1. 安庆师范大学资源环境学院,皖江流域水环境保护与污染控制安徽省教育厅重点实验室,安庆 246133
2. 安徽省地质调查院,合肥 230001

收稿日期:2020-08-16 修回日期:2020-11-25 出版日期:2021-12-28 发布日期:2022-02-28
通讯作者: 赵宽（1986- ）,男,安徽池州人,博士,副教授,研究方向为环境生态毒理学。E-mail: zhaokuan@aqnu.edu.cn
作者简介:周葆华（1963- ）,女,安徽安庆人,教授,研究方向为生态环境调查与风险评估。E-mail: 1979748551@qq.com
基金资助:
安徽省科技重大专项项目(17030701057);安徽省自然科学基金项目(1908085QD149);安徽省高等学校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2018A0374)

Spatial distribution characteristic of Cd in soils and its ecological risk assessment in the economic belt of Yangtze River in Anhui

ZHOU Bao-hua¹(), HU Rui-xin¹, ZHAO Kuan¹(), WAN Xin¹, WANG Yu¹, LIANG Yu-hui², TANG Jin-lai²

1. School of Resource and Environment, Key Laboratory of Aqueous Environment Protection and Pollution Control of Yangtze River in Anhui of Anhui Provincial Education Department, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, Anhui, China
2. Anhui Institute of Geological Survey, Hefei 230001, China

Received:2020-08-16 Revised:2020-11-25 Online:2021-12-28 Published:2022-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取2.5 km×2.5 km网格布点法,在皖江经济带A、B、C三地分别采集土壤样品35个、34个、106个,利用ICP-AES分析测定Cd含量特征,运用单项污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对三地土壤Cd污染状况进行生态风险评价。结果表明：（1）A、B、C三地土壤的Cd含量的算术平均值分别为0.40 mg?kg ^-1、0.66 mg?kg ^-1、0.84 mg?kg ^-1,均高于江淮流域Cd含量土壤背景值;（2）三地土壤pH在5.06~7.58之间,整体上处于酸性和弱碱性之间,pH小于7.0的样品167个,占比95.43%;（3）研究区三个地块土壤Cd污染特征存在明显的空间分异,低污染区在空间上呈带状分布,高污染区在空间上呈岛状分布,污染区分布面积C地>B地>A地。（4）三地土壤环境均受重金属Cd污染的影响,存在生态安全风险,风险大小为C地>B地>A地,风险程度均为潜在生态风险高于地累积生态风险高于单项污染生态风险。本区域土壤农业安全利用需要加以重视并进行分类管控。

关键词: 土壤Cd, 空间分布, 风险评价, 皖江经济带

Abstract:

The numbers of 35, 34 and 106 of soil samples in the economic belt of the Yangtze River in Anhui were collected at A, B and C sampling sites by the grid points of 2.5 km× 2.5 km, respectively, the Cd content was measured by ICP-AES, and single factor pollution index, geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index were selected to assess the environmental risk of Cd at the three sites. The results showed that: (1) The average values of Cd content were 0.40, 0.66 and 0.84 mg?kg ^-1 in soils of A, B and C sites, respectively, which were higher than the background values of Cd content in the soils of Yangtze-Huaihe river basin of Anhui. (2) The pH values of soils at the three sites were 5.06-7.58, which was between acidic and weakly alkaline. The number of samples with pH less than 7.0 was 167, accounting for 95.43% of the total number. (3) The low pollution area is distributed as a ribbon in space, while the high pollution area is distributed as an island in space of the three sites; different soil types have different pollution characteristics of Cd. (4) The assessment results were identical and presented as follows: site C > site B > site A by the single factor pollution index, the geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk index. In conclusion, we should focus on the safe utilization of soils and give targeted guidance to the study regions.

Key words: soil cadmium, spatial distribution, risk assessment, economic belt of Yangtze River in Anhui

周葆华, 胡睿鑫, 赵宽, 万昕, 汪瑜, 梁玉辉, 汤金来. 皖江经济带土壤Cd空间分布特征与生态风险评价[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(12): 3261-3270.

ZHOU Bao-hua, HU Rui-xin, ZHAO Kuan, WAN Xin, WANG Yu, LIANG Yu-hui, TANG Jin-lai. Spatial distribution characteristic of Cd in soils and its ecological risk assessment in the economic belt of Yangtze River in Anhui[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(12): 3261-3270.

图/表 7

图1

表1

图2

图3

表2

表3

表4

研究区土壤Cd潜在生态风险指数

	pH	样本数/个	$E r i$ 范围	$E r i$ 平均值	样本超标数/个 (超标率/%)
	pH	样本数/个	$E r i$ 范围	$E r i$ 平均值	低	中等	中高等	高等	极高
A	(5.5, 6.5]	20	13.04~286.01	100.73	3(15.00)	7(35.00)	6(30.00)	4(20.00)	0(0)
A	(6.5, 7.5]	15	42.98~253.27	133.39	0(0)	3(20.00)	9(60.00)	3(20.00)	0(0)
总体评价	5.99~6.98	35	13.04~286.01	114.73	3(8.57)	10(28.57)	15(42.86)	7(20.00)	0(0)
B	≤5.5	5	41.48~438.39	156.25	0(0)	3(60.00)	1(20.00)	0(0)	1(20.00)
	(5.5, 6.5]	21	42.94~360.69	174.53	0(0)	3(14.29)	7(33.33)	9(42.86)	2(9.52)
	(6.5, 7.5]	8	79.38~594.20	247.82	0(0)	1(12.50)	2(25.00)	4(50.00)	1(12.50)
总体评价	5.06~7.36	34	41.48~594.20	189.09	0(0)	7(20.59)	10(29.41)	13(38.24)	4(11.76)
C	≤5.5	6	100.33~665.25	309.85	0(0)	0(0)	1(16.67)	3(50.00)	2(33.33)
	(5.5, 6.5]	56	28.21~1811.22	228.05	1(1.78)	5(8.93)	29(51.79)	14(25.00)	7(12.50)
	(6.5, 7.5]	43	55.10~1143.81	255.81	0(0)	4(9.30)	18(41.86)	7(16.28)	14(32.56)
	>7.5	1	155.39	155.39	0(0)	0(0)	1(100)	0(0)	0(0)
总体评价	5.26~7.58	106	28.21~1811.22	243.26	1(0.94)	9(8.49)	49(46.23)	24(22.64)	23(21.70)

表4

参考文献 26

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	pH	样品数/个	最大值/(mg∙kg^-1)	最小值/(mg∙kg^-1)	平均值/(mg∙kg^-1)	标准差	变异系数/%
A	(5.5, 6.5]	20	0.99	0.05	0.35	0.24	68.43
A	(6.5, 7.5]	15	0.88	0.15	0.46	0.22	47.05
总体情况	5.99~6.98	35	0.99	0.05	0.40	0.23	58.78
B	≤5.5	5	1.52	0.14	0.54	0.56	104.26
	(5.5, 6.5]	21	1.25	0.15	0.61	0.31	51.73
	(6.5, 7.5]	8	2.06	0.28	0.86	0.54	62.53
总体情况	5.06~7.36	34	2.06	0.14	0.66	0.42	63.43
C	≤5.5	6	2.31	0.35	1.07	0.69	63.92
	(5.5, 6.5]	56	6.28	0.10	0.79	0.95	120.16
	(6.5, 7.5]	43	3.96	0.19	0.89	0.80	89.73
	>7.5	1	0.54	0.54	0.54	0	0
总体情况	5.26~7.58	106	6.28	0.10	0.84	0.87	103.01

区域	pH	样本数/个	P值范围	P平均值	样本超标数/个 (超标率/%)
区域	pH	样本数/个	P值范围	P平均值	无污染	轻污染	中度污染	重度污染
A	(5.5, 6.5]	20	0.11~2.48	0.87	14(70.00)	5(25.00)	1(5.00)	0(0)
A	(6.5, 7.5]	15	0.25~1.46	0.77	12(80.00)	3(20.00)	0(0)	0(0)
区域总体评价	5.99~6.98	35	0.11~2.48	0.82	26(74.28)	8(22.86)	1(2.86)	0(0)
B	≤5.5	5	0.48~5.06	1.81	3(60.00)	1(20.00)	0(0)	1(20.00)
	(5.5, 6.5]	21	0.37~3.13	1.51	7(33.33)	9(42.86)	4(19.05)	1(4.76)
	(6.5, 7.5]	8	0.46~3.43	1.43	3(37.50)	4(50.00)	0(0)	1(12.50)
区域总体评价	5.06~7.36	34	0.37~5.06	1.54	13(38.23)	14(41.18)	4(11.77)	3(8.82)
C	≤5.5	6	1.16~7.69	3.58	0(0)	1(16.67)	2(33.33)	3(50.00)
	(5.5, 6.5]	56	0.24~15.70	1.98	17(30.36)	22(39.28)	10(17.86)	7(12.50)
	(6.5, 7.5]	43	0.32~6.61	1.48	24(55.81)	6(13.95)	10(23.26)	3(6.98)
	>7.5	1	0.67	0.67	1(100)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
区域总体评价	5.26~7.58	106	0.24~15.70	1.85	42(39.62)	29(27.36)	22(20.76)	13(12.26)

皖江经济带土壤Cd空间分布特征与生态风险评价

Spatial distribution characteristic of Cd in soils and its ecological risk assessment in the economic belt of Yangtze River in Anhui

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区域	pH	样本数/个	I_geo 范围	I_geo 平均值	样本超标数/个 (超标率/%)
区域	pH	样本数/个	I_geo 范围	I_geo 平均值	无污染	轻污染	偏中度污染	中度污染	偏重污染	重污染	严重污染
A	(5.5, 6.5]	20	-1.79~2.67	0.76	4(20.00)	6(30.00)	8(40.00)	2(10.00)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
A	(6.5, 7.5]	15	-0.06~2.49	1.41	1(6.67)	3(20.00)	8(53.33)	3(20.00)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
总体评价	5.99~6.98	35	-1.79~2.67	1.35	5(14.29)	9(25.71)	16(45.71)	5(14.29)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
B	≤5.5	5	-0.12~3.28	1.28	1(20.00)	2(40.00)	1(20.00)	0(0)	1(20.00)	0(0)	0(0)
	(5.5, 6.5]	21	-0.07~3.00	1.74	1(4.76)	3(14.29)	7(33.33)	9(42.86)	1(4.76)	0(0)	0(0)
	(6.5, 7.5]	8	0.82~3.72	2.25	0(0)	1(12.50)	2(25.00)	4(50.00)	1(12.50)	0(0)	0(0)
总体评价	5.06~7.36	34	-0.12~3.72	2.07	2(5.88)	6(17.65)	10(29.41)	13(38.24)	3(8.82)	0(0)	0(0)
C	≤5.5	6	1.16~3.89	2.54	0(0)	0(0)	1(16.67)	3(50.00)	2(33.33)	0(0)	0(0)
	(5.5, 6.5]	56	-0.67~5.33	1.86	2(3.57)	7(12.50)	26(46.43)	14(25.00)	3(5.36)	3(5.36)	1(1.78)
	(6.5, 7.5]	43	0.29~4.67	2.10	0(0)	5(11.63)	19(44.19)	6(13.95)	11(25.58)	2(4.65)	0(0)
	>7.5	1	1.79	1.79	0(0)	0(0)	1(100)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
总体评价	5.26~7.58	106	-0.67~5.33	2.43	2(1.89)	12(11.32)	47(44.34)	23(21.70)	16(15.09)	5(4.72)	1(0.94)

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