长江流域禁捕生态补偿政策绩效评价及影响因素分析——以湖北和贵州为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20211210

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

渔民作为我国长江流域禁捕生态补偿政策的对象,渔民的满意程度是衡量禁捕生态补偿政策的重要指标。选取的研究地区是首批推行并完成禁捕生态补偿政策的贵州省赤水河流域和湖北省洪湖市,基于退捕渔民调研结果,先使用TOPSIS法的数学模型求出最优解,再进行障碍度计算,并对禁捕政策实施效果和相关影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明：（1）关于禁捕生态补偿政策渔民评价的最优解,贵州省赤水河流域为0.45,绩效一般,湖北省洪湖市为0.27,对应的绩效水平为较差;（2）影响两个地区绩效评价的前三位主要因素是实施禁捕后,政府部门工作跟踪力度满意度（B₄）、生活水平满意度（D₂）、社会活动与社会地位满意度（E₂）。研究结论为评价禁捕生态补偿政策绩效提供一个可选分析框架,为其他地区提高禁捕生态补偿政策绩效提供参考依据。

关键词: 禁捕生态补偿, 渔民满意度, 绩效评价, 影响因素

Abstract:

Fishermen are the core role of the ecological compensation policy for the fishing ban in the Yangtze River, so their satisfaction is related to the performance of the ecological compensation policy introduces with the fishing ban. Chishui River and Honghu, which were the first places in China to implement the policy, were selected as the research areas. Based on survey data from fishermen who have withdrawn from fishing, the TOPSIS which improved by entropy weights combined with the obstacle degree model was employed to evaluate the policy performance and to diagnose its influence factors. The results indicate that: (1) The values of positive and ideal solutions of fishermen's evaluation for the policy in Chishui River and Honghu is 0.45, 0.27 respectively, indicating the performance in the poor level; (2) The top three main factors are the social activities , social status , and living standards of the family, which may related to the satisfaction with government work after the fishing ban, This study provides an alternative analysis framework for the assetment of the performance of the fishing ban's ecological compensation policy, and provides a reference for other regions to improve the performance of policy.

Key words: ecological compensation for fishing ban, fisherman satisfaction, performance evaluation, influencing factor

陈廷贵, 刘芳, 杨杨. 长江流域禁捕生态补偿政策绩效评价及影响因素分析——以湖北和贵州为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(12): 3144-3155.

CHEN Ting-gui, LIU Fang, YANG Yang. Performance evaluation and influence factors of ecological compensation policy in the Yangtze River Basin: The case study of Hubei and Guizhou provinces[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(12): 3144-3155.

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特征	类别	贵州赤水河	湖北洪湖
特征	类别	比例	比例
性别	男	90.83	89.83
	女	9.17	10.17
年龄/岁	≤ 30	2.50	0
	31~40	12.50	3.39
	41~50	33.33	32.20
	51~60	29.17	28.81
	>60	22.50	35.59
教育程度	未读书	6.67	10.17
	小学	51.67	40.68
	初中	35.83	38.98
	高中	3.33	8.47
	大专及以上	2.50	1.69
是否为村干部	是	7.50	11.86
	否	92.50	88.14
家庭年收入/万元	1以下	18.33	37.29
	1~3	28.33	42.37
	3~5	33.33	11.86
	5~8	11.67	6.78
	8以上	8.33	1.69

指标	赤水河	洪湖	正理想解
A₁	0.07	0.06	0.07
B₁	0.09	0.07	0.09
B₂	0.03	0.10	0.10
B₃	0.05	0.03	0.05
B₄	0.21	0.40	0.40
C₁	0.02	0.01	0.02
D₁	0.08	0.09	0.09
D₂	0.16	0.11	0.16
E₁	0.07	0.01	0.07
E₂	0.21	0.12	0.21

地区	类别	指标排序
地区	类别	1	2	3	4	5
赤水河	影响因素	B₄	E₂	D₂	D₁	E₁
赤水河	障碍度	29.42	21.42	17.06	8.84	6.75
洪湖	影响因素	B₄	E₂	D₂	B₂	D₁
洪湖	障碍度	41.26	12.84	11.72	10.06	9.15