稻田综合种养土地利用的生态—经济效果——以湖北省稻虾共作为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20211209

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

关注以稻虾共作为代表的稻田综合种养土地利用新型模式,基于在湖北省潜江市和荆州市的实地调研数据,运用非期望产出的SBM模型和投入导向DEA方法,测算和比较了稻虾共作户和水稻单作户土地利用的生态—经济效果。研究发现：与水稻单作相比,稻虾共作能够改善土地利用的生态—经济效果;但调研区一半以上的共作农户仍然延续着传统粗放的生产模式,生产中存在严重的过量投入,阻碍了其土地利用生态—经济效果的进一步优化。此外,若忽略环境污染,只考虑经济效果,将导致稻虾共作的土地利用效率被高估45.28%。目前,稻虾共作提高土地利用效率的功能未能充分发挥,亟需把环境影响纳入土地利用效率评估中,贯彻“双水双绿”的发展理念,引导农户合理安排各项生产投入,切实优化稻虾共作的生态—经济效果,促进土地可持续利用。

关键词: 稻田综合种养, 土地利用, 稻虾共作, 生态—经济效果;, 农业绿色发展

Abstract:

In this paper, we focused on a new land-use model of integrated rice-aquatic coculture systems and based on the survey data in Qianjiang and Jingzhou, calculated and compared the ecological-economic effects of rice-crayfish co-culture and rice monoculture. The results show that compared with rice monoculture, rice-crayfish co-culture can improve the ecological-economic effects of land use. However, more than half of the co-farming households in the surveyed area continue the traditional extensive production mode, and there is a serious excessive investment in production, which hinders the further optimization of the ecological-economic effects of their land use. In addition, if we only consider the economic effects but ignore possible negative effects on environment, the land-use efficiency of rice-crayfish co-culture will be overestimated by 45.28%. At present, it is urgent to incorporate environmental impact into land-use efficiency assessment, implement the development concept of "double water and double green", guide farmers to rationally arrange various production inputs, and effectively optimize the ecological-economic effect of rice-crayfish co-culture, so as to promote sustainable land use.

Key words: integrated rice-aquatic coculture system, land use, rice-crayfish co-culture, ecological-economic effects, green agriculture

谭淑豪, 刘青, 张清勇. 稻田综合种养土地利用的生态—经济效果——以湖北省稻虾共作为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(12): 3131-3143.

TAN Shu-hao, LIU Qing, ZHANG Qing-yong. Study on the ecological-economic effects of rice-aquatic coculture land use pattern: The case of rice-crayfish coculture in Hubei province[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(12): 3131-3143.

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地区	稻田综合种养面积/hm²	稻虾种养面积/hm²	占全国稻虾总面积比例/%	模式
湖北	393166.67	380666.67	48.96	宽沟、稻虾共作模式
湖南	300146.67	145240.00	18.68	湖北模式
安徽	150633.33	108693.33	13.98	湖北模式
江苏	241060.00	54966.67	7.07	稻虾连作
江西	66993.33	43306.67	5.57	湖北模式
合计	1152000.00	732873.34	94.26	——

土地利用效率	考虑环境约束		不考虑环境约束
土地利用效率	稻虾共作	水稻单作	稻虾共作	水稻单作
均值	0.360	0.286	0.523	0.505
最大值	1	1	1	1
最小值	0.072	0.074	0.144	0.150
标准差	0.263	0.200	0.229	0.204
T检验	3.266^***		0.882

农户	效率值	稻虾共作		水稻单作
农户	效率值	户数/户	占比/%	户数/户	占比/%
极低效率组	小于0.2	53	26.63	84	35.44
低效率组	小于0.5	162	81.41	217	91.56
中等效率组	0.5~1	14	7.04	12	5.06
强效率组	等于1	23	11.55	8	3.38