乡村振兴目标下的国土整治研究进展及关键问题

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20211202

自然资源学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 3007-3030.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20211202

• 新时期自然资源利用与管理 • 上一篇下一篇

乡村振兴目标下的国土整治研究进展及关键问题

韩博¹^,²(), 金晓斌¹^,²^,³(), 顾铮鸣¹^,², 尹延兴¹^,², 刘静萍¹^,², 周寅康¹^,²^,³

1. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京 210023
2. 自然资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室,南京 210023
3. 江苏省土地开发整理技术工程中心,南京 210023

收稿日期:2021-01-30 修回日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2021-12-28 发布日期:2022-02-28
通讯作者: 金晓斌（1974- ）,男,甘肃兰州人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土地资源管理研究。E-mail: jinxb@nju.edu.cn
作者简介:韩博（1995- ）,男,河南新乡人,博士研究生,主要从事土地利用与国土整治研究。E-mail: mg1727028@smail.nju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41971234);国家自然科学基金项目(41971235);自然资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室开放基金项目(2019CZEPK02)

Research progress and key issues of territory consolidation under the target of rural revitalization

HAN Bo¹^,²(), JIN Xiao-bin¹^,²^,³(), GU Zheng-ming¹^,², YIN Yan-xing¹^,², LIU Jing-ping¹^,², ZHOU Yin-kang¹^,²^,³

1. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China
3. Jiangsu Land Development and Consolidation Technology Engineering Center, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2021-01-30 Revised:2021-06-03 Online:2021-12-28 Published:2022-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国国土整治历经40年发展,在促进乡村耕地保护、解决土地资源低效利用问题、助力扶贫攻坚等方面发挥了重要作用。回顾中国国土整治事业发展历程,基于文献计量分析与文献综述方法总结相关研究进展,提出了未来国土整治研究的关键问题,得到以下结论：中国国土整治事业与研究都历经国土整治规划、专项国土整治、国土综合整治三个阶段,促进乡村振兴是当前国土整治的最重要历史任务;目前形成了以解决国土空间与资源利用问题为目标,以服务政策管理需求为导向,以土地利用研究为理论支撑,以农用地整治、农村居民点整治、国土综合整治等为主要对象并向国土空间生态修复拓展的研究体系;形成了包括业务管理部门与特色科研单位为核心的分散组团式研究群体;乡村振兴目标下的国土整治研究围绕土地整治规划选址与分区决策、土地整治项目全流程监测监管与绩效评价、农村居民点整治潜力评价、土地整治政策成效评估等现实需求以及土地整治驱动生态系统变化机制、土地资源优化配置方法、土地利用冲突协调机制等科学问题开展了大量特色研究,充分发挥地理学经世致用特点。面向未来国土综合整治研究,应重点围绕“理论框架—问题识别—规划决策—技术体系”解决关键问题,以理论研究推动中国国土整治事业发展,为促进乡村振兴目标实现做出贡献。

关键词: 乡村振兴, 国土整治, 研究进展, 关键问题

Abstract:

After nearly 40 years of development, China's territory consolidation has played an important role in promoting rural farmland protection, solving the problem of inefficient use of land resources, and helping poverty alleviation. This article reviews the development process of China's territory consolidation, summarizes relevant research progress based on bibliometric analysis and literature reviews, and puts forward key issues for future territory consolidation research. The following conclusions are drawn: China's territory consolidation undertakings and research have gone through three stages including territory consolidation planning, special territory consolidation projects, and comprehensive territory consolidation. The promotion of rural revitalization is the most important historical task of current territory consolidation. At present, territory consolidation research has formed a distinctive research system with the goal of solving the problem of land space and resource utilization and guided by policy management needs. Land use research is the theoretical support of territory consolidation, with agricultural land consolidation, rural settlement consolidation, comprehensive land consolidation and land-space ecological restoration as the main objects. Territory consolidation research formed a decentralized group consisting of management departments and characteristic scientific research institutes as the core research bodies. The territory consolidation research under the rural revitalization goal focuses on land consolidation planning, project site selection, consolidation zoning decision-making, land consolidation project full-process monitoring and supervision and performance evaluation, rural settlement consolidation potential evaluation, land consolidation policy effectiveness evaluation and other management needs. Besides, much research has been carried out on scientific issues such as the mechanism of land consolidation driving ecosystem change, the optimal allocation method of land resources, and the coordination mechanism of land use conflicts, giving full play to the characteristics of geography for theory serving practice. To accelerate comprehensive land consolidation in the future, we should focus on solving key issues around "theoretical framework-problem identification-planning and decision-technical system", and use theoretical research to promote the development of China's territory consolidation, and contribute to the realization of rural revitalization.

Key words: rural revitalization, territory consolidation, research progress, key issues

韩博, 金晓斌, 顾铮鸣, 尹延兴, 刘静萍, 周寅康. 乡村振兴目标下的国土整治研究进展及关键问题[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(12): 3007-3030.

HAN Bo, JIN Xiao-bin, GU Zheng-ming, YIN Yan-xing, LIU Jing-ping, ZHOU Yin-kang. Research progress and key issues of territory consolidation under the target of rural revitalization[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(12): 3007-3030.

图/表 6

图1

表1

图2

表2

国土整治相关概念研究梳理

概念名称	定义与内涵	特征总结	参考文献
国土整治	国土整治分为“国土”和“整治”两部分。针对国土空间陆海全域开展的调查研究、制定开发利用规划、制定管理法即为国土整治	属于大尺度空间规划与治理范畴,强调分部门、分地区、分步骤进行实施。体现了地理学综合性与区域性特征,具有前瞻性与大局观,但受限于时代背景,缺少从理念向实践转化的路径	[13,27]
土地综合整治	农村土地综合整治是在一定区域内按照土地利用总体规划确定的目标和用途, 以土地整理、复垦、开发和城乡建设用地增减挂钩为平台通过对田、水、路、林、村进行综合整治的活动	以优化土地利用结构,增加有效耕地面积,促进农业规模经营、人口集中居住、产业聚集发展及推进城乡一体化进程是土地综合整治的目标	[28-30]
景观生态型土地整治	依据项目区景观格局与污染风险评价结果,以景观重建作为土地整治目标,通过格局优化调整,提升景观功能的整治模式	依据各类景观基底和景观功能的内在联系,设计景观格局调整和优化工程,涵盖水系景观整治工程、污染控制工程、基本农田保护区整治工程和村庄整治工程	[31]
多功能土地整治	多功能土地整治是以体现土地多功能融合为目标的综合发展阶段,是以生产、生活和生态全面改善为目标的整治模式	强调土地细碎化治理,提高农业生产力;强化景观生态保护;提倡乡村振兴与发展;关注人的需要和公平正义	[32,33]
全域土地综合整治	全域土地综合整治是土地整治发展的高级阶段,通过解决乡村耕地碎片化、空间布局无序化、土地资源利用低效化、生态质量退化等多维度问题,以期达到优化生产、生活、生态空间格局,促进耕地保护和土地集约节约利用,改善农村人居环境的目的	全域土地综合整治是以特定范围内全域要素为整治对象,以国土空间规划及相关规划为依据。强调范围、对象、目标的多元性	[34,35]
国土综合整治	国土综合整治是土地整治的转型发展,是统筹山水林田湖草系统治理、建设美丽生态国土的政策平台	强调从土地整治到国土综合整治发展的延续性,侧重国土综合整治的政策平台作用	[25]
	广义国土综合整治是人类优化调控国土空间与资源的全部活动,狭义国土综合整治是新时期背景下对乡村、生态、城镇、海洋等各类空间整治模块的集合	从人地系统理论解析出发提出了广义与狭义国土综合整治概念的差异,认为分类是国土综合整治的本质体现,也是概念与实践的衔接	[12]
	国土综合整治是国土整治的新阶段,生态系统保护修复是国土综合整治的实施内容与手段之一	侧重解析国土综合整治与生态保护修复的关系,并认为前者对后者具有包含关系	[26]
	国土整治与生态修复分别针对格局失序、效能低下和品质不高的空间及结构不良、功能受损的生态系统进行整治与修复,互为依存相互促进	侧重国土整治与生态修复关系解析,认为两者对象不同,是并列并存、相互补充关系	[36]

表2

图3

图4

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乡村振兴目标下的国土整治研究进展及关键问题

Research progress and key issues of territory consolidation under the target of rural revitalization

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关键词	突现年份	结束年份
国土整治	1998	2009
土地整治规划	2012	2014
农村土地综合整治	2013	2014
高标准基本农田	2013	2015
土地利用	2013	2015
土地管理	2014	2015
研究进展	2014	2017
土地整治	2015	2018
新增耕地	2015	2018
耕地质量	2015	2020
土地工程	2016	2019
生态系统服务	2017	2021
遥感	2017	2018
乡村振兴	2018	2020
耕地细碎化	2019	2020
生态修复	2019	2020
国土空间	2019	2020

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