湖南省乡村旅游地空间分异及影响因素——以五星级乡村旅游区为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20210406

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以湖南省五星级乡村旅游区为研究样本,运用最邻近指数、地理联系率、核密度分析、空间热点聚类等空间统计方法,研究了湖南省五星级乡村旅游区空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：（1）湖南省五星级乡村旅游区总体上呈集聚分布态势。（2）在空间分布上呈现“东多西少”的特征,大体可分为湘中、湘北、湘西和湘南四个片区;16个一阶热点区主要沿“常德—长株潭—衡阳—郴州”分布,二阶热点区只集中在长株潭地区;五星级乡村旅游区大致形成了以长株潭为核心,沿交通干线向外辐射的三个产业发展轴带。（3）五星级乡村旅游区空间分布主要受到地形水文、经济社会、交通区位、客源市场、地方政策等多重因素方面的影响;依托自然地理优势、城市经济和政策供给,五星级乡村旅游区大体呈现出“环山、滨水、围城、沿线”的空间分异格局。依据分析结果,结合当前湖南省乡村旅游发展的现状,从政策环境、产业发展、乡村治理等方面提出相关政策建议。

关键词: 乡村旅游地, 空间分异特征, 影响因素, 湖南省

Abstract:

Using the nearest neighbor index, geographical contact rate, kernel density analysis, spatial hot spot clustering and other spatial statistical methods, we examined the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of five-star rural tourism areas in Hunan province. The results show that: Firstly, the five-star rural tourism areas are mainly distributed in the eastern part of Hunan. The province can be divided into four sub-regions: Xiangzhong (center), Xiangbei (north), Xiangxi (west) and Xiangnan (south). First-order hotspots are mainly distributed along the city of Changde-Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan-Hengyang-Chenzhou. The second-order hotspots are only concentrated in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area. Rural tourism areas have roughly formed three industrial belts with Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan as the core. Thirdly, the spatial distribution of five-star rural tourism areas is mainly affected by factors such as topographic and hydrologic conditions, economic and social development, transportation location, tourist source market, and regional policy. Relying on the advantages of physical geography, urban economy and policy supply, the five-star rural tourism areas generally present a spatial differentiation pattern of "surrounding the mountain", "near the water", "around the city", and "along the road". According to the conclusions of the analysis and the current situation of rural tourism development in Hunan province, relevant policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of policy environment, industrial development and rural governance, so as to strengthen the government's guidance to the construction of rural tourism areas, and promote the rational distribution of rural tourism areas. Local policies are further skewed in favour of less developed regions, to adapt to local conditions, integrate the advantages of regional natural and human resources, and promote the development model of rural tourism areas. Further we should strengthen ecological environment governance and improve infrastructure construction in the rural tourism area

Key words: rural tourism destination, spatial differentiation, influencing factor, Hunan

张杰, 麻学锋. 湖南省乡村旅游地空间分异及影响因素——以五星级乡村旅游区为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(4): 879-892.

ZHANG Jie, MA Xue-feng. Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of rural tourism destination in Hunan province: A case study of five-star rural tourism areas[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(4): 879-892.

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地区	第一阶段数量/个	第二阶段数量/个	第三阶段数量/个	变动态势	合计/个	合计所占比例/%	累计占比/%
长沙市	41	21	9	逐步减少	71	14.85	14.85
常德市	12	28	26	先增后减	66	13.81	28.66
郴州市	12	20	24	逐步增加	56	11.72	40.38
怀化市	13	12	14	先减后增	39	8.16	48.54
衡阳市	7	9	19	逐步增加	35	7.32	55.86
株洲市	12	10	9	逐步减少	31	6.49	62.34
湘潭市	13	10	7	逐步减少	30	6.28	68.62
永州市	2	9	18	逐步增加	29	6.07	74.69
娄底市	9	8	10	先减后增	27	5.65	80.33
岳阳市	10	3	13	先减后增	26	5.44	85.77
邵阳市	7	2	16	先减后增	25	5.23	91.00
益阳市	10	0	9	先减后增	19	3.97	94.98
张家界市	10	1	3	先减后增	14	2.93	97.91
湘西州	1	2	7	逐步增加	10	2.09	100
全省	159	135	184	先减后增	478	100	—