自然资源学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2696-2707.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20201111

• 能源经济与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

2050年中国能源消费结构的系统动力学模拟——基于重点行业的转型情景

何则1,2,3,4(), 周彦楠1,2,3, 刘毅1,2,3()   

  1. 1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,区域可持续发展分析与模拟实验室,北京 100101
    2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049
    3.粤港澳大湾区战略研究院,广州 510070
    4.乌特勒支大学人文地理与空间规划系,荷兰 乌特勒支 3584CB
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-03 修回日期:2020-08-05 出版日期:2020-11-28 发布日期:2021-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 刘毅 E-mail:heze@lzb.ac.cn;liuy@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:何则(1992- ),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士研究生,主要从事能源经济地理,产业与区域规划研究。E-mail: heze@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41842056);国家自然科学基金项目(41871118);国家自然科学基金项目(42022007);国家留学基金项目(201904910633)

System dynamics simulation on China's energy consumption in 2050: Based on the policy scenarios of key industries

HE Ze1,2,3,4(), ZHOU Yan-nan1,2,3, LIU Yi1,2,3()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling/Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. Institute of Strategy Research of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510070, China
    4. Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CB, Netherlands
  • Received:2020-01-03 Revised:2020-08-05 Online:2020-11-28 Published:2021-01-28
  • Contact: Yi LIU E-mail:heze@lzb.ac.cn;liuy@igsnrr.ac.cn

摘要:

面向2050年世界能源发展形势与中国发展实际,推进能源转型与保障油气供给是关乎国家发展和能源安全的重大前瞻性问题。考虑能源转型这一关键前提,基于重点行业部门的政策情景模拟了中国能源消费的总量与结构变化情况,并分析了中国油气消费需求及其对外依存情况。结果显示:(1)若实行积极的部门能源转型政策,中国的一次能源消费总量将在较大幅度上低于参照情景,并有望在2040年达到峰值,其峰值在5755~7000 mtce之间。具体来看,煤炭消费可在2030年前达峰,石油消费在两种转型情景下均将在2040年达到峰值,而天然气仅在加速转型情景下可于2035年实现消费达峰。(2)从推进能源结构转型角度看,在转型情景下中国2050年煤炭消费量占能源消费总量的比例为21%,在加速转型情景下到2050年煤炭占能源消费总量的比例将不足10%;无论是在转型情景下还是加速转型情景下,到2050年油气消费占中国能源消费总量的30%;若推行更加积极的转型政策,在加速转型情景下中国到 2050年非化石能源消费占比将超越化石能源。(3)高需求低产出将导致中国油气对外依存度在中长期内处于较高水平,因而,在2050年前保障国家能源安全仍不可忽视油气供给稳定性。研究可为中国能源安全战略与能源政策制定提供科学依据。

关键词: 能源消费, 能源结构, 能源转型, 能源安全, 情景模拟, 2050, 中国

Abstract:

Based on the new trend of world energy development in 2050 and the reality of China's development, how to realize energy transition and ensure oil and gas demand is a major forward-looking issue concerning China's national security. This study simulates the changes in the quantity and structure of primary energy of China based on the policy scenarios of key industries. And it also analyzes the demand of oil and gas in China and its oversea dependence in 2050. The results show that: (1) By implementing the active energy transition policies, the value of primary energy consumption is expected to peak in 2040, with a maximum value of 5755 to 7000 mtce. For different types of energy, coal consumption can reach its peak by 2030, oil consumption will peak in 2040 under both transition scenarios, and natural gas consumption will peak in 2035 under accelerated transition scenario. (2) From the perspective of advancing the transition of the energy structure, China's coal consumption will account for 21% of the total energy amount in 2050 under the transition scenario, and coal will account for less than 10% of total energy consumption by 2050 under the accelerated transition scenario. In both of the transition and the accelerated transition scenarios, oil and gas consumption will account for 30% of China's total energy amount in 2050. If a more active transition policy is implemented, no-fossil energy will be the most important energy sources for China in 2050 in the accelerated transition scenario. (3) High demand and relatively low domestic production of oil/gas will lead to a high level of China's oversea dependence in a mid- and long-term trend. Therefore, the supply of oil and gas to the national energy security in 2050 cannot be ignored based on the policy scenarios of key industries. This research can provide a scientific basis for the policy making of China's energy security.

Key words: energy consumption, energy structure, energy transition, energy security, scenario simulation, 2050, China