关键词: 生态经济, 整合, 模型

Abstract: An increased awareness of integrated ecological-economic models to understanding long-term and large-scale problems is evident in recent years.This paper presents a review of modeling approaches used in integrating economic and ecological aspects of environmental and resource and economic development problems.Although derived from a common linguistic root,ecology and economics vary greatly and are often conflicting disciplines,each with temporal and spatial frameworks that seem to preclude the concerns of the other.But economic and eco logical systems are interconnected in many ways with feedbacks and synergies.A monodisciplinary ap-proach can only provide partial analysis and undermines the complexity of ecological-economic systems.Modelling of ecological and economic systems is a complex,yet essential,task.Ecologi-cal economists must use an interdisciplinary approach to link existing models from dis parate disciplines.The improved modelling software and computer hardware have made at least the technical part of the task much easier.This paper views ecological-economic integra tion in the sense of combining processes,instead of one process and a variable.Sustainable economic and ecological systems require a fully integrated multidisciplinary model.The uses of models are un-derstanding,assessing,and optimizing of complex ecological-economic system.The modelling approaches reviewed in this paper reflect those characters.Three major topics are addressed.First the theoretic base of ecological-economic models is discussed.Next,the major methods used in ecological-economic models are summarized.Third-ly,sets of ecological-economic models about environmental and resource problems are de-scribed.

Key words: ecological-economic, model, integration