关键词: 西北干旱区, 水资源开发, 地下水资源, 水文效应, 开发利用模式, 塔里木河, 民勤盆地, 河川径流, 石羊河流域, 天山北坡

Abstract: Water resources are not only a valuable natural resources but also one of the most active environmental factors in the arid zone. Water resources brought about, in developing and using them, an important influence on socio-economic development in the arid zone. According to statistics, total amount of annual available water resources in the arid zone is 53,160 million m3, which is 51% of the total water resources of Northwest China. At present, annual available surface water is 49,300 million m3, which is 50.5% of the total surface runoff. Annual amount of groundwater exploitation is 3,850 million m3, which is 9.7% of total amount of groundwater recharge in the plain region of the arid zone.Due to large development of water resources after liberation, the increase in the use of water resources has produced numerous hydrological changes, such as changes of rivers runoff regimes, shortage of groundwater resources, dry up or salify of lake water. Furthermore, it has brought about change of used models and ecologic-environment.In order to use water resources reasonably, it is necessary to pay attention to unified planning of river basin, to sum. up experiences of water resources utilization in different regions and to set up optimum models in different types of water resources utilization. Some suggestions for rationally using and protecting water resources are presented in this paper.