中国快速城镇化进程中农村空心化现象日益突出并成为制约乡村振兴发展的关键问题。采用文献荟萃分析方法,基于中国知网CNKI数据库,分析了中国空心村整治潜力时空格局及其影响因素,解析了空心村整治模式及其机制的地域差异特征。结果显示：1996—2019年CNKI数据库空心村研究文献呈快速增长态势,空心村研究文献增加与全国农村常住人口减少呈显著正相关;空心村整治潜力等级呈现“北方高南方低”“平原地区高、丘陵山地区低”“传统农区高、城市群地区低”的总体分布特征;农村自然地理条件、常住人口减少幅度和人均占有耕地面积是影响空心村整治潜力大小的关键因素;89.80%的县域采用村内集约型整治模式,集中分布在黄淮海平原区、长江中下游地区、四川盆地及周边地区东部,迁村并点型和城乡融合型整治模式的占比均超过50%,易地搬迁型整治模式相对较少,主要集中在胡焕庸线附近生态脆弱和贫困叠加区域。因地制宜、分类分步推进空心化村庄整治,有助于提高农村土地利用效率,显化农村土地价值。

Based on the Meta-analysis method, the study revealed the spatio-temporal patterns and influencing factors of the hollowing village reclamation potential in China, and analyzed the hollowing village formation mechanism. The results show that a total of 344 counties have recorded hollowing villages from 1996 to 2019, mainly located in 29 provincial administrative units, such as Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, and Hunan. There was a significant positive correlation between the value added of literature on hollowing village and the value declined of rural resident population. The hollowing village's reclamation potential grade had obvious characteristics of "high in the north, the plains and traditional agricultural areas, but low in the south, the hilly areas and urban agglomerations". The key factors influencing the reclamation potential included the rural natural geographical conditions, the number of rural residents and per unit cultivated area. Some 89.80% of the counties adopt intra-village intensification model, which were concentrated in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the eastern part of the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas. More than 50% of counties employ village integration and the urban-rural integration models. The relocation models were mainly applied in the ecologically fragile and provety-stricken areas near the Hu Huanyong Line. This study provides reference for the implementation of rural land consolidation and rural revitalization strategy in the new period.

重构乡村振兴与新型城镇化的指标体系,采用耦合协调度模型、空间马尔可夫链以及地理加权回归模型,分析了2005—2017年中国30个省（市、自治区）乡村振兴与新型城镇化的耦合协调水平、时空分异格局、空间动态演进以及驱动机制。研究发现：（1）乡村振兴与新型城镇化的耦合协调度呈现“东部高、西南低”的分布特征,中级协调区域逐步向中部扩散,高级协调区域数量不断增加;高级协调类型省（市、自治区）中“乡村振兴滞后型”占大多数,初级协调和濒临失调类型省（市、自治区）中“新型城镇化发展滞后型”居多。（2）耦合协调度的动态演进呈现维持原有状态稳定性的特征,较难实现跨越式转移,处于高级协调阶段的省（市、自治区）存在“俱乐部趋同”现象。向上转移的省（市、自治区）主要集中在中部,向下调整的以北方省（市、自治区）居多;耦合协调较高的省（市、自治区）对邻近省（市、自治区）具有正向溢出效应,而耦合协调度低的省（市、自治区）对周围产生负向效应,且这种影响是不对称的。（3）影响乡村振兴与新型城镇化耦合协调度变化的驱动力空间差异显著,表现出层级带状分布的发展态势。政府驱动、投资驱动、人口驱动呈现南北层级带状分布。消费驱动、收入驱动、产业驱动呈现东西层级带状分布。

With the rapid development of the social economy, factors of social and economic development in China’s rural areas have been continuously reorganized, and the pattern and distribution of rural residential areas have undergone significant changes. In rural areas, there have been many peculiar phenomena of “reducing people but not reducing land in rural areas, which has caused tremendous pressure on land resource protection. We used geographic detectors and a geographically temporally weighted regression model (GTWR) to explore the rural settlements’ evolution and driving mechanism in Hubei Province from 1990 to 2015. The results show that the kernel density of rural settlements decreased from 1.62 villages/km2 in 1990 to 1.60 villages/km2 in 2015. The scale of rural residential patches has obvious regional differentiation characteristics. From southeast to northwest, there is a wave-like distribution structure of “high-low-high-low-high”, and the clustering characteristics of “cold and hot spots” are strengthened with time. Based on GTWR analysis, the total rural population, total power of agricultural machinery, and rural electricity consumption have promoted the expansion of rural settlements, with the regression coefficients 0.096, 0.484, and 0.878, respectively. Cultivated land, agricultural output value, and rural labor force have negative impacts on the expansion, the regression coefficients of the village were −0.584, −0.510, and −0.109, respectively.

Since the Second World War, Poland has been undergoing an intensive process of transformation of the economic structure of rural areas, manifested, among other things, in the change in the occupational make-up of its inhabitants. The development of non-agricultural methods of management in rural areas has led to the emergence of multifunctional rural areas, where the role of agriculture as a source of income for the inhabitants is decreasing. There is a process of deagrarianisation of the economic structure, which has been indicated by many researchers as an unavoidable process, connected with the changes taking place in rural areas. One of the effects of this process are changes in rural settlement patterns. The aim of this article is to present the spatial effects of the deagrarianisation process in the Polish countryside, expressed in the changes in the rural settlement network. The authors used the statistical database of the Central Statistical Office (over 41 thousand records) to draw up the classification of rural areas by the nature of changes in population numbers in the period 1950–2011, which was compared with the research carried out as part of the Monitoring of Rural Development in Poland. The study confirmed that the factor behind the evolution of the rural settlement network is the process of decreasing agricultural demand for labour. As a consequence, there is a polarisation of localities into multifunctional rural localities, mainly headquarter villages and local government offices, and those with a predominantly agricultural function. On a supra-local scale, a process of polarisation of rural areas between a growing suburban population and a reducing peripheral location around large and medium-sized towns has been observed.

科学辨识农村居民点演变特征及其空间指向性机理,将丰富乡村地理学及村庄规划学科的研究内容。以农村居民点用地矢量数据为基础,集成格网统计、地理探测器和Logistic回归等研究方法,定量识别环渤海地区农村居民点时空地域格局及空间指向性特征。主要结论如下：① 农村聚落密度和分散程度自东北向西南逐渐增加,传统农区乡村聚落密度较高。② 黄淮海、鲁南等传统农区,大多农民处于“城乡双漂”的生计状态,助推农村聚落用地持续扩张,在5 km×5 km网格单元内,农村居民点用地面积多数超过3 km²。③ 中心地城市的持续外扩,外围农村居民点用地类型随之转变消失。④ 农村聚落的空间分布呈现出一定的交通指向、中心地指向、耕地资源禀赋指向、环境宜居地域指向等指向性特征。

The article focuses on the scientific issues of rural settlements and its land use change during rural-urban transformation process. Based on the land use classification data from the remote sensing images and economic-social statistics data, using a 5 km×5 km grid for the minimum statistical scale and GIS spatial statistical analysis function, the temporal-spatial change of the rural settlement and land use were comprehensively examined in the Bohai Rim in China. Main results for this study are as follows: (1) the spatial differentiation of rural settlements was significant in the Bohai Rim in China. The regions with more than five natural villages in a 5 km×5 km grid were located in agricultural and mountainous areas, especially in southern Hebei province and southwestern Shandong province, with "6" glyph spatial pattern, gradually increasing from northeast to southwest in the Bohai Rim in China, where the rural settlements were scattered, and rural settlement land was used extensively. The density of rural settlements and scattered degree are much higher in the traditional agricultural regions. Besides, the spatial differences of rural residential land and dynamic change were significant in the Bohai Rim in China. In terms of scale, the areas of rural residential land were larger in the plain area with a higher density of rural settlements, especially in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and southern Shandong Peninsula, and most of the rural residential lands area scale was more than 3 sq km in the 5 km×5 km grid. In the traditional agricultural areas, economic development, industrialization and business-service development have lagged behind, with industrial development in an initial stage, so that a low urbanization rate has been found. The livelihood of most farmers is dual status between urban and rural areas. (3) On time series, the rural residential land areas increased in the traditional agricultural region. At the same time, rural residential lands have been changed to urban land use types in the rural and semi-urban areas in the provincial capital cities and prefecture-level cities, so the rural residential land use area decreased. (4) The influencing factors of driving rural settlements and landform and structure change refer to many aspects, including natural environmental conditions, location conditions, level of economic development and farmers' income.

本文受启于TOD理论与实践在城市地域空间结构优化过程中所发挥的重要作用,借鉴以往乡村聚居单元规模与空间结构研究成果,试图提炼出一种乡村聚居空间结构优化模式——乡村公路导向发展模式（Rural Road-Oriented Development Model,简称RROD模式）,并针对概念内涵、构建原则、框架、类型、空间尺度等进行系统分析。同时,重点从设施门槛、耕作半径、邻里交往以及出行距离感知等方面对RROD合理规模与结构进行了综合论证,认为RROD规模半径一般取值范围为450-700m,人口规模一般取值范围为1500-3500人,占地面积一般取值范围为30-75hm²,距离一般取值范围为3.5-5.0km。但由于该取值范围是基于均质地域及一般发展条件假设,其结论具有一般理论指导性,但在具体实践过程中,必须根据实际情况进行适当调整与修正。

在当今全球化与地方化、区域化的背景下，物质和能量在各节点间的高速流动促进了城市网络的形成并成为一种新的区域组织模式和空间结构，尤其是对区域一体化高度发达的区域产生了深刻影响。以长江三角洲地区为例，从人口迁移的网络空间入手，从网络密度、中心势等角度对1982-2010年长三角地区人口网络的演变进行研究。结果表明：整体上人口迁移网络日趋成熟，但空间分布不均衡；人口迁移主要流向上海、杭州、南京、宁波和苏锡常等核心城市，同时这些城市的人口外迁现象逐渐显现；以无锡、苏州、杭州之间人口迁移联系为主体的省际间人口流动行为增多，空间上具有等级扩散的特征；不同空间尺度的网络结构相互嵌套，在地方尺度下形成了江苏以邻域渗透为主和浙江的等级辐合两种网络结构。最后从就业机会、收入水平、产业结构、迁移成本等方面分析了人口迁移网络的演化历经均质离散—单核心集聚—多核心等级网络—链式空间网络四个阶段的成因。

The fast flow of various productive assets and power among different places has promoted the formation of city networks in the context of globalization, regionalization and localization. The city network has nowadays become a new mode of regional organization and spatial structure, and imposes a significant influence on the process of regional integration. By applying the social network analysis, this article attempts to investigate the characteristics, emergence and evolution of human mobility networks in the Yangtze River Delta region. The density, centralization and connectedness of the networks are calculated, and the results show that the human mobility networks in this region have formed and are characteristics of spatial unbalance in population distribution. Secondly, cities including Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo and Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou areas have constituted important nodes of population agglomeration. Meanwhile, these cities are experiencing the process of emigration of population to other adjacent areas. Thirdly, two modes of human mobility networks, inter-province network and intra-province network, coexist in the Yangtze River Delta region. Specifically speaking, the inter-province network is characteristic of hierarchical diffusion, and the migration of population mainly occurs among Wuxi, Suzhou and Hangzhou. However, the intra-province network becomes more complex and can be further categorized two models—Jiangsu's intra-province network and Zhejiang's intra-province network. From the perspective of the spatial pattern, Jiangsu's intra-province network is characteristic of adjacent infiltration which means the relocation of population from population cores to peripheral areas. However, Zhejiang's intra-province network exhibits a hub-and-spoke structure and primarily includes three nodes of population mobility— Hangzhou, Ningbo and Taizhou. Based on the discussion mentioned above, the mechanism of human mobility network is analyzed with the consideration of the effect of employment opportunity, income, industrial structure and mobility cost on the population mobility. The analysis manifests that factors involving the openness of cities, the ratio of secondary industry and tertiary industry, housing price, spatial distance and institutional thickness have significantly affected the formation of human mobility network in the Yangtze River Delta. Finally, this article proposes a theoretical hypothesis of the evolution of human mobility network which includes the following four stages—discrete distribution stage, single-core agglomeration stage, multi-center network stage, and chained spatial network stage.