在推进中国式现代化的进程中，人口与资源问题作为贯穿经济社会发展的基础性、全局性和战略性议题，人口结构性转型对资源配置逻辑、发展动力机制与治理体系效能提出了全新挑战。当前，人口负增长、老龄化和低生育率等趋势叠加，人口发展已由“数量主导”阶段进入“结构重构”阶段。围绕“人口与资源高质量发展”这一主题，邀请来自相关学科的专家学者，对人口结构转型和流动格局新特征、资源配置和优化，以及数据技术赋能人口治理等问题展开讨论。综合各位专家的主要观点，归纳总结出三条核心路径：一是构建系统性应对机制，推动人口结构优化及资源配置协同发展；二是发挥数据与人工智能技术的赋能作用，提升人口与资源监测与治理智能化水平；三是推动制度创新，打破户籍、福利与区域壁垒，完善常住人口导向的资源配置服务体系。专家一致认为，应以系统性思维统筹多元政策工具，推动人口治理范式从被动调控向主动适配转型，在科技支撑与制度创新的双轮驱动下，构建一个可持续、公平、高效的人口资源协调发展体系，是破解人口结构转型难题、实现高质量发展的关键路径。

As China advances its path toward Chinese modernization, population and resource issues serve as foundational, overarching, and strategic topics that span economic and social development. The structural transformation of the population presents new challenges to the logic of resource allocation, the mechanisms driving development, and the effectiveness of governance. At present, population decline, rapid aging, and low fertility rates are converging, marking a shift in population development from "quantity-driven" phase to "structural restructuring" phase. This paper, centered on the theme of "high-quality development of population and resources", draws on insights from scholars across relevant disciplines to examine key issues such as the transition of demographic structure and migration patterns, resource adaptation and optimization, and technology-enabled governance. Based on their viewpoints, three core strategies are summarized: (1) establishing a systematic response framework to coordinate demographic optimization with resource allocation; (2) leveraging big data and artificial intelligence to enhance the intelligence level of population and resource monitoring and governance; and (3) advancing institutional innovation to overcome barriers related to household registration, social welfare, and regional disparities, thereby building an inclusive system serving for the general resident population. Experts broadly agree that a systems-thinking approach integrating diverse policy tools is essential. A paradigm shift in population governance, from passive regulation to proactive adaptation, should be driven by both technological support and institutional innovation. Building a sustainable, equitable, and efficient system for coordinated development of population and resources is key to address the challenges of population structure transformation and achieve high-quality development.