基于生态安全格局的国家公园边界划定 ——以雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家公园为例
王琦(1995- ),女,内蒙古赤峰人,博士研究生,研究方向为国家公园和旅游地理。E-mail: 853035497@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2022-03-07
修回日期: 2022-06-23
网络出版日期: 2023-04-11
基金资助
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0401)
国家自然科学基金项目(41771159)
辽宁师范大学校高端培育项目(GD19L004)
Demarcation of national park boundary based on ecological security pattern: A case study of Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Park
Received date: 2022-03-07
Revised date: 2022-06-23
Online published: 2023-04-11
国家公园边界是平衡生态价值与社会经济价值的重要界线,国家公园边界划定作为国家公园综合规划和科学管理的先决条件,关乎国家公园区域内生态环境与社会经济的协调发展。通过对生态安全和统筹协调的理论分析,结合对保护地基础、代表性景观、人口与城镇化发展及区域特质等关联因素的综合考虑,提出了国家公园边界划定的理论框架,建立了基于生态安全格局的国家公园边界划定模型方法,并以拟建的雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家公园为案例地进行实证分析。研究表明:(1)在“斑块—阻力面—廊道”研究范式基础上,将原保护地基础与代表性景观纳入生态安全评估体系,并建立基于生态安全和统筹协调的方法模型,可以弥补以往自然保护地边界划定导向单一等不足;(2)识别林芝市生态斑块10块,关键廊道5条,辅助廊道11条,在此基础上进行原保护地基础、代表性景观分析,结合水体、山脉、行政边界等确定基于生态安全的国家公园基础边界,面积为1.12万km2;(3)在上述范围基础上叠加人口与城镇化、景观资源点及边防管控分析,可以划定基于协同发展和领土主权导向的国家公园边界,面积分别为1.63万km2和3.73万km2。可尝试进一步补充目前国家公园划界研究空缺,探索国家公园边界划定的模型方法,为未来国家公园规划建设提供理论及实践借鉴。
王琦 , 王辉 , 虞虎 . 基于生态安全格局的国家公园边界划定 ——以雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家公园为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2023 , 38(4) : 951 -965 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20230408
The national park boundary is essential for balancing ecological and socio-economic values. As the prerequisite for comprehensive planning and scientific management of national parks, the national park boundary demarcation concerns the coordinated development of ecological environment and social economy within the national park region. Using theoretical analysis of ecological security and overall coordination, this paper proposed a theoretical framework for the demarcation of national park boundaries, established a model methodology for the demarcation of national park boundaries based on ecological security and overall coordination patterns, and applied them to the proposed Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Park as a case study for verification. And the results can be detailed as follows: (1) Under the research paradigm of "plaque-resistance surface-corridor", the foundation of the original protected region and typical landscape were incorporated into the ecological security assessment system, and a methodological model based on ecological security and overall coordination was established to make up for the weak protection of core values and the single orientation of the previous nature reserve boundary delineation. (2) 10 ecological patches, 5 key corridors and 11 auxiliary corridors in Nyingchi city were identified, followed by analysis of the original protected foundation and typical landscape, and determination of the basic boundaries based on ecological security together with water bodies, mountains and administrative boundaries, the demarcation area was 11200 km2. (3) The above results were taken together, through the superposition of spatial data such as population, urbanization, scenic spots and boundary control, the boundary schemes based on coordinated development and territorial sovereignty orientation were determined and the demarcation areas were 16300 km2 and 37300 km2, respectively. This study aims to fill the gaps in the current research on national park boundary demarcation, explore the method and provide theoretical and practical reference for future national park construction.
表1 生态安全格局阻力因子及分值Table 1 Resistance factors and scores of ecological security pattern |
阻力因子 | 阻力分值 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
坡度/(°) | 0~5 | 5~15 | 15~25 | 25~35 | >35 |
土地利用类型 | 林地、水域 | 草地 | 耕地 | 未利用地 | 建设用地 |
植被覆盖率 | 0.81~1 | 0.63~0.81 | 0.42~0.63 | 0.24~0.42 | 0~0.24 |
距水域距离/m | <500 | 500~1000 | 1000~1500 | 1500~2000 | >2000 |
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