省级“双评价”的理论思考与实践方案——以浙江省为例
夏皓轩(1997- ),男,浙江温州人,博士研究生,研究方向为土地资源管理。E-mail: xhx1997@zju.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2020-05-06
要求修回日期: 2020-07-21
网络出版日期: 2020-12-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41871169,41671533)
Theoretical thinking and practical scheme of "double evaluations" at provincial level: A case study of Zhejiang province
Received date: 2020-05-06
Request revised date: 2020-07-21
Online published: 2020-12-28
Copyright
资源环境承载能力与国土空间开发适宜性评价(“双评价”)在国土空间规划体系中发挥着重要的基础性作用,是空间决策科学性和空间治理有效性的基本保障。从省级国土空间规划的定位出发,剖析省级国土空间规划对“双评价”科学支撑和简单适用的基本要求,总结当前省级“双评价”面临理论与实践的挑战。在此基础上,构建了一套“三维内涵—一对关系—两种尺度—四个层面”的省级“双评价”方案,深入挖掘资源环境承载的能力、压力、潜力三维内涵,立足于承载力与适宜性之间的逻辑联系,以浙江省为案例,从县级行政区和栅格单元两种尺度开展了“双评价”实践,并从优势短板识别、要素空间统筹、开发时序安排及空间格局优化四个层面支撑省级国土空间规划的编制。旨在为省级“双评价”提供一种可行、科学、实用的评价框架,为国土空间规划中布局优化、结构调整、指标分解等实践提供支撑。
夏皓轩 , 岳文泽 , 王田雨 , 吴桐 , 陈阳 . 省级“双评价”的理论思考与实践方案——以浙江省为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020 , 35(10) : 2325 -2338 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20201003
The evaluations of resources and environment carrying capacity and territorial space suitability ("double evaluations") play a fundamental role in the new territorial spatial planning system, which is crucial for the scientificity of spatial decision-making and the effectiveness of spatial governance. This paper mainly focuses on the territorial space planning at the provincial level. Through applying "double evaluations" in the provincial territorial spatial planning, we aim to find the scientific support and basic requirements, and to summarize the challenges the evaluation faces both in theory and practice. On this basis, we propose a provincial "double evaluations" program, which includes three-dimensional connotation, one relationship, two scales and four levels. Then this paper explores the carrying capacity, pressure and potential of the resources and environment in Zhejiang province. Based on the logical relationship between carrying capacity and suitability, the provincial "double evaluations" is carried out from the scale of county and grid units. It also supports the formulation of provincial territorial spatial planning in four aspects, which are identification of advantages and weakness, the overall planning of special elements, the arrangement of development sequence and the optimization of spatial patterns. This study attempts to provide a feasible, scientific and practical evaluation framework for "double evaluations" at the provincial level, and to provide evidence for spatial pattern optimization, structural adjustment and index decomposition in territorial spatial planning.
Fig. 1 The scheme framework of "double evaluations" at provincial level图1 省级“双评价”方案 |
Fig. 2 Logical relationship between carrying capacity and suitability evaluation图2 承载力与适宜性评价的逻辑关系 |
Fig. 3 Evaluation of land resource carrying capacity under the direction of urban construction图3 城镇建设指向下的土地资源承载力评价 |
Fig. 4 Evaluation of suitability for urban construction图4 城镇建设适宜性评价 |
Fig. 5 The four levels of decision-making support provided by "double evaluations"图5 “双评价”提供四个层面的决策支持 |
Table 1 Comparison between Zhejiang province's "double evaluations" program and national technical guidelines表1 浙江省“双评价”方案与国家技术指南对照 |
| 技术特点 | 国家“双评价”技术指南 (征求意见稿) | 国家“双评价”技术指南 (2020年1月版试行稿) | 浙江省“双评价” 实践方案 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 评价流程 | (1)在承载力评价的基础上开展适宜性评价;(2)生态、农业、城镇评价并行开展 | (1)承载力评价与适宜性评价并联,承载力评价定规模,适宜性评价定空间;(2)先进行生态保护重要性评价,在极重要区外开展城镇、农业适宜性评价 | (1)承载能力评价作为适宜性评价的底线约束范围,承载潜力对适宜性评价进行结果修正;(2)生态、农业、城镇评价并行开展 |
| 评价方法 | (1)省、市县均采用统一方法;(2)生态评价方法参照《生态红线划定指南》,农业、城镇适宜性评价采用多因子判断矩阵进行复合;(3)空间约束下的承载规模测算方法是通过去除强限制因子求得 | (1)省、市县方法进行区分;(2)生态评价方法大大简化,农业、城镇适宜性评价方法主要是要素叠加;(3)空间约束下的承载规模测算方法是排除农业/城镇功能的不适宜区以及生态保护极重要区求得,且农业承载规模细分了种植业、养殖业和渔业等类型 | (1)主要针对省级,同时対市县具有一定参考作用;(2)生态评价方法参照《生态红线划定指南》,农业、城镇适宜性评价方法采用多因子加权复合;(3)空间约束下的承载规模测算方法是通过去除强限制因子以及农业/城镇功能的不适宜区以及生态保护极重要区求得 |
| 评价尺度 | 省级50 m×50 m 市县级30 m×30 m | 与同级国土空间规划一致 | 承载力评价:区县单元 适宜性评价:100 m×100 m |
| 指标选取 | 各单项评价包含详细的指标 | 不做具体要求,因地制宜确定指标 | 根据浙江省实际情况选择指标 |
| 结果产出 | 承载规模、适宜程度 | 承载规模、适宜程度 | 承载规模、适宜程度、承载压力、承载潜力、结合承载潜力和适宜程度的空间开发优先级决策 |
| 结果分级 | 承载力五级、适宜性三级 | 生态、城镇、农业均为两级 | 承载力、适宜性均为五级 |
注:国家“双评价”技术指南(征求意见稿)具体指2020年1月之前各个版本的综合统称。 |
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